He aha hoʻoholo i ke kaʻina o nā kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena cii? High-kiʻekiʻena kāʻei o ka Caucasus

Ka 'ole o ka altitudinal cii o ka Caucasus - ka' oi kelakela ma ka e like me nā Lūkini mauna. E like me ka UNESCO World hoʻoilina poe akamai, ua wehewehe aku ma ke 'ano kupaianaha o geology, aia yeinenoai, a laha' o ka aina, ka mea, na nui apana o undisturbed mauna nahele kū hoʻokahi ma ka Europa pālākiō. ke kumu hoohalike o ke Kiure mauna'ōnaehana, a hoʻoholo i ke kaʻina o nā kiʻekiʻe-ala ciia noonoo. E pehea poʻe hoʻohana mākouʻike i nā kūlana kumu a me ka waiwai o kela mea keia mea o ka vertical cii.

Altitudinal mau hipuu ma na kuahiwi

Vertical oa ?? - a kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena ciia - Geographic kumu, i hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka loli o ke kanu kaiaulu mai na? Uyie aa? A hiki i ka luna. Okoa, mai ka latitu o alternation o maoli, iaono? Ma nā pāpū, a ua kauoha ia e ke emi i loko o ka nui o ka pāhawewe lā, mai ka (Equator) a hiki i na auamo. A piha 'ia paha ka kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena cii ua hōʻike ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, a i aia i loko o ka Kapikoowāea a me ka Tropical cii. Mākou helu a pau e hiki vertical maoli cii (mai ka wāwae a hiki i ka luna):

1. Pulu Kapikoowāea nahele (mai ai i ke kiekie o ka 1200 mau mika).
2. Mountain ululaau.
3. High mauna nahele (3000 m).
4. Undersized, he olonā i laau, laau uuku (i ka 3800 m).
5. Alpine ke kula mauʻu (4500 m).
6. Kahi pohaku wasteland, pa pōhaku.
7. Snow, mauna hauneneʻe.

He aha hoʻoholo i ke kaʻina o nā kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena cii?

Ola ana kiʻekiʻena cii ua wehewehe ma ua hakumakuma o ka wela, puʻe, a me ka humidity me ka hoomahuahua i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe. Air ma ke ala no 1 ei ua ho'ēmiʻia ka awelika o ka 6 ° C. No ka mea, 12 m + o ka kiʻekiʻe i ka lewa puʻe emi o 1 mm o Hg.

Ma na mauna, a i Aia ma kekahi mau mamao mai Kapikoowākea, ka vertical ciie? Oko a me ka nui loa. Ma ka ia ka latitu like i kekahi manawa, ua nui na ano maoli nenoai.

Mākou helu, a hoʻoholo i ke kaʻina o nā kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena cii, na hana hea lakou aloha i ko lakou ho okumu:

• Ke Leeuwerikplein kulana o na kuahiwi. Ua kokoke i ka (Equator), ka mea i oi aku ka vertical cii.
• Kai i hookuu i'ō i ke kaiāulu maoli, a dominates ka puni papu.
• Ke kiekie o ka mauna. Ma mua o ka mea, ua kiekie ae, i ka waiwai 'ia paha o ka hipuu. Ke kapa, mai ka mehana lakikū, a malalo mauna, ka lalo cii (ka North Urals loaʻa nō 1-2 wale).
• Ke koke o na kai, a me ka moana, a ua hanaʻia ma luna o ka mehana a me ka humid ea.
• Kanawai o ke anu a mehana maloo ea nuipa e hele mai ana, mai ka'āinapuniʻole.

Vertical loli o maoli, iaono? I loko o nā mauna o ka Western Caucasus

Aia i kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena kāʻei o ka Caucasus, e pili ana i nā 'ano o ka vertical ciie?: Hawaiian a me ka Hawaiian (kahakai). Ka lua o ua poe i loko o nā mauna o ka Western Caucasus,ʻike piʻi i ka aoao o ka 'Akelanika, humid malina ea.

E helu i ka papa kuhikuhiE kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena kāʻei, mai na? Uyie aa? A hiki i na kuahiwi:

1. Louka hehi interruptible ōpū lāʻauʻoka, hornbeam, lehu (100 m).

2. Forest? Aie.

• Broadleaf montane nahele (i ka 600 m). Kēlā wā i kēia wā coniferous laau (spruce, i loaʻa i loko o keia ciia Haole kaa). Kekahi mau mea e hoohalike ai i ka humid subtropical evergreen undergrowth ma a na kumu waina ulu, laweʻia, yew, Pohon.
• Kāʻei hui ululāʻau (ma luna o 1200 m).
• Dark coniferous nahele kanu.

3. subalpine kekee a me ka poe loihi e grasslands (kiʻekiʻena 2000 m).

4. Na haʻahaʻa-mauu Alpine ke kula mauʻu, waiwai bele, cereal a me ka mamalu mea kanu.

5. nival ciia (ma ke kiekie o 2800-3200 m).

Nivalis Lakina hua'ōlelo unuhi like "me." Ma keia ciia, akā, me ka pohaku, a me ka hau, hau, ma laila nō Alpine mea kanu: buttercups, primroses, plantain a me na mea e ae.

High-kiʻekiʻena oo? O ka hikina mai Caucasus

Ma ka hikina, aia nō kekahi mau 'ē aʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena kāʻei o ka Caucasus, i ua pinepine kapaia Hawaiian paha Dagestan type vertical ciie. Ma na? Uyie aa? O ke kalaka nui-, he pono ole, a i UAIAaIN e maloʻo steppes me ka predominance o nā mauʻu wanawana a me sagebrush. Luna nā ulu lāʻau o xerophytic laau uuku, pohihihi nahele kanu. Next Alpine maoli ciia poe kuahiwi waonahele, grassland cereal. Ma nā kumu o ka loaa ana hapa o ka hua ea o ka 'Akelanika, eia ululaau o ka laulā-E haʻalele nō i laau (lāʻauʻoka, a me ka hornbeam beech). The Hawaiian Caucasus nahele kāʻei UAIAaIN e subalpine a me ka Alpine kula mai me ka predominance o xerophytic mea kanu ma ka kiʻekiʻena o ma kahi o 2800 m + (i loko o ka Alpino ka palena o keia? Aie? Ua Aia ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 2200 m). Nival ciia kŰlń ao ma ke kiekie o 3600-4000 m.

Hoʻohālikelike altitudinal cii o East a me West Caucasus

Helu kiʻekiʻena cii East Caucasus emi o West, aie i ka aoao ma kahua o maoli, iaono? I loko o nā mauna o ka lewa nā paʻi hua, 'äina, a me nā aʻe. No ka laʻana, ka mehana a me ka humid 'Akelanika' ea kokoke, aole i komo iloko i ka hikina, ka mea i hoopaa mai ai i ka papa kuhikuhiE ke kualono. I ka Ia manawa ka mea, 'aʻole i loaʻa anu pakiko ea i loko o ka komohana hapa o ka Caucasus.

I kaʻokoʻa o ke kiʻekiʻe-ala hale o ka hikina mai Caucasus cii, mai ke Komohana.

• i ke alo o ke kalaka nui-wao nahele i loko o ka? uyie aa?;
• haʻahaʻa kāʻei maloo hehi;
• ololi ululaau ciia;
• xerophytic ulu lāʻau o ka nalu ma ka haahaa palena o ka ululaau kāʻei;
• i coniferous nahele? aie?
• Hehi i ka meakino, a kiʻekiʻe mauna hapa;
• ? anoe? aiey o ka mauna-Meadow ciia;
• kiekie ae henua snows a me ka hauneneʻe.
• ululāʻau kanu wale nō i loko o nā awāwa;
• kokoke loa i hoʻomaka ai coniferous laau? ueo.

Oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe o ka heluna kanaka

I ka haku mele 'ana o na mau mea maoli o ka Caucasus ma muli o ka loli ma climatic kiko'î a loko o ka mauna'ōnaehana mai ka waihona ipu no ka luna, a mai ke komohana i ka hikina. Ka maopopo pono ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka lākou o ka kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena cii, ia E e hoʻomaopopo i ka māhele 'āina i ke kiʻekiʻe heluna nuʻa, ka oi aku ma luna o ka Black Sea kahakai. Ka momona hehi papu Ciscaucasia aneane loa'ō'ō palau, a noho ma na hua o ka kiliala a me melon ulu, kīhāpai, nā māla waina. Ulu subtropical mahiʻai, me ke kanu ana o kī, citrus hua, peaches a me walnuts. Mountain muliwai i he nui hookoe ana o ka wai ka mana, hoʻohana no ka nenoaio i? O ka lepo kulekele. Hehi, kalaka nui-nahele no hoi ia a me nā kula i wahi eʻai ai. I hoʻouku a me ka eanie? Kāʻei lawe kaʻohiʻana.

All kiʻekiʻe-ala kāʻei i loko o ka Caucasus Mountains i ample nā manawa kūpono no ka oo? Ecia. Ka'ōnaehana o meakino, a kiʻekiʻe mauna papa koa uhi me ka ulu lāʻau, a me ka hauneneʻe hau,,ʻo kânaka o iaoeo a me ka snowboarding. ? Ooia Komo lanakila pōhaku, he hau-uhi kumu o ka mauna muliwai. Maemae ea ka poʻe'ē he ululāʻau, nani loa Landskap, ke kahaloko - i ka papa kuhikuhiE iano waiwai o ka Caucasus.