Education, mōʻaukala a me ka höʻailona o ka Golden iā Goga

Zolotaya Orda medieval moku'āina i hanaia i ka 1224. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Khan Meng-Timur ia loaa kuokoa, a me ka wale formally e kaukaʻi ma ka Auguseto. He aha ka i ka mōʻaukala o ke Gula iā Goga? He aha nō kona mokuna? A me ka mea i Ua i ke ala o ke ola? E ho'āʻo i ka maopopo.

Kumu o ka inoa

Ma ka hikina kumu, e like me ka pono me ia ma ke Gula iā Goga, uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka inoa o ka hoʻokahi moku'āina. Aia i kekahi moʻo o nā hōʻailona me ka "ulus" hou a me ka aina nona inoa. Ma Rusia ka hopuna'ōlelo "Zolotaya Orda" Ua halawai mua i loko o 1566 i loko o ka puke "Kazan History". Prior ia mea, ua hoʻohana Lūkini kumu wale i ka hua'ōlelo "iā Goga", a IeAUPIIe, IAa IO o ia hoʻi, ka lawe lima koa kahi e hoʻomoana ai. Aia he'ē aʻe inoa o ka moku'āina - Tatarstan, ka Company, ka Honua Tatars Tatars.

"Polovtsian hehi"

Ma ka Hawaii Hawaiian mai ka III kenekulia BC, ka ohana i noho ai, i kapaʻia ka Kipchaks (e like me ka chronicle - Polovtsy). I ka wā mai VII i VIII kenekulia, ka mea, ua pili no Tureke aupuni a pau , a ma hope, lilo kekahi hapa o ke komohana hapa o Kimek Khanate. Ma hope iho o ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka mana (e hoʻomaka ana mai o ka XI kenekulia) kipchaki moku'āina kipaku Pechenegs a me Oghuz akau,? Iaeoe ko lakou mau aina. Soon ka mea, lilo iho la ia i ka poʻe kaua o kaʻohana o ka hehi Nui, mai ke Danube a hiki i ka Irtysh. Keia wahi o ka aina i kapaia o Dasht-i-Kipchak. A laila, ka mea i maheleia i mau apana. Kona aoao komohana 'āpana o Khan waiwai Bonyak a me ka hikina - Togur Khan.

Hou a me ke pio ana o Dasht-i-Kipchak

Ke muli o ka poʻe naʻauao, a me ka ikaika ali Kipchak wahi me ka nui loa hoʻonui, a ikaika ae la. Okoa nationalities, he hapa o ka hehi Nui, i hui, i ka helu o ka poe noho mahuahua markedly. Ua hoʻokumuʻia feudal luna kiʻekiʻe, a i alai e Khan, i kona lima'ākau,ʻo ia ka Suletana, ka mea e hiki mai ana loa nui wahi i paʻaʻia e Beck. Ka hope ke kahua i ka inoa oʻelua. Mea Maluna malama ikaika.

I ka hoomaka i ke kaua ana o ka Mongols ma ka hikina mai Europe, ka Kipchaks i i noho aʻe, a lawe aku la i ke kaua. I ka 1223 i kaʻohana ua nalowale i ke kaua. A koke, ke Great hehi i ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ke Gula iā Goga.

Education ulus

State Zolotaya Orda i kekahi o ka mea nui loa medieval nā panalāʻau e. Ua hana ia ma 1243 ma ke keiki a Jochi - Batu Khan. Kekahi o na mau kumu o ka 'ike i ka manawa i ka Laurentian Chronicle. Ua hai mai o ka hiki ana mai o ka mea nui, Prince Yaroslav ka Khan Batu no ka mea i 'ae' ai i kona aliʻiʻana ma loko o ke kauwela o 1243. Ka hihia hōʻike i Khan i noho ma ke poo o ka mea hou moku'āina. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Batu hele mai i ka mana Berke. He hana i ka helu o ka holoʻokoʻa heluna o Rusia a me nā ulus, a uku nānā 'ana i ka hana o ke koa aʻo koa.

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o kana moopuna ia Batu, Meng-Timur, Zolotaya Orda lilo kuokoa, i kona mau malihini. His umi keiki - Uzbek Khan, hoomaka ae la e hōʻiliʻili i ka hālāwai, a kamaʻilio maila kumuhana o ke aupuni ana. Ka mea, ke komo kokoke hoahanau a me influential temniki. Mua oe e hele i ka pilikia a hiki i ka Khan, e hooholoia e ka 'Aha, a oia no eha ulus emirs. Uzbek Khan Ua kauoha i nā luna, a alakai aku ia lehulehu hooponopono centralization. Nā luna o ke Gula iā Goga, ua pepeiaohao nui no ko lakou naauao.

aupuni mokuna

Ma ka Golden iā Goga me ka i kēia mau mea: Western Siberia, ka Crimea, ke Volga wahi, i ke komohana hapa o Central Asia. Ka moku'āina Ua i nā'āpanaʻelua - AK a me ka White iā Goga, a me Kok (Blue). Ke kapikala o ke Gula iā Goga i loko o ka manawa, mai ka XIII a hiki i ka XV kenekulia - Sarai-Batu. Uzbek Khan 'oni iki i ka piko o ka nui ?? eoi? I loko o Sarai Berke. Ka 'ole o ka moku'āina o lakou a ma kahi o 150 kūlanakauhale, 32 o ia lawe coinage.

Apapika kumu XIV-XV kenekulia wehewehe palena Golden iā Goga ma lalo o Khan Uzbekov penei: "Aupuni e waiho ana ma ka hikina ńkau a kŰlń ao mai ke Black kai e Irtish lōʻihi farsakhs 800 a me ka i kā mākou laula o ka hola Derbentado Bulgar farsakhs 600". Map o Kina, e ka Lā 1331 makahiki, ka loaʻa o ka aina ma ka Jochi Ulus: Rusia, ka Volga māhele 'āina a me ke kulanakauhale o Bulgar, Crimea Solkhat kulanakauhale, Hawaii Caucasus, aneea oneiaey a me Khorezm noho, Oaaineiai, Barchakend, Jenda. E like me 'oe ke' ike i ka wahi, i ua mea a Uzbek Khan, ka mea, ua nui.

ola o Tatars

Ke kanaka i loko o ka Jochi Ulusʻano nui komo i loko o ka mahiʻai a me ka holoholona mahinaai, a me nā akamai. Ke koa hapa o ka Golden iā Goga ua kilakila, na koa i hana ma ka mahuahua o ko lakou mau mākau. Akamai poʻe aliʻi, e like me ka Khan Uzbek, Dzhanibek, Tokhtamysh, hiki me ka nui loa hoomahuahua i ka nui o ka? Acaeoey o ka moku'āina. Kulanakauhale OAOOUIEeE majolica a mosaic monumental kuhikuhipuʻuone. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o na ali o poetry ulu, ka loa kaulana 'elele, he Kotb, Khwarizmi, malai Sarai. Ke ole o ka Golden iā Goga ua hoikea mai i loko o ka hana kalepa me na kauhale. No ka laʻana, China i laweia mai pulupulu, silika, porcelain, aniani a me Crimea lawe mea kaua, a me Rusia - für,ʻili, hihihi niho a, a me ka berena. Hoʻolilo Jewelry, pālolo, aniani a me ka iwi mea, a me ka oi.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka make ana o ka Jochi Ulus

Mai ka hopena o ka XIV kenekulia, hoomaka ae la ka Zolotaya Orda e disintegrate. ʻano nui, no ka haipule hilinaʻi hoomaka ae la e luku aku i ka Tatar waiwai, hoomaka ae la ka repression. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Khan Uzbek noho aliʻiʻo ia i kāna waena keiki - Dzhanibek. He alii ai no ka lōʻihi. Ma hope o kona make ana i ka 1357 a hiki i ka mana, kona kaikaina Muhamet-Bardybek. Hoomaka feuding. No ka makahiki 18 i nā luna o ke Gula iā Goga i auou caiaiai 25 manawa. Ka moku'āina Ua maheleia i kuokoa khanate me ioauoa ma Kazan, Astrakhan, o Sara, like hoʻi me hana Mesherskoye Khanate. Ma keia paakiki wā o ka warlord hoomaka Mamai e kuai mana, a ma ka 1377 oia Mahope iho la kona hope. Ke alakaʻi ia i ike ia e na kanaka o ke Gula iā Goga a me ka White, like me Cossacks a me Nogais, pela i koi e imi kākoʻo. A loaʻaʻo ia ia i loko o ke kanaka o ke Lituania Grand Duke Jagiello. Mai ke kaua me Moscow, a me ka waiwai o ke Gula iā Goga. I ka hopena o ka paio a me ka Lūkini luna i ke kaua o Kulikovo i ka 1380, ma ka a Mamai nalowale. Ma hope o ka make,ʻo ia hou hoʻomaka e hōʻiliʻili i ka poʻe hao wale. I keia manawa, he mea kekahi naʻi aupuni.

Board Tokhtamysh a Tamerlane

Lawe ka lanakila o na kaua, a ma ka hui ana i nāʻohana o ka Turkmens, Tamerlane subjugates ka White iā Goga. Ma hope o ka loaa ana i ka lono o ka lilo ana o Mamaia i loko o ke kaua o Kulikov, hoouna i kona No ka paulele aku luna e ku e ia Tokhtamysh. Hope ua kū aʻela hale papaa, a hele aku la i Mamaia, i loko o ka papa o ke kaua, i make. Tokhtamysh lilo Khan o ke Gula iā Goga. He hoihoi hou ia i ke aupuni hoomana, a me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohui o kona poe kanaka. Ua hoomaka ae la e hoʻi i ka aoao o ke Gula iā Goga. Han makemake e ke hoʻokō 'hoolohe ana i ka Lūkini kanaka, a hoʻonohonoho koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe. I loko nō o kona noho alii ana Tokhtamysh luku Moscow, Serpukhov, Kolomna, Pereslavl. Entrenched i loko o lākou ka mana, Khan lilo i ka io e pili ana i kona mentor Tamerlane, ka poe i ole tolerate naau haakei, a ua pepehi i ke Gula iā Goga. Tatars, me ka hoʻokūoʻo kahunapule, a hiki i ka hoomalu ana i ko lakou mau panalāʻau. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi paio Tamerlane luku. Part o ka hee moku'āina i hōkaiʻia. Mau makahiki ma hope, i ke kaua wawahi mai hou, a me ka hou, i ka Tartars nalowale. Tamerlane i ka Khan o ke Gula iā Goga Meng-Qutluq.

Ka'opi o ka moku'āina nui

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka papa kuhikuhiE Khan Zolotaya Orda poe Khanates kēia: Sarayskiy, Kazan, Astrakhanskoye, Cossack a me Crimean. Cossack moku'āina Ua noʻonoʻo kuokoa, ka mea i ole nae i ka mana o Khan. I ka 1438, a hai mai la kona Kuokoa , mai ka Kazan Khanate. Kona Haku, he nui Kichi-Makhmet i hoike i ka makemake e lilo i ka papa kuhikuhiE Khan o ke Gula iā Goga. Kanawai kaua, hoomaka ae la. No ka mea nui ka mana i hoomaka ai e kaua i ke ali Sarai, Crimea a me Kazan.

Great keiki ma luna o ka hanana ua e hoolako i ke Suletana o Tureke. No laila,ʻo ia i kauoha mai ai Mengli Khan o Crimea Giray. Suletana hoopomaikai io ia i kona noho aupuniʻana,ʻaʻole wale nō ma luna o ka Krymskoe Hanstvo, akā, no hoi ma o ka ?? eoi? O Kazan. Mengli Hinahina Hoomau iho la lakou i ke kaua me na luna o ke Gula iā Goga. I ka 1502, ua hui i ke kaua me Shih-Ahmed, a lanakila i ke kaua. Ke kapikala o ke Gula iā Goga, Sarai Batu, i luku aku. Ka moku'āina hookahi-nui ua oki e nei.

A me ka mea i hiki mai ai ma laila me ka nui oa ?? eoi? I ia manawa, ua i kaʻawale hou kanaka - Kazakhs a me Nogai a me Crimean Tatars, Bashkirs a me na mea e ae. I na Hawaii a pau o ka mea kahiko Golden iā Goga hoola ana i ka mooolelo o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka mana. Alakai aupuni ana o kekahi mau hana nona iho wahi i ka hehi waiwai - Genghis Khan. i kekahi kanaka o ko lākou sultans ua, no laila, ka mea i kono mai i ka Kazakh Khanate. succession i ka noho luna "keʻokeʻo iwi" no ka lōʻihi manawa i loli. Ma ka XV kenekulia i hana i ka hahai Hawaii: ka Nogai iā Goga, Crimea, Uzbekistan, Kazan, Siberian, ka Kazakh Khanate. Ma ka XVI kenekulia Ivan Grozny i Kazan State i ka Astrakhan Khanate a Nogai kapikala - hookahe. I ka 1582 Ermak a me kona poe o Cossacks hoopio i ka Siberian State. Mai laila, Rusia ua lilo e hoÿonui ai kona mokuna, naʻi nui a oi ka helu ana o na kulanakauhale o ka mua Golden iā Goga.

Ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ke Gula iā Goga

One republished kumu kahiko o ka XVII kenekulia "Ma zachinanii hōʻailona a me ka hae a hae" kākau: "... A i ka Ia manawa, e hoopai a hiki ma waena o ka Roma, a me Caesar nui kaua, a Kaisara, ekolu hahau i ka Roma, me ka i kā lākou mau hae, i ka mea e olelo mau aeto. A me ka mai i ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma Tsesaryane i ka hae ma ka hoailona, a pai papalua-hina aeto. " Ma ke kālā no parlance, ke Byzantine aupuni a ua ma ke kaua ana me ka Roma. A ua lanakilaʻo ia i ke kaua. E like me ka mea e uwa, ka moku'āina appropriated i ka hae o ka hee aupuni a pau. I ka 1273 beklyarbek Nogai mare i ke kaikamahine o ka Byzantine Emperor Evfrosinii Paleolog. Mamua o ka ahaaina mare mai, ua hoolohe mai i ka Orthodox manaoio. I ka höʻailona o ka Byzantine aupuni a ua he mau-alai aeʻaeto, a Nogai ike höʻailona o ka Golden iā Goga. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o na ali Uzbek Djanibek a me ka malihini moku'āina 'Imi hoʻohana i ka hou ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ke kiʻi.

Aia i kekahi höʻailona o, a ua pinepine i loaʻa i loko o hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana. Ua depicted i ka manu me ka swastika ma kona umauma. Kēia höʻailona o ka Golden iā Goga ua i hiki mai ma luna o ke apo, a ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Genghis Khan. Ke swastika mea he e ka la, pomaikai a me ke ola. Kona kiʻi Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma luna o hipuu, e hooponopono ana, kapa. Ka hōʻailona Ua noʻonoʻo i ka haipule hoailona, ai ka ikaika nui.

I ka höʻailona o ka hehi Nui, a me ka'āina a pau Astrakhan

Inā e nānā i kēia mau huapalapala: Russian kapa o na mea kaua - ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ke Gula iā Goga, e hiki ke ike i ka mea, ua loa like. I ka 1260, ua kūkuluʻia ke kulanakauhale o Tsarevo, a i ke kapikala o ke Goga. Kona nā inoa - Sarai Berke. Gold kapa iā Goga poe kiʻi lei aliʻi (trefoil), ma lalo i ka moana i ka saber (crescent mahina). ke kea, i ka crescent Together hana, a me ka lā o ka hoʻomaopopo like haipule hōʻailona o ka secession adherents o Hoʻomana Mohameka. I ka wā o ka feudal fragmentation o ka moku'āina mana i laila 'o ia i ka Astrakhan aupuni, a me ka mea, i ka pale umauma o na mea kaua o ke Gula iā Goga. Photos o like nā pelaha, i loaʻa i keia la ma ka hoʻolilo o kakaolelo hoʻokūpaʻa i ka ae ana o kona Astrakhan. Akā, i loaʻa kekahi hōʻailona o kēia moku'āina nui.

Zolotaya Orda. Nā lima a me ka hae

State Zolotaya Orda i ole wale na mea kaua, akā, i ka hae. Ka hope ua he ma ka yellow palekaua ikonaʻeleʻele pueo (kekahi poʻe paʻa moʻolelo manaʻo i ka mea, ua hoʻokahi hou kapa o na mea kaua). Aia nō i ka nui o nā moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko i ua oleloia ma keia hae. No ka laʻana, "World He Hoikehonua" Hōlani hae papaaina hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia, ka "Book" Marco Polo. Ua kō kekahi ano - heʻeleʻele deragona ma luna o kekahi kaʻao lenalena. Kēia höʻailona o kekahi mau moʻolelo, he, no a hiki i ka hae o ke Gula iā Goga. Ua Ua manao me ka hae o ka moku'āina kahiko a me ke kiʻi o ka ulaula crescent ma luna o ka pāpale aliʻi. Ma ka ho ohana iʻeleʻele a me ka melemele waihoʻoluʻu.

Oiaio moʻolelo ua mau ma muli o ka hōʻike i loaʻa. Eia naʻe, no ka Jochi Ulus ola no ka lōʻihi manawa, nui na kumu o ka 'ike i ua nalowale a luku iho la ia. I ninau o ke ola ana o ka Mongol-Tatarʻauamo, a me ka kūlana nae hoʻokani ma ka Khanate Nui. Akā, i ka mea e hiki eʻoiaʻiʻo, no laila, i ka mōʻaukala o ke Gula iā Goga a me Rusia pili loa intertwined. He nui na aoao a me nā 'ikamu i aponoia mai kekahi i kekahi, a eia nō i loko o ana.