He aha ka coking lanahu, a ma ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia

Ke mahuahua ma ka aila kala, a me ka huli 'ana no ka ikehu kaʻaʻokoʻa kumu i alakai wale i ke kūpono' ana o ka 'ike loea hou, akā, i hoʻolohe i ka' ē aʻe, i emi pono keia mau mea, heʻiʻo maka mea - lanahu. Ka mea nui wale ka hana ua coking lanahu. He aha ka kona waiwai, a ma ka mea, ua hua mai - ua waiho mai i loko o kēia 'atikala.

He aha ka coking lanahu

Kēia lanahu, mai a ma na olelo o ka coking Coke loaa i kekahi ka ikaika a me ka nui. Ua ho waiwai nui no ka hana, a ke nânâ i ikaika koi i na mea he nui na hana. Penei, coking lanahu like me ka papa kuhikuhi wahie hoʻohana i steelmaking a me ka ikehu.

Coking nā lānahu oko mai nā lānahu hiʻona neʻe aku i ka ea moku'āina, a me sinter ma luna o waiū i kiʻekiʻe mahana me ka oxygen.

Haku mele 'ana coking lanahu

Coking lanahu mea i kiaʻana i kāna palapala a me ka unfortified wehewehe aku ma ka haʻahaʻa lehu maʻiʻo (emi o 10%), he haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo o yiaeaiiacaaeneiie eiiiiiaiou (15 e 37%) a me ka luaipele (emi o 3.5%). Ke hoʻohālikelike a me nā 'ano o ka lanahu, coking lanahu i ke kiʻekiʻe'ā mahana, a wehewehe aku ma ka maʻiʻo malalo o impurities. Ka lākiō o eiiiiiaiou i loko o kekahi mea lanahu hoʻokomo kālā i oko iki. He mea nui e noonoo ma ke kaʻina hana o ka coking. No laila, pono ka manao ana o kona haku mele 'ana, coking, sintering hana a me ka' ē aʻe nā hoailona i ka aaioee o ka lanahu. Ma ka palena o ka mua Soviet Union no ka mea coking lanahu hoʻohana i kēia mau 'ano:

• By - Coke.
• F - momona.
• G - kinoea.
• OS - otoschenno-caking.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

coking kaʻina

Ma lalo o imply coking kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi 'ana i lanahu e Coke. Ua ninoieo o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ma ka mua ke kahua i ka makaukau o ka lanahu coking. Koʻu mau lanahu ua wāwahi ihola, a hana i ka kuikawā Blend - Blend. Ma ka mea e hiki mai ana ka anu u ua lawe coking. Ua lŘlŘ ma kūikawā keena o ka Coke umu kinoea hoʻohana 'paio hahana maoli nō. Hoomakaukau kauoha waiho i loko o ka umu no ka 15 hola kahi a pau i ka manawa ua hana hoi e hoohaunaele ana i ka mahana i ka 1000 ° C. E like me ka hopena o kēia kaʻina ua loaa ia ma ka "Coke kaka."

Coking enehana i ka iwakalua kenekulia, nui i loli, a ae e ulu ai o ka hou lanahu hoʻokomo kālā.

Ua Ua oaeuiinoe ia ma kahi o 10% o global? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka lanahu carbonization kaʻina i wahi. Kēia keʻae i ke alo o ke kiʻekiʻe hanalima koi no ka coking lanahu.

Ai kā ke coking a me ka thermal lanahu

Ka nui pono i ka hana i coking lanahu, a ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka kaʻina wahie ma na hanalima nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai. No ka laʻana, no ka smelting hao. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona e distinguishes ka coking lanahu ma ka ikehu - ke alo lūmaua. Kēia lehu ke keʻena o ka lanahu, a ua hanaʻia ma ka decomposition o ke kanu ana i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka oxygen. Vitrain ka waiwai i ka hiki i ka maule a sintered ma lalo kiʻekiʻe ana wela. Pela, ua tuko i kalapona microparticles i loko o kekahi paa nuipa a. Ka oi aku o ka lehulehu lūmaua ke kiekie o ka mea e like ai o ka coking lanahu.

Ka nui ka nui o fusible waiwai na ma ka lanahu e like hehi ihola au iā: Coke, Ke Kinoea, momoma, otoschenno-caking a coking momona.

hoailona o ka lanahu

Ma ke ano maoli, ua nui na ano o ka lanahu ahi i mea okoa oaoieei-haku mele 'ana, a me nā hoailona sinterability yiaeaiiacaaeneiie eiiiiiaiou. Coking lanahu pono no wale he mau lama. Akā, e pono no ka sintering i loko o ka palapala maemae ole a pau o ia mau mea. I kekahi manawa e pono e hoʻokomo i kekahi mau eiiiiiaiou. No laila, ma laila nō ke kēia papa o coking lanahu.

1. By - Coke. Ma keia coking lanahu papa ua loaa i loko o ke gula palapala hoʻoponopono metallurgical Coke. No ka mea kiekie oia ka mea e like ai lanahu i hoʻohuiʻia no nā lama - wiwo 'ole a me ke kinoea.
2. QL - Coke momoma. Ka mea, i ka mea maikaʻi loa coking,ʻano nui hoʻohana 'e loaa Coke me ohui nā papa o ka lanahu. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka momoma Coke lanahu he mai i ka 30% o yiaeaiiacaaeneiie eiiiiiaiou. Noʻonoʻo vitrain - 1,3%. Ka mānoanoa o ka ea, ahu iho ka 18 mm o. No Coke e like ai loli ae i ka hou ana o ke hehi iho i 20% cs, OS, a me Ko.
3. Ko - Coke otoschenny. Ka mānoanoa o ka ahu iho la ka 10-12 mm o, ka noʻonoʻo vitrain - mai i ka 1%. E like me ka rula, keia momoku ahi ua i hoʻohana wale, akā, wale i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka LCD a me ka combustible lanahu.
4. SPE - Coke caking nizkometamorfozny. Iloko o ka sintering o keia ano keia ano o ka lanahu Coke hana washable haʻahaʻa ikaika, no laila ka mea, uaʻano nui hoʻohana no ka sintering me nā kaha ole, e paka kemikala kinoea.
5. COP - Coke caking. Ka mānoanoa o ka ea, ahu iho o 9 mm o. Ua wehewehe aku ma ka haahaa sinterability. Cs papa lanahu Coke ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka hana emaciated ke keʻena. Nō hoʻi ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka i? Iecaianoaaiiuo no stratified'ā.
6. GC - kinoea Coke. I ka carbonization hua maikai Coke fused, akā, me ka haʻahaʻa me mechanical ikaika. sintered huahana ua hikiwawe kaawale i loko a liilii. Nō kāu, ua hoʻohana 'ia ke kinoea lanahu i loko o nā mea huihuina me nā coking lanahu.

Sintering noonoo maikai no ia mau hoailona coking lanahu: wiwo 'ole, caking, kinoea, otoschenno-caking a me ka coking i loko o ke gula palapala. Ka mea, aia no iloko olaila ka mea liʻiliʻi loa dala o impurities a me ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe ductility.

Nā mahinaʻai o ka palapala noi

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka coking lanahu - hanalima wahie. Iloko o ke'ā o coking lanahu kī ana nui dala o ka wela ikehu. Penei, keia wahie mea hō'ā kaʻa ka mahana o 470ºS. Akā, e aa ana - i ka mea wale ala e extract i ka pono keia mau mea waiwai o keia mea pōhaku. He nui no hoi na nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i loko i ka coking lanahu i hoʻohana ka pono. Ke ano o keia mau kumu waiwai maoli ma ka hanalima keʻano o ka hanaʻana e leie aku, e loaa mai ia ia ke kēpau, molybdenum, kiniki, germanium, luaipele, gallium a me nā Nine Inch hehee wale. Hanalima noi ua luku aku no hoi a me ka lanahu oihana puolo. No laila, ka mea, e hoʻokō 'ia i loko o ka refractories a me abrasives. I luku aku i na hale pono hana.

Ma huina, o ka wahie ua i mai o ka pōhaku ma luna o 300ʻano likeʻole o nā huahana. Lanahu ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ke kumu o mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kalapona a me ka graphite mall nā kumumea vysokoazotnyh nāʻakika a i hoʻohana ma fertilizers. Haʻi'ōlelo noi mau waiwai a pau i kuu i ka coking kaʻina. Ke'ī mai, oiai ka distillation maloo o ka lanahu hohono hana a me ka ammonia wai. Ka mea, eia no hoi recyclable.

Eia kekahi, ma o ka kaʻina hana o ka coking e anao? Aou gaseous huahana, i pihaʻi me benzene, phenol, toluene a me ka ammonia. Ka mea, i ke kumu o nā mahuaola.

Pōʻalo o coking lanahu i loko o Ukraine

Coking lanahu ma Ukraine uaʻano nui pili metallurgical hana. Pela, i loko o ke kila hana hoike no ma kahi o 90% o ka huina koi no kēia 'ano o ka wahie. Ka hoʻouku hana eaaaony ka aina coking lanahu maloko kuai 60 wale%. Ke koe 40% o ka lanahu lukuʻia i laweia mai. Ke kumu nui wale mai ana o coking lanahu i Ukraine o Rusia.

Ma nā makahiki, he hoomahuahua i koi no ka haole maka mea ma ka aina. O ke kumu ho i ka emi ma ka lulu popilikia? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Nō hoʻi, i ke koi no ka wahi lulu maka mea hina no i ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o kona mea e like ai, e like me kila o nā mea wili hiki ole hoʻohana lanahu me ke kiʻekiʻe luaipele maʻiʻo.

Ma Ukraine, ka coking lanahu hua mai la i na paipu: Donetsk, Lvov-Volyn, Dnieper. Ka nui loa o ka helu lanahu me ke koe i kia ma ka Donetsk, Luhansk a me Dnipropetrovsk wahi. I ka manawa, ma muli o ia ka instability kālai'āina o ka coking lanahu ma ka hikina o Ukraine kaulia ana.

Lanahu? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o Rusia

nui lanahu hoʻokomo kālā i ke aupuni 'o Rusia. E like me ka huahelu, i ka aina o kekahi o na wahi mua i loko o ke ao nei ma ka lanahu me ke koe. More ma mua o 67% o ia i loko o lanahu. O kēia mau mea, 10% e coking lanahu.

Ke Lūkini coking lanahu o koʻu mau i loko o ka loko: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Donetsk a me Kizel. Ka mua mau loko paka lanahu i loko o ka mea nui a pau.

Me ke koe o coking lanahu i loko o Rusia mea 47,3 ieeeea?. Tona. Eia naʻe, wale i ka hapa uuku wale no ka makaukau e hoʻohana. Ma nā makahiki,? Iecaianoaaiiie o coking lanahu i loko o Rusia ma ka pae ana o 70 mln. Tona no ka makahiki. He lawa ke i maka mea, hanalima hana ma ka aina.

Coking lanahu ua o koʻu mau i loko o Rusia napoo uuku ae. Ka ulu o ka lanahu i? Iecaianoaaiiuo e lawe wahi ma ka hihia o ka mahuahua ma ka koi no kēia 'ano o ka maka mea, kena ae la ma ke ana o metallurgical a me nā hana o ka hoʻokele waiwai Lūkini.

Ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka coking lanahu market

I na makahiki e hiki mai i ka Lūkini lanahu hana e kali no ka loli. Key mau o? Acaeoey o ka hana, e hoopa aku i kekahi vertical nenoaiie o ka lanahu? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Pela, ke kulekele ua hoakaka no ka paa o ka lanahu mines ma luna o ke kumu o ka ikaika iauaeoia o ka poe liilii, a me ka meakino nona iho. Ua ua i? Oaony i? Iaanoe lako a pan ma ka lanahu mea kanu, e leie aku ai i ke kō lanahu i maemae kemikala mōʻalihaku.

Me ka pili ana i kuai puke, koi no ka coking lanahu i loko o Rusia, e ulu. Ka mea i i ka hou i ke kila hana Coke hoʻohana 'ole-ferrous metallurgy, a he nui nā hana. Pela, e paka 1 tona o ka puaʻa hao nele ma kahi o 0,4 na tona o ka Coke. Akā, 'ano like loea i hiki puku iā ia ma luna o ka hou e pono mau kapu pili.

ka global coking lanahu market kū i ke au

I ka lā, he nui lanahu poʻe o nā'āina a huli ana i ka hoʻoponopono ulia i loko o coking lanahu kumukūʻai. Keia pilikia ua exacerbated moku'āina e hoolako Coke i oi dala. Ua Ua hoi ka nui ole i kala mai i ka welelau o ka ho'ēmi i Customer na koina. Kekahi pōʻino kulana home 'ole aicieeaao mai ka makemake e kila nā hoʻohua e ho'ēmi i? Iecaianoaaiiuo na koina. Ma Europa, a ma Kina, ke koi no ka coking lanahu mau i ka ulu, akā, ia mea ku pono i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kiekie waeʻano. Akā, me ka mau, o ka buke o ke kūʻai lilo mai kekahi o ka maka mea ma luna o ka honua market haule ana.

A iki e stabilize i ke kahua a me ka ikehu maka mea i loko o ka 'Amelika kuai. Akā, i ke kumukuai i hoomau i haule ma muli o ka haahaa koi no ka kila. E like me ka hopena, keia e emi? Iecaianoaaiiuo o coking lanahu i loko o ka US a meʻEulopa.

Akā, mākaukau wńnana i ka hoea i ka waiwai hoʻokomo o ka ikehu muli o ka ho'āʻo ma India. Ma hoouku ka leo o coking lanahu keia aupuni kaua hapakolu i loko o ke ao nei.

kāki o ka maka mea

Ma ka lua o ka hapaha o ka 2015. malama emi ma kumukūʻai no coking lanahu. Ka honua ka nui poʻe e kaumaha aku i maka mea ma ke kumu kuai i mea ma 5-10% haahaa hoʻohālikelike i ka hapaha mua. Penei, i ke kukulu hemaʻApelika Waena poe Anglo 'Amelika i mōhai Japan ka coking lanahu mea o ka lani kiekie loa e like ai no ka 116 USD no 1 ke tona. Ka awelika uku no ka 1 tona o ka coking lanahu o 117 'Amelika dala.