East Prussia: mōʻaukala a me ka modernity. Map, mokuna, nā pā kaua, a me nā kauhale, me ka moʻomeheu o ka Hikina Prussia

Back i loko o ka weuweu Middle Ages ka aina, Aia ma waena o nā muliwai Neman a me Vistula, loaa ae nei i kona inoa East Prussia. Ma kona ola ana, i ka mana hele ana ma kekahi mau manawa. Kēia manawa o ke Temepela, a me ka Prussian duchy, a laila, i ke aupuni, a me ka'āina e like me ka lāʻau kū-kaua aupuni, i ka renaming o redistribution ma waena o Poland, a me ka Soviet Union.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o ka hooilina o

No ka hoohiki mua o na aina Prussian ua Ua oi aku mamua o umi kenekulia. Initially, na kanaka e noho ana ma luna o kēia mau panalāʻau e noho, maheleia i mauʻohana (ohana) ka mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻike mau palena.

Ka nui aouli o ka Prussian aina uhi ma ka na pono e ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina, he hapa o Poland a me Lithuania. Mau hookomoia samba a me Skalov, Warmia a me pogesanians, pomesanians a me Kulmskaya'āina natangians a me Bart, Galindo a me Sassen, Skalov a me nadruvians, Mazovia a me ka moku.

lehulehu i waiwai ai

Prussian aina ma kona ola ana, mau malalo i ka hoao ana o ka naʻi aupuni ma ka aoao o ka hoa ikaika, aʻano pākīkē. No laila, i loko o kaʻumikumamālua kenekulia ma luna o ka waiwai a me ka leo kono i ke hamama mau hakahaka i hele mai i ka Teutonic Naita - Crusaders. Ka mea, ua kūkuluʻia nā pā kaua, a me ka lehulehu chateaux, no kekahi laʻana Kulm, Reden, Thorne.

Eia naʻe, ma 1410 ma hope o ka hoʻoili kaua kaulana o Grunwald Prussia lilo i laumania hoʻololi i loko o ka lima o ka Poland a me Lithuania.

I nā makahikiʻehiku 'Kaua ma ka umikumamawalu kenekulia ke olonā wāwae o ka ikaika o ka Prussian koa, a alakai aku i ka mea i kekahi o ko na aina hikina i lilo ma ka Russian aupuni a pau.

I ka iwakalua kenekulia kaua no hoi i hookoe mai i kekahi mau aina. Mai 1914, East Prussia i komo i loko o ka First World War, a ma ka makahiki 1944 - ka Apana World War.

A ma hope o ka lanakila ana o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i ka makahiki 1945, ka mea nui oki ia nei, a ua lilo iho i loko o ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina.

Ana ma waena o nā kaua

Iloko o ka First World War, waiho wale aku no ka lilo nui loa o East Prussia. Map o ka 1939 ua ka loli i, a update i ka'āina i loko o ka moku'āina weliweli. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, o ka mea wale nō ia wahi i loko o Hawaii, i ke kemu i ke kaua aku i nā kaua.

Ka hōʻailona o ke Kuikahi o Versailles uku aloha nui no East Prussia. Nā Winners Ua hoʻoholo e emi kona mokuna. Nolaila, mai 1920 a hiki i 1923 i ke kulanakauhale o Memel a me ka Memel wahi lilo i ke Kuʻikahi o Nations, e kahu ai i ka kōkua o Palani hao wale. Akā, ma hope o ka January Uprising i ka 1923 i ke kulana i loli. A mua i ka makahiki 1924 ua lilo i kēia'āina, e like me ka hana nona iho māhele wahi o Lithuania.

Eia hou kekahi, East Prussia, a nalowale kekahi mokuna Zoldan (Dzialdowo kulanakauhale).

Ma huina, ka mea i ua disconnected ma kahi o 315 tausani aa o ka aina. A me keia mea, aole okana mai ?? eoi? Ee. E like me ka hopena o kēia mau loli koe i ka'āina i loko o ka quandary, pu mai, alahula mau aneiai pilikia.

Hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o na 20s a me 30s.

I ke kakahiaka nui twenties, ma hope o ka normalization o kalaiaina pili aloha ma waena o nā Soviet Union a me Hawaii, hoomaka ae la ka hae o ka poʻe e ola ana i loko o Hikina Prussia i nā i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana. Ua weheia hawaii Moscow-Königsberg, ka hoʻomau 'ana i ka hikina German maikaʻi, hana Kenigsbergsskaya hoʻokiwikā Radio hoomaka.

Aka hoi, i ka global aneiai ulia i i hookoe mai i kekahi mau aina kahiko. A no ka makahiki elima (1929-1933 GG.) Wale ma Königsberg ka mea, ua bankrupt elima haneri heʻumikumamākolu okoa poʻe, a me ka nele ana, kū aʻela i hoʻokahi haneri tausani kanaka. Ma ia ke kulana, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka naueue a me ka maopopo kulana o ka he aupuni, ka Nazi Party i hooponopono i loko o ko lākou mau lima.

redivision o ka ?? eoi?

Nā palapala a East Prussia a makahiki 1945ʻo ia i kaʻiʻo nui o ka loli. Ke oia hiki i ka 1939, ma hope o ka hana ana o Poland ma ka poʻe o Nazi Germany. E like me ka hopena, i ka hoonohoia'na o ka hou ciie? O na aina Polish a Klaipeda (Memel) māhele o Lithuania i loko o ka'āina. lilo kekahi kulanakauhale o Elbing, Marienburg a me Marienwerder hapa o ka Apana hou o West Prussia.

Ua hemo nā Nazis pīhoihoi manao no ka redivision oʻEulopa. A me ka palapala 'āina o ka hikina Prussia, ma ko lakou manao, ua lilo iho la i ka piko o oicyenoaaiiie wahi ma waena o ka Baltic a me Black kai, e pili ana i ka piʻiʻana ma nā panalāʻau e o ka Soviet Union. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau mea kuka hiki ole e hele mai nei.

Ke kia-kaua manawa

E like me ka hōʻeaʻana o ka poʻe hao wale Soviet Hawaiian Prussia kekahi i nā hoopahaohao. Hookupaa koa commandant ka oihana, a ma April 1945, malaila hoi au i ke kanakolu-kumamaono. Lākou mau Nä Pahuhopu poe e haʻi lākou i ka German heluna kanaka, i ka Moʻolako a me ka holo hoʻololi i sīwila ola.

Ma kēlā mau makahiki, ma ka pau ?? eoi? O East Prussia peʻe tausani o Kelemānia luna a me nā koa, hana pūʻulu limahana ma ka sabotage a me ka subversion. Wale i loko o 'Apelila 1945, i ka oihana koa commandant ka oihana hoopio i makaukau fascists oi aku mamua o ekolu tausani.

Naʻe, i loko o ka mokuna o Königsberg a me ka puni ka hale i ka mea a me ka Kelemānia kanaka. Ma kahi o 140 tausani kanaka.

I ka MH 1946 i ke kulanakauhale o Königsberg i Kapa hou i ke Kaliningrad, kūpono i ka hoʻonoho papa iā, a me ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina. A i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ia i loli inoa a me nā kauhale. Ma pili ana i kēia mau loli i ua redone a me ka na palapala 'āina ma mua 1945 East Prussia.

East Prussian na aina ia i keia la

Kēia mau lā, i ka mua mokuna o ka Kaliningrad māhele o Prussians. East Prussia oki ia nei i ka makahiki 1945. A oiai o ka māhele 'āina o kekahi hapa o ka Russian Hui, ka mea, e geographically kaawale. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka hoʻomalu kikowaena - Kaliningrad (i ka 1946, hanau mai i ka inoa o Königsberg), he luawai-ulu na kulanakauhale e like me Bagrationovsk, Baltic, Gvardeisk, Amber, Sovetsk, Chernyakhovsk, Krasnoznamensk, Neman, Ozersk, Primorsk, Svetlogorsk. Ka wahi ninoieo o ehiku hoʻokiwikā apana, nā kūlanakauhale a me ka umikumamalua apana. Main kanaka e noho ana i loko o kēia oa ?? eoi? - he Lūkini, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Armenians a me kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

I ka lā, i ka Kaliningrad māhele kaua mua i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Amber, ka hoola ana i loko o kona poli kekahi he kanaiwa pakeneka o kona global me ke koe.

Hawaii kēia East Prussia

A eia nae i keia la i ka palapala 'āina o ka hikina mai Prussia hoʻololi ma'ō aku iaia, me ka aina i ke aupuni' ma luna o ko lākou mau kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale a me kēia manawa i ka hoomanao ana o ka hala. I ka uhane o ka nalo nui aupuni, a no ia iloko o keia la ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, i pau i ka inoa o Tapiau a me Taplaken, Tilsit a me Insterburg, Ragnit a me Waldau.

Nā iauaeoia oo? Ecia e Popular Kauai mālama 'ia ma ka paukūʻia aina "Georgenburg". Ua ola loko i ke kakahiaka nuiʻumikumamākolu kenekulia. Georgenburg pā ua awa no ka Kelemānia naita, a crusaders ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu i ka lio? Aneii.

Hiki i keia manawa, o ka ekalesia ua pono malamaia, kūkuluʻia i loko o ke kenekulia umikumamaha (i loko o nā kūlanakauhale ma mua Hayligenvalde a me Arnau), e like me ka ekalesia o ka umikumamaono kenekulia ma ka ?? eoi? O ke kulanakauhale mua Tapiau. Mau kilohana hale i mau hoʻomanaʻo kanaka o ke kahiko manawa o ka Teutonic Papa o ka pomaikai.

naita o ka hale kākela

i ka aina o ka loa kahiko waiwai Amber me ke koe o Laielohelohe i ka Kelemānia komohewa. Ma kaʻumikumamākolu kenekulia ka Polish aliʻi, pu me ka Teutonic Naita ke kiʻekiʻe o hopu i ka waiwai, a hoomakaukau hou i ia lehulehu i nā pā kaua. I koe o kekahi o ia mau mea, i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a me keia la e kekahiʻaoʻaoʻelua manaʻo ma luna o kona wā. Ua kūkuluʻia ka nui helu o medieval mau halelewa, i loko o nā kenekuliaʻumikumamāhā, a me ka la umikumamalima. Lākou wahi hale i pio Prussian Valenod-ipu lepo hūlili. I ka hana ana i mau pāpū ma pono mālama i ka moolelo ma ka kaila kāʻei Kokika kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka pō Middle Ages. Eia hou kekahi, a pau hale ke malama i ka hookahi kumumanao o ko lākou kūkulu. I kēia manawa i ka wa kahiko kākela Insterburg wehe i hana hamama-ea iau.

Mawaena o na kupa a me nā hoaʻai o ka Kaliningrad māhele mea he nui kaulana kauhale na lalani. He He kū hoʻokahi o nā 'āina e neeaaia me kahiko hale ahu Waldau Castle. Ma hope o kipa mea, ua hiki, he olelo ia i loko o ke alo o kona mau maka sweeping ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o East Prussia, mai ka manawa o ka wa kahiko Prussians a me ka pau ana i ke au o Soviet nā meaʻeʻe moku.