Gyustav Eyfel: Kawaihae, kiʻi. Na alahaka Gustave Eiffel

I ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia loa deservedly loaa i ke kūlana o ke gula wā i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka hana 'enekinia. Ua aie He poʻe akamai nui kona hale ho i koe i ka ua milestone moʻolelo. Alexander Gyustav Eyfel na mea e noho lā iʻikeʻia e like me ka mea nāna i hana o ka hale kiaʻi kaulana ma Palika. Mau kanaka ike i ka waiwai nui loa o ke olaʻo ia i noho ai a me ka hana nui hou poʻokela? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia. oi o ka aʻo e pili ana i kēia nā kānakaʻenehana nui a me ka poʻe akamai e.

Kamalii mai, a Education

Gyustav Eyfel Ua hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1832 ma Dijon, a ua ke aupuni 'o Burgundy. Kona makua kāne loa ana ulu hua waina ma luna o lākou nui kalana. Akā, Gustave i makemake ole i ka i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i ko lākou ola i ka mahiai a me kia-aʻo ma ka kūloko kiʻekiʻe kula, ua komo i ka Paris Ecole Polytechnique. Ma hope o këia ma laila no ka makahiki ekolu, i ka wā e hiki mai akamai hele aku la i ke Kula o Arts a me Fashion Central. I ka 1855, Gyustav Eyfel puka 'o ia.

koke 'oihana

I ia manawa, 'enekinia, i manaoia koho papa, no laila, opiopio akamai i ka' oihana ma ka poʻe i hana i loko o ke ana a me ka? Ieoaeunoai o na alahaka. I ka makahiki 1858, Gyustav Eyfel papahana i kona alahaka mua. Kēia papahana hiki ole ke kapaia typical, e like me ka koena o kona poʻe akamai ha awina. I ka wahie ikaika mana, i ke kanaka e kaumaha ia mau mea i loko o ka lalo o ka dent ma ka mea o ka neaa kaomi. I ka lā, i kēia iaoia ua kākaʻikahi ia, e like me ka pono o ka nui oaoieei-aʻo.

I mea e pololei i ka puʻu ma ka hohonu o ka 25 mika, Eiffel i e manao he kūikawā hoʻoluku. A hiki i ke alahaka i ana i kūkulu, Gustave Ua ike me ka lunaʻenehana alahaka hana. Over ka iwakālua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana,ʻo ia ua papahana nui okoa? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia, a me ka mea nui loa kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, i loaʻa i ke alahaka Bir Akeym, Pont Alexandre III o, ka Eiffel Tower, a oi.

An loaʻa kekahi nānaina

Ma kona hana, ka Eifel mau ho'āʻo e hele mai me ka mea kū hoʻokahi, i makemake ole alleviate wale ka plight o ka poʻe akamai a me ka poʻe kūkulu hale, akā, i hana i ka pono na makana no ka hana. E pili ana i kona alahaka mua, Gyustav Eyfel hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ka hana o bulky scaffolding. Ua kūkulu nunui kila e pio mai uapo ma mua ma luna o ka pali. A e waiho ia ma ka wahi, ke akamai e pono ai wale kekahi kila uwea i lalau ma waena o nā kapa elua o ka muliwai. Kēia papa hana, hoomaka ae la e e hoopili universally, akā, wale 50 makahiki ma hope o ka mea i invented ma ka Eifel.

Alahaka no Tyuyer

Na alahaka i mau ku e Gustave Eiffel, akā, i waena o lākou i laila, a hana Kamehameha nā papahana. Kēia loaʻa he viaduct kukuluia ma Tyuyer muliwai. Ke ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka papahana moe i loko o ka mea ana a pau e ku ana ma ke kahua o ka mauna gorge 165 mau mika hohonu. A Eiffel olelo, e kūkulu i ka viaduct la kekahi mau hou nā kānakaʻenehana, akā, hoole mai la lakou a pau. He kaumaha e uhi i ka nui gorge e pio mai kākoʻo no ka i makemake hookauwa mau pōhaku puna pylons.

E pio oia i mau halves i e hoʻolako ai i kekahi i kekahi me ka pololei o ka tenths o ka millimeter. Ke alahaka i ka Eifel maikai loa kula. He loaa invaluable ka hoao ana, a ua manaʻo lākou ola a me ka 'oihana alakaʻi.

Together me ka hui o nā kānakaʻenehana Gustave nui kekahi hanana iaoia i leie aku, e hoʻomaulia i ka mea hao me nā hale o ka aneane kekahi hoʻonohonohoʻia. Kūkulu i kekahi alahaka ma Tyuyer, meʻe o ko mākou moʻolelo i i hanalima manao exhibition ma Paris, a ua ia e paa i ka 1878.

"Hall o Machines"

Together me ka mea kaulana Palani lunaʻenehana de Ka Dion Eiffel papahana i ka nani hale, a ua kapaia "ka Hall o ka hana." mea i manao ai lōʻihi i 420, i ka laula, - 115, a me ke kiekie - 45 mau mika. Building haka ai haku o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kedera openwork palapala, a malama i ke aniani uhi hana hoihoi hoʻonohonohoʻia.

Ka wā o nā alakaʻi o ka hui, a i e paʻi i ka Eiffel papahana i loko o ke ola,ʻike me kona manao, Aole lakou i hoomanao ia e like me ka mea hiki ole i. Ka mua mea i make koke ia, - ka mea i loko o ia mau lā o nā hale o kēia nui i ole nei. Aka hoi, i ka "Hall o machines" nō i kūkuluʻia, e hali aku ana i ka 'aʻa' akamai i hookoia ka Gold Keʻokeʻo no ka poʻokela oaoieei-pāʻoihana. Eia naʻe, 'oe, a au hiki ole ike i ka Hawaii photo o keia hana hoihoi kūkuluʻia, mai ka 1910 ka mea i dismantled.

Ka manao "mīkini lumi" loa hilinaʻi ma luna o ka pōhaku puna pale, kŘpa a uuku. Kēia papa hana kokua mai i ka pale aku deformations i inevitably hana ma muli o ka maoli lepo pohupani hale. Ke akamai hoi i ke akamai nui noi i loko o kā lākou papahana hou a me ka hou.

I ka hale kiai, i hiki ole e

I ka 1898, ma ka anticipation o ka hiki Paris Exhibition, Gyustav Eyfel, a kukulu iho la i hale kiai kiekie o 300 mau mika. E like me ka lunaʻenehana ka manaʻo, ka mea, ua i lilo i kuhikuhipuʻuone Hoʻohaku o ke kaona exhibition. I ia manawa, hiki i ke akamai hiki i noonoo ai i na mea i kēia hale kiaʻi e ia i kekahi o na ki hōʻailona o Paris, a hoonani alahaka kukulu no kenekulia ma hope o kona make ana. Ma ulu keia manao, ka Eifel hou pili i kona tālena, a i oi aku mamua o kekahi puka. I ka hale kiai ninoieo a lahilahi metala wahi, a e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi ma rivets. Translucentʻano o ka hale kiaʻi i ka mea hovers ma luna o ke kūlanakauhale.

He paʻakikī e manao wale, akā,'ānō,ʻaʻole e hiki i ka papa kuhikuhiE Parisian Hawaii. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1888, he mahina ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kūkulu hana ma luna o ka hana, a hiki i ka Luna hoomalu o ka exhibition kōmike ka inoa i palapala kue. Ua ua i ka pae ana o Artists a me nā kākau moʻolelo. Ka mea, Ua noi e haawi mai i ka hana o ka hale kaua, e like me ka mea i luku aku i ka ninau panorama o ka Palani kulanakauhale alii.

A laila, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana T. Alphand credibly? Aaeaaaaony i ka Eiffel papahana, ua nuiʻia, a hiki lilo ole wale i kī huahelu i loko o ka exhibition, akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE attraction o Paris. A i ka wa i emi ma mua o nā makahiki ma hope me ka papahana akamai, ka poe i ka maʻa a noʻonoʻo uncommon, aʻaʻole e makau i aa olelo hooholo i ka hana o ke kulanakauhale kilohana i pili. Ia ia iho i ka lunaʻenehana kapaia kona hanaia'na "ka 300-mika hale kiai", akā, ke kaiāulu kanaka, i hookoia aku la ia ia i ka hanohano e e mōʻaukala no na nā paʻi hua, kapa aku la i ka hale kiai kona inoa.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo o Liberty

Mau kanaka ike, akā, ka mea, ua Gyustav Eyfel, i keia la kona Kawaihae mākou i me oe e hoihoi, nae ka longevity o ka hōʻailona 'Amelika - kiʻi o Liberty.

Ua pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana me ka mea i ka Palani constructor i kūkulu o ka hale kiaʻi halawai me kona' Amelika counterpart - i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone T. Bartholdi. Hope i komo i loko o kakau o ka lānai 'Amelika i ka exhibition. Exhibition oaio? Ua e ia he uuku kiʻi o ke keleawe, i poe kuokoa.

Ma hope o ka exhibition, ka Palani mahuahua ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ke kiekie o ka 93 mika, a haawi mai la ia ia Amerika. Naʻe, i ka wa o ka wā e hiki mai kia hiki i ka wahi o ka mea hoʻonoho, ka mea, ua hoʻomaka iholaʻo ia no ka nele i ka mea hoʻonoho i ka ikaika kila kapiliia. Ka mea wale nō lunaʻenehana ka poe i hoomaopopo iho i ka i ka ho omaulia kūpono manao, ua Gyustav Eyfel.

He e hoʻokele i ka hana i kekahi? Aieao maikai no laila, i ke kiʻi, ua waiwai oi ma mua o ka haneri makahiki, a me ka ikaika makani mai ka moana a hiki i kona ole. A i kekahi mau makahiki aku nei, i ka hōʻailona Amelika i hoihoi hou ia, ka mea i hooholoia, e kaha i ka Eiffel hoʻomaulia hoʻohanaʻiʻo nō o kēia kamepiula papahana. Surprisingly, ka mea i manaoia? Aieao i lunaʻenehana pono coincided me ke kumu hoʻohālike, a? Ac? E ka mīkini.

keʻena hoʻokolohua

Ma hope o ka pomaikai hiki ole ma nā nā hōʻike o ko mākou meʻe hoʻoholo i ka'ōlelo i ka hohonu, i ka hana noiʻi. Ma ke kulanakauhale o Auteuil, oia mua i hana mai o kekahi mea i loko o ka honua keʻena hoʻokolohua këia i ka hopena o ka makani ma luna o ka ia'ku o kekahi mau hale. Eiffel i ke ao nei ka mua lunaʻenehana, ka mea i hoʻohana i ka makani tunnel haʻawina. Nā hopena o kana hana paʻiʻia i loko o ke akamai hopena o nā paepae kahua hana. A hiki i kēia lā ka mea noʻonoʻo i ka ulu ana o ka puke noiʻi kūʻikena o ka hana 'enekinia.

ka hopena

No laila, ua e ike i kekahi mea, ke ole Paris hale kiai, kaulana Gyustav Eyfel. Photo o kona mau puke i haku ai dazzle a e oe manaʻo e pili ana i ke kanaka nui, a me ka palahalaha nā papaha o ko mākou naʻau. Akā, ma ka hoʻomaka o ka Eifel ua he kino akamai o na alahaka, kona manaʻo ua ulu nō keʻano bewilderment nā hoapili. Maopopo leʻa mea hoʻokomo aku i ka moʻolelo.