He aha ka holomua? Kind, ano, examples o ka holomua. E piʻi like a me nāʻokoʻa o ka holomua

I ka manaʻo o ka holumua ai? Acaeoey komo 'epekema like me ka secularized (nä) hoʻokolohua o ka manaoio o ka poe Kristiano ma Kailua. Hihio o ka Future i loko o ka Mea Paipala moʻolelo mea he irreversible, hooliloia a me ka laa kaʻina o kanaka? Acaeoey, i alakaʻiʻia e ke Akua makemake. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa nui mamua o ka kêia kanaka o kēia manaʻo. Next, kālailai, i ka holomua, ka mea kona manao a me ka waiwai.

Ka mua hai

Mua oe i olelo aku nei au i keia holo nei e haawi aku i ka manawa pōkole mōʻaukala mooolelo o ka muli a me ka laha ana o keia manaʻo. Ma 'ana, me ka Helene philosophical kauoha, he mea ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ke kanawai ka nohona a me ka mau hale loli Hawaiʻi mai ka primitive kaiāulu, a me kaʻohana a hiki i ka polis kahiko,' ole. E. ke kūlanakauhale-moku'āina (Aristotle, "kālai'āina," Plato "Kanawai"). A iki hope, iloko o ka Middle Ages, puaʻa ho'āʻo e pili i ka manaʻo, a me ka manaʻo o ka holomua ma ka ideological kula. E like me ia ia ia, hoʻonui i kaʻike a me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa hou, a nui a waiwai, a hou. Penei, kēlā hanauna mea hiki ke ike aku a me ka maikaʻi ma mua o kona mua.

He aha ka holomua?

Kēia hua'ōlelo, he Roma aa, a 'o ia hoʻi "pomaikai", "neʻe i mua." Holomua o ka ulu ana ma amau o ka holumua aiʻano. Kēia kaʻina Ua wehewehe aku ma ke hoʻololi mai i ka lalo a hiki i luna, mai emi i ka nui, hemolele loa. I ka holomua o ka hui - global, honua-mōʻaukala kŰia. Kēia kaʻina komo ai i ka piʻiʻana o ke kanaka 'ē aʻe, mai ka savagery o primitive Hawaii a hiki i na wahi kiekie o ka noho maikai ana. Ua hoʻololiʻia ma muli o ke kūlana politika, loio, pono a me ka pono, iao? Iiaie oaoieei e piʻi like.

ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou

Ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, i ka holomua, a me ka wā aʻu i hoʻomaka kamailio e pili ana i kēia manaʻo mua. Next, ke kālailai kona eiiiiiaiou. Ma ka papa o ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ke kēia lima ulu.

• Material. Ma keia hihia mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka loa piha uku pānaʻi no nā kanaka, a me ka hoʻopau o kekahi oaoieei-kapu no keia.
• Ka nohona ke keʻena. Eia mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka kokekau o ke kaiāulu no ka pono a me ka noho kauwa ole ana.
• Science. Kēia ke keʻena Hōʻike 'ke kaʻina ana, Wa Mamua a widening ike ana o ke ao nei, kona ulu ana i loko o nā micro- a me macrospheres; liberation, mai ka palena o ka ike ana o oicyenoaaiiie feasibility.

hou manawa

Iloko o keia manawa, hoomaka iho la makou e ike i ka holoʻana koa o ka holomua ma ka 'epekema. Ko lakou mau manao ma ke kaʻina hana i hoike ia e G. Spencer. E like me ia ia ia, holomua - nā ma ke ano maoli, a ma ka kaiāulu - e hoolohe i ka paʻa evolutionary rula noke mahuahua ka manaʻo pohihihi, a me ka na functioning o ka hui. Over manawa, hoomaka holomua e e wehe i loko o ka palapala o ka moʻokalaleo, mau mōʻaukala. Ua i hele unnoticed, a me nā kilokilo ana. O kekahi mau maikai ana aia no heʻano o nā lawelawe kaiāulu e. kauoha, a, ma ka huli, alakai aku i nāʻano o ka holomua. no laila,-kapaia "hulili" Ua hana. Ma kona luna i ka loa ke kino a me ka makaainana nā kaiapili o ke Komohana. Next, ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao he'ē aʻe ulu. Haawi aku kaukaʻi ma ka pae o ka ulu ana. An "westernization" o ka manaʻo. E like me ka hopena, he mau meaʻano o ka holomua like "amerikotsentrizm" a me ka "Eurocentrism".

Contemporary

I loko o kēia wā, he kūlanaʻano nui i häʻawi mai ai iä kekahi kanaka. Weber ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ke au o ka rationalization o ke ao ano i loko o ka hooponopono ana o keʻano o ka lawelawe keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Durkheim kākau i nā 'ē aʻe examples o ka holomua. He kamailio e pili ana i ka nohona hoʻohui 'kū i ke au ma "ke aloha kūpaʻa". Ua Ua nānā 'ana i complementarity a me ka ae pono na makana o nā hoa a pau o ke kaiāulu.

Ka panina manaʻo

19-20 kenekulia haawiia i like "me ka lanakila o ka manaʻo." Oiai ka manaʻo o ia iao? Aʻanoʻenehana holomua mea hiki ia i ka ua hoʻohiki ana hana o ka poʻe e ola ana, me ka uhane o ka pilialoha optimism. Ma mau, i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, ma laila kekahi Classic manaʻo. Ua ua he optimistic manaʻo o kekahi gradual liberation o ka manaʻo kanaka, mai ka makau a me ka naʻaupō ma ke alanui, e oi maemae ehiku, a kiekie pae o ka noho maikai ana. Ka panina manaʻo ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka laina irreversible manawa. Aia He maikaʻi holomua wehewehe aku ma ka likeʻole ma waena o ka makana, a me ka wā e hiki mai ai ka hala a me ka makana.

Pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ana, e noke nui ana i hele aku ma luna,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka manawa akā, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, hoʻowahāwahā i ka huikau ka likeʻole. Ua lohe nui hohola i waena o nā nā paʻi hua o ka hoahewa ia e holomua Ua hiki ke hoola ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ma kela a me keia o na kumu nui 'ole o ke kaiāulu. E like me ka hopena, a pau i ka hiki piha pomaikai.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE ana hoʻohālike

Iwaena o lakou, ua halawai pinepine aku:

• Haipule hou (J. Buse, Augustine).
• Ke mahuahua ma ka 'epekema ike (Comte, D. Vico, Zh. A. Kondorse).
• E hoʻokolokolo pono a me ke kaulike, (Marx, T. Campanella, T. Moore).
• ? Anoe? O kanaka ku okoa ana hui me ka pono? Acaeoey (Durkheim, Kant).
• Urbanization, industrialization, 'ike loea hou (KA Saint-Simona).
• Domination no maoli koa (Herbert Spencer).

Contradictory holomua

Ka mea mua i na mea pohihihi e pili ana i ka pono o ka manaʻo, hoomaka ae la e olelo aku ma hope o ka First World War. Contradictory holomua oia i loko o ka muli o nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka hopena maikaʻi 'oleʻaoʻao i ke kūpono' ana o ka lehulehu. Kekahi o ka noʻonoʻo loi mua i ia e F. Hana. He manaoio aku i ka nohona ulu mai ku una i ke kālā no, hanalima,ʻaʻole wale nō i ole hoʻoikaika 'ana, akā, e aho e worsened nā kūlana ola ana o kanaka. N, koke, pilikino nohona latike o ka kuʻuna AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kanaka i UAIAaIN eʻauhau'ēʻaʻe, impersonal, kiʻekiʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō vocal hui 'ana hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka o kēia au nei. Kēia, e like me ka Hana, ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia o ka holomua.

ka piʻiʻana noʻonoʻo loi

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II no na mea he nui ka mea, ua lilo ia i mea akaka i ka hooulu ana i loko o kekahi poepoe he hopena maikaʻi 'ole i loko o kekahi. Industrialization, urbanization,ʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana E hana 'ia pu e? Aneie haumia ea. Mea, ma ka huli, i hoʻonāukiuki aku i? Aneeo hoʻoponopono ulia. Aia He He hou kumumanaʻo. Manao lea hoi au ia manaʻo kanaka nele ana aneiai holomua, i UAIAaIN ma kekahi koho manaʻo o ka "palena e ulu".

Outlook

Ke noiʻi ho omaulia ia ma ka wanaao o kekahi mau aina hokii i ka Western mau hae, o ka Honua hiki explode? Aneeo overload. I ka manaʻo o ke "gula ieeeea?", E like me ka maluhia ola i loko o ke ao nei, ua ua hoʻohiki i wale kiʻi 1 ieeeea kanaka mai ka waiwai aina, loa ke olonā wāwae o ka kikowaena tenet ma luna i ka panina manaʻo o ka holomua - kohoʻia no ka maikaʻi wā e hiki mai no a pau loa e noho ana me a koe. Ka manaoio ma ka superiority o ka olelo o ke? Acaeoey, a i ka Western noho maikai ana, i Kīwala'ō no ka wā lōʻihi o ka manawa, UAIAaIN e kuhi hewa.

utopian hihiʻo

Kēia manaʻo ua lewa loa idealized e hoohalike ai o ka maikaʻi lehulehu. Ma keia utopian noʻonoʻoloi, au manao, me he loa ikaika. I ka hope o ka ho'āʻo e? Ii i kēia 'ano o ka ike ana i ke ao nei, ua lilo ke ao nei Socialist nenoaiu. I ka Ia manawa manaʻo kanaka i keia kahua ia mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ke kumukūʻai hana, "hiki o mobilizing he like, ao hana, paʻakikī kanaka ka, hoʻopio aku i" a hiki orient i ka malu no ka malamalama wā e hiki mai (i kēia kūlana loa ka pono i ka manaʻo o ka socialism). Akā, i kēia lā, aia nō a me na mea extrapolation oʻikena LIKE, a nalu p wanana.

Ka Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ma ka wā e hiki mai

Ka hooulu ana o ka manaʻo e pili ana mai ana mai hanana mea a ianoiyuaa a ma nāʻaoʻao. Ma ka hihia mua ka mea, ua nānā 'pessimism ua noho, ma i kiʻi i nānā akula au i darkest hoole mai oia, i ka make a me ka degeneration. Aie i ka hāʻule pohō wale ma ka 'epekema, aʻanoʻenehana rationalism hoomaka ae la e hohola mysticism a me ka irrationality. Kumu a me ke kūpili i loko o keia 'ole i ka poepoe i increasingly huli kū'ē mai ana i ka Emotions, kilo, subconscious pokole. Allegedly'ano'ē postmodernist theories ua nalowale ike loea 'Oihana ma ke kālā no moʻomeheu i loko o nā kaʻao a ua okoa mai ka ike maopopo,ʻinoʻino, mai ka nani, ka hana pono mai ka hope. A pau keia maka i ka mea i ke au o "i kā mākou ku okoa ana" mai ka pono, kauoha, holomua ma o ka hopena. Ma ka lua o ka olelo o ka Hawaii huli hana no ka hou manaÿo o ka? Acaeoey e hiki haawi kanaka i ka maikaʻi alakaʻi no ka mea e hele mai ana au, e hoola no kanaka a pau mai unfounded illusions. Postmodern manaʻo Ua pili kēia hooleia e ka pähola 'ana o evolution i loko o ka hana kuʻuna mana me ka finalism, fatalism a me ka determinism. Ka hapa nui o lakou, he makemake i nā examples o ka holomua - 'ē aʻe probabilistic hoʻokokoke mai ai i ke kūpono' ana o ke kaiāulu a me ka moʻomeheu. Kekahi theorists (Buckley, kanaka pana pua, Etzioni, Wallerstein, Nisbet) i loko o lākou ka hapai ana ke ano o ka manaʻo like me ka mea hiki i ka hoouka kaua o ka hana hou i hiki e me ka kekahi pahiki i hoʻomaka ai 'ole paha e unnoticed.

constructivism rula

Mai ke 'ano o ke hoʻokokoke mai nei ka manaʻo i mālama ai i kaʻimi naʻauao kumu o ka postmodernism. Ke kū'ē'ē 'ana i ka mea i loko o maʻamau o maʻamau ola ana o kanaka i loaʻa i ka holoʻana koa o ka holomua. E like me ke K. Lash, puzzles pāʻoihana hoakaka oiaio e hoomaikai wale i kanaka ana e ana hou. I ole ia, ka hana mea wale unsolvable.

'ano like manaÿo

ikea a pau o ia mau mea i loko o ka kumumanaʻo o ka ha awina, e aho Hōʻuluʻulu. 'Ano like manaÿo hoopii i "ka a pau kanaka" me ka hoike ana kūikawā hoihoi i loko o ka oko ao ka moʻomeheu a me ka civilizational. Ma keia hihia, ma ka mea, ike i ka hou 'ano o ka lawelawe utopias. He He cybernetic hōʻikeʻia nani o ka lawelawe moʻomeheu o ka maikaʻi mea, nana aku la au ma ka prism o kanaka haʻawina. e hoi hou mai këia mau manaÿo i ka maikaʻi noi, i kekahi manaoio i loko o ka likelihood o ka holumua ai? acaeoey. Eia hoʻi, ka mea i kapa aku ai (ʻoiai i ka lahuiʻimi naʻauao 'ilikai) kumu a me ka ulu ana. Ia manawa, 'ano like manaÿo e ekemu ole mai ai i ke kumu o nīnau: no ke aha kanaka, "noa mai" a "ku okoa ana no ka", ma kekahi hihia e koho ai ka holomua a me ka paio no ka "hou,ʻeleu ka hui", akā, pinepine i ka olua mea decadence a me ka luku no ia i ma ka huli, hiki aku ai i stagnation a me ka regression. Ma muli o ka kumumanaʻo o ka hana, e hiki apuepue e ua kūkākūkāʻia e ke kaiāulu kanaka, pono e holomua. Keia ua wehewehe ia e ka mea i ia mea hiki ole i kaʻike,ʻaʻole paha makemake manaʻo kanaka i kona makakū waiwai i loko o ka wā e hiki mai hoʻomaopopo. Pane i kēia mau nīnau i ole, a ma ka cybernetics a me nenoai kumumanaʻo. Naʻe, ka mea, hookolokolo aku la ia i loko o au mamuli o ka hoomana a me ka moʻomeheu. Ma keia manao, e like me ka makemake i ka constructivist kumumanaʻo o ka modernism ma ka holo nei i keia la ke hana sociocultural etikotsentrizm.

ma ka hopena

Hoikehonua, Lūkini poe akeakamai e increasingly hoi i ka "kala, Age". Ua haawiia i keia hoʻoilina, ka mea, e ho'āʻo hou, e hoolohe i ka palapala aupuni moʻomeheu rhythms, hoolilo ia lakou i ka rigorous 'epekema' ōlelo. E like me ia Panarin, biomorphic ike 'ole hōʻike i kekahi kanaka i kiʻi o nā cosmos me ke ola, ke aloha ano hoopono. Kona makahiki hoala e ae la i kanaka o kekahi kiekie mea ways mea incompatible me irresponsible consumer selfishness. I keia la, maopopo ia mea maopopo i ke kālā no 'epekema kaiapili pono i ka hou nui o ka? Ueony lula, nā makakoho a me nā loina. Ua hiki ke paipai hou kuhikuhi no ke kanaka, ina oia, ma ka huli, e huli ikaika lawa i ka hana ia.