Genres sentimentalism. Hiʻona o ka sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo

Genres sentimentalism, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka panina-mika, i kapaʻia ka mea heluhelu i ka ike o ke ano o kanaka manaʻo, i kona ano maoli a me ke ano o na moku'āina, e merge me ka ano. A ina classicism hoomana aku la ia wale nō kumu, ole e nei i loko o nā mea a pau ke kūpili, ka'ōnaehana (e like me ke kumumanaʻo o ka poetry Boileau), he artist-sentimentalist ua noa i loko o ke ano o kona hua'ōlelo, i ka holo ana o ka manaʻo. Hânau 'ia i keakea e kue kumu dryness hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka mālamalama, a pau Huli i ka sentimentalism mea ole ka mea e loaʻa mai i ka nohona, a me ka ua i ka hohonu o ka uhane lawe mai, mai kona lalo.

Kāʻei kua o sentimentalism

ua hina iho la Absolutist feudal? eia i loko o ka hiamoe nui hoʻoponopono ulia. I wahi o ka lawelawe cia hele mai cia, puni iho la ka ia ma ke kanaka kanaka, me ka vsesoslovnoy. Sentimentalism - i ka ho'ākāka 'ana i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka olelo la i ka widest strata o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka ikaika Anati-feudal fervor.

Ke kolu o ka waiwai, ka waiwai viability, akā, socially a politically powerless, uaʻoi loa aku i ka aristocracy, a me ka clergy. Ua i laila, i loko o ke kolu o ka papa, a ua hanau i ke kaulana: "Liberty, e hoʻokolokolo pono, fraternity" - a lilo i ka slogan o nā mea a pau Hope. Social moʻomeheu o ke kaiāulu kanaka, ninau mai la democratization.

Rationalist worldview hoʻoikaika postulate i ka primacy o ka manaʻo, ma keia hope aku i ka ideological ulia. Piha aupuni mō'ī i heʻano o ka moku'āina 'ole hāʻule i loko o ka palaho. Ka manaʻo o Hawaiʻi discredited i ka manaʻo o ka naʻauao Mō'ī - no hoi no ka mea, aneane ole kekahi, aole hoi i ka mea'ē aʻe i i hālāwai me na mea e pono ai maoli o ke kaiāulu.

naʻi aupuni moʻomeheu

I ka manawa kūpono o ka bourgeoisie ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 18th kenekulia i māhuahua nei, ua nui ia ia i hoomaka ai e dictate hua'ōlelo i nā mea a pau nā papa, o ka oi aku ma moʻomeheu. I kekahi poʻe kākoʻo iā ia i nā manaʻo o ka holomua, ua haawi mai ia i ka moʻokalaleo a me ke akamai.

Eia hoʻi, ka mea, ua noho ma kā lākou mau 'elele o ko lākou mau papa: Rousseau -' ohana watchmaker, Voltaire - notary Diderot - artisan ... About na Artists, a hoomanao aole mea ole ke aloha, no ka mea, e pau loa ia i ke kolu o ka waiwai, a me n? Wale nō.

I ka pau nāʻoihana a pau o ke kaiāulu no ka 18th kenekulia kemokalaka olelo la ulu ma ka lele pūʻana a me ka pale a,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka Apana Estate. Mau olelo la, a koi i ka weuweu hoʻomāʻikeʻike wale 'ē aʻe meʻe, hana aku ana a me ka hou ka waiʻona ma ke. Eia naʻe Huli i ka sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo malihini, ole lakou. Elegiac poetry, epistolary Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo, memoirs - a pau i ike lōʻihiʻano a piha me ka hou maʻiʻo.

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo

Like i kekahi koho no ka loina o ka mālamalama rationalist akeakamai a mao ae kekahi mea o ka pokole o ke ao nei: mai, manao iho, a me ka naau, i ka mea, Ua haawiia no ka waeʻano o ka waiʻona ma ke a me ka naʻau. Moʻokalaleo - o ke kula i ulu a pau Huli i ka sentimentalism.

Sentimentalists manaoio aku i ke kanaka ma ke ano maoli o ia e malihini ke akahele a me ka rationality, ia mea kokoke i ka 'āina, i mea e hoʻonaʻauaoʻia ai ka makaukau i hāʻawi mai pahale lokahi. Pono pono e maoli, ka mea, kakau iho la, a ma ke degere kiʻekiʻe o ka pā lonoaʻili o ke kanaka wale nō ke kiʻi maoli ka pomaikai. pastoral, idyllic, hele, pilikino diaries a palapala: Ka papa kuhikuhiE Huli i o ka sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo, a nolaila, i ma luna o ke kumu o ka intimacy koho.

Reliance ma maoli hoʻomaka (An Education) , a noho i loko o ka 'āina - ma ka maoli - kēia mau mea o nā kiaʻelua ma luna a i ka nānā' ana a pau Huli i ka sentimentalism.

E noa ka a me ka nohona kanaka, ka moku'āina, hui, mōʻaukala, hoʻonaʻauao - i kēia mau hua'ōlelo i ka laina me ka sentimentalism ka hapanui kahi e. Holomua like me ka hookumu ana ma luna i ka mālamalama i kūkuluʻia e kānakaʻepekema, a lexicographer, ua sochton hoʻokali kūpono 'a me ka loa nā palapala, a me nā mea a pau hoikeana o ka noho maikai ana - disastrous no ka manaʻo kanaka. Ke cult kaumaha i ka palena iki o ke kula kua'āina ola, e like me ka pono me ka i kā mākou - he ola o primitive a me ka hihiu like hiki.

'ōlohe wiwo moʻolelo o ka Huli i hope o ka sentimentalism,ʻaʻole kahi hookahi. Kela la i keia, na mea nā manaʻo piha ia. Ma kahi o ka aahu Emotions, kaua hewa a me ka hana pono o ka sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo o ka 18th kenekulia hōʻike i ka maemae o Emotions a me richness o ka pā honua i ka awelika kanaka. Loa pinepine, he kanaka maoli o ke kolu o ka waiwai, i ke kumu o ka manawa i aole mea haʻahaʻa. Sentimentalism, i ka ho'ākāka 'ana i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka kemokalaka pathos, loa e hoole i ke kūlana kilakila i hookauia iho ma ka noho maikai ana.

Na lilo o ka honua o ka ke kanaka: kekahi manao

I ko makou manao i ke au i ka mālamalama, he hou au ua maopopo leʻa i hele loihi, mai na kumu mua hoʻonaʻauao. Eia naʻe, sentimentalism a me Classicism ma ka moʻokalaleo hoopuni maopopo: mai classicists kākau moʻolelo kekahi henua ano, ma ka ano - i ka predominance o kekahi i kekahi hiʻona ka obligatory pono loiloi '.

Sentimentalists i hoike mai i ka meʻe me ke kanaka, a me ka inexhaustible hoopaapaa. He hiki hui pu iho la me ka ano akamai a me ka villainy, no ka mea, mai ka hanau ana a hiki i kona hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka pono a me ka hewa. A me ke ano maoli - he maikai hoʻomaka, ka noho - ka hewa. Monosyllabic helu pinepine, aole i pono i ka hana meʻe sentimental hana. Ua hiki pono ia i ka manaʻoʻino, akā, nikogoda piha aupuni, no ka mea,ʻo ia mau mea i ka manawa e hoʻolohe 'ano a me ka hoʻi a hiki i ke alanui o ka lokomaikai.

Eia keia didacticism, a me kekahi manawa biased, a me ka sentimentalism pili paa i ke au o kona ole.

Ke cult o ke aloha a me ka subjectivity

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Huli i o ka sentimentalism mea nui nā i ke kumuhana, ma keia ala e hiki i ka nui loa ana hōʻike i ka neʻeʻana o ke kanaka naau mea. Kēia mea he puke ma ka palapala, o ka mele kanikau, diaries, memoirs a me nā mea a pau e leie aku oe, e olelo aku i loko o ke kanaka mua.

Ka mea kākau ua i kau mai ka mea ia ia ho, a me kona mau manaʻo - ka hehee aiʻano nui o ka moʻolelo. Ke kanu'ōiwi Ua hoi oi noa ka palapala, ai canons mai i ka ululāʻau, manaʻo, ka haku mele 'ana o ākeʻakeʻa kumu, a me kekahi helu o lyrical waleʻana.

Hânau 'ia i loko o ka lua o ka makahiki ma na kapakai oʻEnelani, i ka papa kuhikuhiE Huli i o sentimentalism i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia i ka pua maʻEulopa. Ka hapanui maopopo - ma Enelani, Farani, Kelemania, a Rusia.

Enelani

Nā Lyrics o ka mua i hoʻokomo 'ana i kā lākou mau laina nā hiʻona sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo. Ke brightest 'elele: he follower o ka panina theorist Nikola Bualo - Dzheyms Tomson, ka mea i hoolilo i kona Englishʻano mele kanikau, piha ka pessimism; mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka "ilina" o poetics Edward Jung; kākoʻo i ka theme like Scot Robert Blair ka poem "lua" a me Thomas Hinahina me ka mele kanikau i hakuʻia e ke kauhale ilina. A pau o kēia kākau o ka manaʻo o ka like ana o kanaka ma mua o kona makeʻana.

Alaila, - a maikai - hiʻona sentimentalismʻikeʻia ma ka moʻokalaleo Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo puke. Samuel Richardson decisively wawahi ae la me ka moolelo o ka hoike ia, hoike ia ia a me ka picaresque puke, kākau i ka puke ma ka palapala. "E ka Makua," i ka olelo o Lourens Stern hoomaka ma hope o ka haku i ka puke "A Sentimental Holoʻana Ma Farani a me Italy, Mr. Yorick", a haawi aku i ka inoa i ka olelo. I ka piko o ka pilikia English sentimentalism ua manaoia e e hana o Oliver hana gula.

France

Ka loa Classic ano o ka sentimentalism ua ike ia ma ke kolu o ka mua o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia ma Farani. De Marivaux ua i ka loa hoʻomaka o keia Aina, hōʻike no ke ola o Marianne a me ke kua'āina, a i hookuu ia i loko o kanaka. Ka Abbe Prevost lako oukou i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ko i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka moʻokalaleo - he kuko i alakai aku ai i ka poino.

Ke culmination o ka sentimentalism ma Farani - Jean-Zhak Russo me kona epistolary novels. Nature ma kana mau hana, he waiwai i loko ona iho, ma kona ano maoli kanaka. Ka puke "Confessions" - hoikeana nova iho i loko o ke ao nei moʻokalaleo.

De Saint-Pierre, he haumāna o Rousseau, wahi a kākoʻo mai o ka oiaio, a hai aku i ka nui Huli i o sentimentalism: i ka pomaikai ana o ke kanaka me ka lokahi me ka ano a me ka maemae. He mua mai i ka flowering o ka "mea lahaʻole" ma ka romanticism, depicting he aina Tropical o ka loihi mai kai.

Nō hoʻi, mai lawe kulana ukali Rousseau a me ZH.-S. Mercier, e hookuke i ka puke "Ka Savage" primitive (maikaʻi) a me civilizational ano o ke ola. Na hua o ka noho maikai ana Mercier hoakakaia me ka publicist i loko o "nā kiʻi o Paris."

Mea kākau-ao mai la ka'Aroda: Breton (elua haneri hana puke!) One o na ukali loa kupaʻa o Rousseau. He palapala iho e pili ana i ka luku hoʻokiwikā 'ia e huli i loko o ka lawehala, pono a me ka maʻemaʻe kanaka opiopio, a ana no i ka manaʻo o nā kiʻina aʻo ma ka olelo o na wahine o ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana a me ka upbringing.

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka Hope hiʻona sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo maoli ai nalowale. Genres sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo waiwai e hou realities.

Germany

A hou nānā i moʻokalaleo ma Kelemania, i alakaʻi ai G.-E. Lessing. Ua pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana me ka hakakā Zurich University Kumu Bodmer a me Johann Jakob Breitinger me ka ardent kākoʻo iā ia, o ka classicism - German Gottsched. The Hawaiian kaua no ka poetic manaʻo, akā, me ka Kelemānia i ole ana.

F.-G. Klopstock Ua hooikaika mai i ke kulana o ka sentimentalism hoʻohana nā loina medieval Germanic waha hoopuni intertwined me ka manaʻo o ka naʻau Kelemānia. Akā, i ka heyday o Kelemānia sentimentalism hele wale ma na seventies o ka 18th kenekulia ma ka pili ana i ka hana ma o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ke aupuni paha, ka 'me Moʻolelo i komo i loko o ka neʻeʻana "Sturm und Drang".

I keia au, a JW i loko o kona wa opiopio Goethe. "Ana i na kaumaha o Young Werther," Goethe ninini moku'āina German moʻokalaleo ma ka ipu-Europa. Ahuwale ole o "Sturm und Drang" a me ka hana keaka i I.-F. Schiller.

Rusia

Russian sentimentalism weheia Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Karamzinym - "palapala o ka Lūkini hele", "poe ilihune Liza" - na masterpieces o sentimental Ana Aina. Pā lonoaʻili, maaweawe, makemake no he pepehi anaʻia iā iho - ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka sentimentalism ma ka moʻokalaleo - ma Karamzin hui me ka nui no hoi na HOU. He lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka pae ana o Lūkini moʻolelo, ka poe i kaua aku ma mua i ke archaic grandiloquent syllable, a me ka hou poetic 'ōlelo. I keia hui e pili ana i II Dmitriev, VA Zhukovsky a me na mea e ae.