Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin: A Kawaihae a me ka hana

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, kona Kawaihae ua haawiia mai ia ma lalo nei, - haku mele, unuhi, playwright a me ... Kiaaina. Makahiki o kona ola - 1743-1816. heluhelu i kēia 'atikala ma hope, oe e aʻo e pili ana i kēia mau, ao ke ano o na hana o keia nunui-loea kanaka e like Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Kona Kawaihae e e inā a he nui nā hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo.

me Kinohi

Gavriil Romanovich Ua hānauʻia ma Kazan i ka 1743. Here ma Karmachi kauhale i ka ohana waiwai o kona 'ohana. Ua hala aku i kona wā kamaliʻi i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele. Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich 'ohana i ole waiwai, hanohano ohana. Gavriil Romanovich lilo i kona makua kāne, Roman Nikolaevich, ka poe i malama ia e like me he kumu nui. Kona makuahine ua Andreevna Thekla (Nee - Kozlov). Interestingly, ka Derzhavin mea he mamo Bagrima, Tatar alii, ka mea i ua hoʻokuke akula, mai ka iā Goga nui i loko o ka 15th kenekulia.

Education i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, hana i loko o ka regiment

I ka 1757, ua komo i ka Kazan gymnasium Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Kona Kawaihae nei manawa i keia manawa paha ma ka ikaika a me ka make wai no ka ike. He ua he haumāna maikaʻi, akā, ua hiki ole ke hoopau i ke aʻo. Ka mea i loko o Feberuari 1762 i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele i kiiia ai i St. Petersburg. Ua Ua ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hoopahaohaoia'na Regiment. Derzhavin hoomaka ae hana e like me ka maʻamau koa. He paʻa ia ma kona regiment 10 makahiki, a mai 1772 ia i malamaia e like me ka luna. Ua ua ike ia Derzhavin i ka 1773-74 makahiki. He i ka uhi o ka hapa kipi o Pugachev, e like me ia ma ka hale coup, i a Ana II pii i ka noho aliʻi.

Social a me ka palapala, ai 'kaulana

Social a me ka palapala, ai kaulana i Gavriil Romanovich hele mai i ka 1782. Ua Ua laila paʻi i kona kaulana ode "Felitsa" me ka hoomaikai aku i ka Empress. Derzhavin, wela ma ke ano maoli, pinepine no ka mea, o ko lākou incontinence i hihia i loko o ke ola. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i mālama keʻena a me ka ikaika i ka hana, mea i mau hookipa ana.

Derzhavin i ke alii kiaaina ana o Olonets'āina a pau

Ma ka manao paa o ka empress i ka 1773 Olonets mokuna i hanaia. Ua oia mai o kekahi kalana a me na okana elua. I ka 1776 Novgorod governorship i hana, a oia no elua mau mea - Olonetsk a me Novgorod. Ka mua kia'āina o Olonets lilo Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Kona Kawaihae i loko o nā makahiki, e hele mai e pili me ka hoʻomalu hana i loko o kēia kuleana kūlana. Ia ma lalo o ke kānāwai auhau ia lakou i ka loa laulā huahelu o kuleana. Gavriil Romanovich i ke kiai pehea kanawai e hookoia, a me ka hana ana o ke koena o na luna aupuni. No ka Derzhavin, nae, ia mea,ʻaʻole he paʻakikī. He manaoio aku ia wale Amerka pilina o kēlā me kēia i ka hana a me kaʻaeʻana luna hilinai lawe mai ana mea i ka pā hale, a me ka kūloko aupuni.

Subordinated kulanui i loko o ka mahina ma hope o ka'āina kumu, ua ike o ka mea i 'aʻe i ke kānāwai, e loa e hoopaiia na kanaka a pau i loko o ka hana ana o ka moku'āina, a, i hiki i ka deprivation o ke' lii a me ka wahi. Relentlessly ho'āʻo nei e hoʻihoʻi mea i loko o kona mokuna Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Makahiki o kona ola ana i keia manawa paha ma ke kaua e kū'ē i ka palaho. Naʻe, i kēia alakaʻi wale i kāna hana e lawelawe a me nā hoa pāonioni ma me ka waiwai.

Governorship ma Tambov mokuna

Ana II ma December 1785, hoopukaia ka olelo paa ma ke koho ana i ka lāʻau kū o ka kia'āina o Derzhavin manawa Tambov panalaau. He hiki ilaila 4 ma luna o Maraki 1786 makahiki.

Ma Tambov panalaau Gavriil Romanovich loaʻa i loko o piha disarray. Lau Mokuna hoʻololi no ka 6 makahiki o kona ola. Ma na hihia i kaʻai, ka mea, i ole, ua ho'ākāka 'ia palena'āina a pau. Nunui nui hiki arrears. Hākilo loa i manao ai ka nele o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka a pau, a oi loa aku hoi i ka hanohano.

Gavriil Romanovich wehe no ka opiopio makemakika papa, grammar, anahonua, e hoolea ana a me ka haa ana. Theological Kulanui 'o, a ma Betelehema ka pakaua School i ka ike ilihune loa. Gabriel Derzhavin Hoʻoholo ihola e wehe i ka hale o Iona Borodin, he kūloko kālepa, kula aupuni. Moʻolelo keaka wale hana ana i haawi mai ai i loko o ka hale o ke alii kiaaina o, a koke hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i ka hale kiaka. Pēlā i hāʻawi mai ai no ka aina o Tambov Derzhavin i,ʻaʻole mākou e helu ia a pau. Kona ha awina i waihoia i ke kahua no ka hooulu ana i ka māhele 'āina.

Nā kenekoa Naryshkin a Vorontsov hele mai, e hooia i ke kahua ma ka Tambov mokuna. Like ahuwale i ka hana hou i Derzhavin ma September 1787 i hookoia ka honorary hoʻolilo - i ka Papa Hanohano o Vladimir o ke kolu o ka degere.

E like me ka mea i kuuia mai Derzhavin

Eia naʻe, e holumua ai ha awina Gavriil Romanovich ma ka oihanaʻalo me ka pono o ka kūloko ano hanohano, a me na landowners. Eia hou kekahi, IV Gudovich, ke Kiaaina-nui, lilo iho la ia ma nā mea a pau i kāna hana ma kaʻaoʻao pili i uhi, ma ka huli, i ka i nā crooks a me ka powa.

Derzhavin ho'āʻo e hoʻopaʻi Dulova, i ka haku hale, ka mea i kauoha aku la e hahau no ka haʻahaʻa hewa pastushonka. Naʻe, ua ho'āʻo moku, a me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha i ke kiaaina ma ka moku'āina landowners ikaika ae la. Hoao futile a Gavriil Romanovich hana e lawelawe alaplpa i ka aihue ana o kekahi kūloko kālepa Borodin, ka poe hoopunipuni i ka waihona kālā, haawi kūkuluʻia pohakulepo, a laila, ma luna o noho lakou malaila olelo no ka moku'āina loaa i ka waina mahiʻai.

A pau i ka'ōlelo'alapahi māhuahua pele o ka hoopii, hoike ma Derzhavin. I January 1789 Ua hoʻokuʻuʻo ia mai kona wahi. Nui pōmaikaʻi ai i ka'āina i lawe mai ai i kona pōkole haʻawina.

E hoʻi i ka kapikala, hoʻomalu hana

I ka hookahi makahiki Derzhavin hoi aku la i ke kulanakauhale alii. He ua paʻa likeʻole hoʻomalu kulanaʻaneʻi. I ka Ia manawa, Gavriil Romanovich hoʻomau i ke komo i loko o moʻokalaleo, e pili ana odes (hou e pili ana i kana hana, e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i hope).

Ua kohoia Derzhavin moku'āina puuku ma lalo o Paul I. naʻe,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i kiʻi a me keia luna, no ka mea, o ka maʻa, i hana i kona, Gavriil Romanovich i loko o kā lākou mau hōʻike pinepine hoohiki a me ka hawawa koʻu. Alexander I, i pomaikai ae la lakou ia Paulo i i i waiho me ka hoolohe Derzhavin, e hoolilo ana ia ia i ke Kuhina o Lunakanawai. Akā, i ka makahiki ma hope i hoʻokuʻu i ka haku mele, no ka mea, ua hookauwa aku ka mea, "ua hu mai ko lakou." I ka 1809, ua hoʻokuʻu Gavriil Romanovich mai a pau hoʻomalu pou kāinoa mua definitively.

ʻike hoʻokumu Derzhavina

Russian poetry i Gavriil Romanovich ua 'anoʻike mau. Derzhavin nui hoʻonuiʻia aku theme like. Ano, ua kekahiʻano o ka hana o ka poetry, mai ka hōʻuluʻulu ode i na mea mele. Ua hoi o ka lahuikanaka o ka mua Lyricsʻikeʻia ke kiʻi o ka mea kākau, i mea, i ke kanaka o ka haku mele. Derzhavin manaoio i pono i i ke kiʻekiʻe ma muli ma ka oiaio o ka ke akamai. Ua hiki wale wehewehe i ka haku mele. Ma keia hihia, no ka hiki e ka Mohai o ke 'ano wale nō ka wā e mea hiki, e hoʻokokoke aku i ka comprehension o ko ke ao nei, e ao i ka noho pono ana o kanaka, a me kā lākou mahele. Derzhavin noʻonoʻo i ka mooolelo o Sumarokov a me Lomonosov. He nui kāna hana i loko o ka moolelo o Lūkini classicism.

Manao no ka mea haku mele Derzhavin - kēlā lawehala hana ino ana a me ka mahalo nui. No ka laʻana, ma ka ode "Felitsa" Gavriil Romanovich glorifies naʻauao Hawaiʻi i loko o ka kanaka o Ana II. I ka maikaʻi, akamai Empress Akä naÿe no ia ma keia hana p', a me ka'ālunu o ke alo o na'lii.

Kona talena ma luna o kona poetry Derzhavin nana aku la au me ka mea hana i haawiia mai ai i ka haku mele hou ma mua, e loaa i ke kaua kālai'āina. Gavriil Romanovich a hiki i "ki" i kana mau hana - piha commentary, i olelo mai ai ka hanana alakai aku ai i ka muli o kekahi a me kekahi o ia mau mea.

Me ka Zvanka a me ka mea mua ka leo o na hana

Derzhavin i ka 1797 Kuai o ka waiwai Zvanka, a paa ia no kekahi mau mahina kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua i loko o ka aʻe makahiki ka mea, ikea mai la ka buke mua o na hana o Gavriil Romanovich. Ua nā poem, immortalized i kona inoa: ". Ma ka Makeʻana o Prince Meshchersky" "I ka hanau ana o ke keiki porfirorodnogo" ode "Ma ka hopu ana o Isemaela", "ke Akua", "ka wailele", "grandee", "Bullfinch".

Hana keaka Derzhavina komo 'ana i loko o ka palapala, ai' kaiapili

Ma luna o kona hoʻomaha,ʻo ia ua kokoke loa laʻa i kona ola hana keaka Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Konaʻike hoʻokumu ma keia ala e hiki aku ua pili i ka hana ana o kekahi mau keaka mele librettos, a me ka i kēia pōʻino nui:. "Ka Dark," "Eupraxia", "Herode a me Mariamne" Mai ka 1807 o ka haku mele i loko o ka palapala, ai 'kaiapili o hana mai i hope i hana i ka hui, kiʻi hou kaulana kaʻeleu loa. Ua Ua kapaia "Tricks o ka Russian olelo". I kana hana "e kamailio nei ma ka lyric poetry a me ka ode" summed i kona mau palapala, ai 'ka hoao ana Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. ʻike hoʻokumu mea ikaika i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o ka 'ōlelo noʻeau i loko o ko kakou aina. Nui na haku mele i alakaʻiʻia e ia.

Derzhavin ka make a me ka hopena o kona mau koe

No laila, ua haʻi 'oe e pili ana i keia nui kanaka me Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo e pili ana ia, ka makakū'āina hoʻoili - ka mea, i nā mea a pau uhi i loko o kēia' atikala. Ka mea, koe wale no ka hōʻike e pili ana i ka make ana o Derzhavin, a e pili ana i ka hopena o kona mau i koe, a i ole maʻalahi. Wale laila, ua hiki ke kuhi ana i ka pepa, Kawaihae piha Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, albeit pokole ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia.

Derzhavin make i loko o kona waiwai Zvanka i ka 1816. Ua hoounaia mai i ka Volkhov i ka pahu me kona kino ma luna o ka moku. Ka haku mele i loaʻa i kona noho wahi hope i loko o ka Hemolele hoopahaohaoia'na Hale Pule Nui kokoke Veliky Novgorod. Keia Hale Pule Nui ua aia ma luna o ka ?? eoi? Varlaamo-Khutyn hoailona. Here la oia i kanu, a me kana wahine Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, Darya Alekseevna.

Ua luku aku i na hoailona ma ka Nui Patriotic War. Hale kupapaʻu Derzhavin i waiho wale aku no. Reburial Gavriil Romanovich a me Darya Alekseevna i wahi i ka 1959. Ka mea, Ua hoolilo ia Novgorod Kremlin. I e pili ana me ka 250th lā hoʻomanaʻo o Derzhavin i ka 1993 i hoi i ka i koe iho o ka haku mele i Varlaamo-Khutyn hoailona.

Ma nā kula mea ole ulia, a hiki i kēia lā, aia nō ia i ka haku mele me Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Kawaihae, a hana ia mea nui,ʻaʻole wale mai i ka noʻeau, akā, no hoi me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻoi o ka nānaina. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka oiaio hai aku ai ma ka Derzhavin, mau loa.