Fingerprinting - DNA profiling mea ...

Hehe ke kanaka make i kona hoailona ma kahi hana: ili keena, lauoho, tuha. A me na keena o na epidermis mau, albeit ma ka liʻiliʻi mea, kuu malu: ka mea hou a me ka momona o ka iʻa. Ka mea, ua i kā lākou uku, a ma laila nō fingerprints ma luna o nā mea a pau i poe kauwa iʻa. Me ke kumu hoʻohālike i kū hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia kanaka. No laila, ma hana fingerprinting, a me ke kumu e hiki e maikaʻi kēia?

o Mānoa,

Fingerprinting - he 'epekema i Pilikanaka ka papillary Nails, i mea, ua mauʻauamo ma luna o kaʻili i na kanaka ma ko lakou mau fingertips. Eia hou kekahi, no laila,-kapa kaʻina hana o ka 'ike o ka puka o kēia mau laina. Ka mea i ka mea, e kū hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia kanaka, a ua ma luna o ke ola, i ka mea a ke kanaka e pili ana. I mea no ke aha la ia mea he iaoia maikaʻi o ka 'ike, aka, na mea pono, a me ka hoʻohana nā hualoaʻa a.

mōʻaukala kāʻei kua

Initially, i kono i ka Argentine Kauka F. Lattsinoy i ka manaʻo o ka fingerprinting like me ka trasologii pauku i ka 1894. Before mea i hoʻohana mea,ʻaʻole loa e akamai hoi kau "iknafalangometriya". A laila, fingerprinting 'ana i kūpono a me kā lākou mau hana i loko o forensic' epekema ua booming. 'Epekema e hoaponoia no ka mea, i ka mea kaulana EnglishʻImi Loa Francis Galton, a ua ulu i kona manaʻo, a mua hoʻomanoʻia i loko o ka hana pono Juan Vucetich. He hoʻomohala i ka Mea Maluna o ka wahi, a ma hope - he kūikawā fingerprint kakau'ōnaehana i loko o kekahi South 'Amelika'āina. A i hiki i ka 'ike o ke kanaka i loko o ka hou o ka papillary Nails - kekahi o na kumu o na mea paahana o kēia criminology.

He paʻakikī i ka olelo a no ka mea i oleloia kānakaʻepekema i ka nui impetus a hiki i kēia 'epekema, like fingerprinting. Kēia mea he mea hilo i pinepine kumu he wahi lihi iki o ka hoopaapaa no ka mea, Galton hoao iho la ia fingerprint ń kekahi mau kanaka ka mathematically ole, a me Vucetich seriously kōkua ai i nā ka 'ike o ka pilikia wale. Loa paha, ma ka mea, pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kumu nui o ka hoʻohui pū' ia o kēia mau e piʻi like.

DNA profiling

Inā ma lalo o maʻamau hoomaopopo fingerprinting, mea ua hoʻohana 'aneʻi? Ka mea, ua maopopo i ka Ikepili o DNA. He nui hou aku nä meaʻai a me ka kūlike loa mea kani. Ināʻike mau fingerprinting hiki tolerate kekahi hewa, uaʻaneʻane eliminated i ka hewa, no ka DNA o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kū hoʻokahi. genotyping hana? ac? i ka makahiki 1984 ma ka pūʻulu o noiʻi alakaʻiʻia Alex Dzheffresa. He lilo kaulana, no ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kekahi mau notorious karaima hihia, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka hana' ia ke komo pū i ka pôpeku oj. Simpson i ka 1995.

'ana i kūpono

Kēia 'ike hana ia i hiki ma ka kūikawā' ole o ke kanaka DNA. Ka mea e pili ana i 95% o nā nā lātoma i ole-helu kuʻina, a laila mai i lawe aaiaoe 'ike, akā, iloko o ka repetitive kaʻina,, i hiki ke palahalaha ae aku, mai kekahi i kekahi a e kokoke. He ma ka hope hihia, ka mea i kapaʻia ukali. Ka helu o nā repetitions i loko o ia hiki e loa okoa, a ina e lawe ka okoa kanaka, ia mea i kumu hoʻomalu i ka 'Aʻohe.

Aia nā huhui waina a lākou i loko o i ka helu o nā kaʻina mea uuku loa - ka mea, i kapaʻia ieie-ukali. A ma kekahi wahi i loko o ka DNA o kēlā me kēia kanaka i na hale a elua, i kekahi mai kēlā makua. DNA profiling mea he Ikepili o kēia mau ieie-ukali. Ma ia mea hiki me ka lawa pololei, e kuhikuhi i ke kanaka, a e pili ana i ka DNA. I kēia lā, i kēiaʻano hana Radio ka ia kūlana me ka hookahi fingerprints. Akā, inā karaima i ka hala e holoi kaiapuni, mai haʻalele i kekahiʻano o physical kumumea o kona noho ana,ʻo ia hoʻi, (particles) o kaʻili, koko, tuha, lauoho, a no laila, ma luna, E., Ua aneane hiki ole i.

pololei

DNA profiling i kekahi o kona kulana kiʻekiʻe pono, i mea, ma lalo o kekahi mau hae kekahi mau hōʻike i nā hualoaʻa i loaa i loko o kekahi keʻena hoʻokolohua i oleʻokoʻa. Ma ka hooulu ana i kekahi mau rula e like me ka hiki i nā mea a pau o keia ano o ka noiʻi ka manawa e hana ia.

Like no ka pololei, ka pahiki o coincidence o ka ua kālailai DNA apana, mai kekahi kanaka mea negligible. Ua ua olelo mai ia i ka manawa o ka mea kiekie oia ka mea, inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kokoke loa hoahanau, kā lākou i nā hualoaʻa e e like ma kekahi hihia. Eia hou, i ka pololei o ka genotyping mai he nui hopena o ka pono o ka mea. Ia mea i kekahi mea - e kekahi fingerprinting, i mea e e ikea iho, a me ka loa kekahi - e ho'āʻo e kaʻawale DNA, mai ke kulu o maloʻo koko a me kou tuha.

kēia palapala noi

Aia He He uuku huahelu o ka wahi, i hiki ai i ua o ke kaʻina hana paha e maikaʻi kēia. Mua o nā mea a pau, keia mea he wahi o ka hewa. manaʻo pü 'o ka hewa a hiki ke hooiaioia, no kekahi laʻana, inā e loaʻa ili keena ma lalo o nā fingernails o ka luahi, DNA'ālike me ia. No ka forensic DNA profiling - he maoli i loaʻa, kōkua, e hōʻike i ka wahine paha, o ka perpetrator.

A helu o nā wahi, i hiki i kona lā iho makaukau o ka DNA-piliʻike, keia hoopaapaa e pili ana i paternity a me ka hooilina. Ma nā makahiki, ua lilo loa mahalo a me ka loaʻa i kēia mau ho'āʻo ma.

Eia hou kekahi, genotyping ua hoʻohana 'ia e anthropologists e kumumea i ka mōʻaukala, a me ka pilina o nā kānaka. Ma ke kālailai i ka DNA o kēia kānaka i i hoihoi 'discoveries a me nā mea mahuʻi.

Eia hoi, ua hoʻohana 'ia i kēiaʻano hana i loko o holoholona? Aneii e hōʻoia i ka maemae o ka ole a me ka mālamaʻana o ka aaiaoe ka nohona.

Where a pehea e hana ai?

Fingerprinting hele maʻalahi. He nui na mea a loa painless ina hana. E hoʻomaka me ka manamana lima uhi me ka kūikawā kalameaʻai, a laila, e wahi ma luna o ka pepa. Eia naʻe, i loko o na kulanui ia hana i kekahi kamepiula scan NineManga.com o papillary lauana - ia e leie aku oe e pakele i ka pilikia, i ukali ia e digitization.

Mai 2015 a hiki i undergo i kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka pono i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie i loko o Rusia o hou hanauna palapala holo'āina'ē. Eia hou, i ka wa ana, no ka laʻana, he papala noi huakaʻi Pelekāne, e kekahi pono ia e fingerprinted. Akā, e hiki ke hana ia iho - e hele i ke kokoke lālā o ka Pekelala Neʻekau Service.

Inā he mea i ka ninau e pili ana i kahi e waiho ai ka DNA fingerprinting, he mea he ala i ka hana kūikawā 'inikua kulanui. E like me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka hoao ana kāki a me ka haawi aku i koi 'ia no kona hoʻi lako a pan e like kulanui e ulu ana. He, no ka mea hoike, i ka Center no hakakino aaiaoe?, Kahi o ka hopena hiki ke loaa i loko o ka hebedoma hana o 10-20 tausani rubles, a me ka Research Institute o Lapaʻau aaiaoe?, Kahi e loaʻa ai ka Ikepili e pili ana i ka hookahi dala. Ka mea ana i ke koko a me ka buccal epithelium (haukaʻe, a ua laweʻia mai o ka loko o nā pāpālina). Ka mea, ua maopopo i keia ina hana mea i hewa ole, a kokoke painless.

pono nīnūnē

A helu o ka poe kakaolelo manaoio i ka hanaia ana o ka'ōnaehana ec i ka fingerprint a aaiaoe mea hewa,ʻaʻole wale nō akā, i ano o kānāwai-noho kanaka, mea ku ei ke kumu kahua o nā pono kīvila, ma ka hihia o ka coercion e undergo kēia mau kaʻina hana. Ma kekahi mau mea e hopohopo nei mea he hiki wanaao ae-i loko o ka hookahi hōkeoʻikepili, a makemake entail ke aliiwahine ke kōkua o ke anamanaʻo ike, e like me ka DNA profiling - keia mea he DNA palapala holo'āina'ē maoli, a me ka 'ike e ole pono e i loko o ka lehulehu kikowaena.

Eia hou, ke ohi, a ikaika aku i hōʻano hou 'o ia i kekahi hōkeoʻikepili - he loa pipiʻi makemake, a me na koina eʻae nō hoʻi haule ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ka poʻe uku. E like me ka lahui a me ka Lūkini hana, ka mea i ano e kali i ka kaiapili o na kanaka no ka mea fingerprinting e undergo haʻahaʻa koa nā limahana, kānāwai mākaʻi keʻena ma lalo nei, na kauwa, a, o ka papa, hoahewa ia paha e lawelawe ana hoʻomalu hopu i. No ka mea koena o ke kaʻina hana o ka fingerprinting a haawi o aaiaoe mea pono e pololei ka naau mai.