He aha ka ka diaphragm a me ka manao no e loli ai i ka pono o nā kiʻi pehea.

Ke pahupaʻiwikiō Ua invented i loko o nā twenties o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia ma Joseph Niepce. It Niépce nona ka honua ka mua kiʻi "View", he excerpt no i ua 30 minuke. Mai laila, ua lilo ka Panel o ka makemake ana ia mea primitive alodio opto-ÿano manaʻo Ka Uluwehi O Ke mīkini uila no e hoʻohana i ka polokalamu ike loea a me nā Aey? Acaeoey ma aneane nā kula o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea. I ka papa kuhikuhiE nā loli i pili i ka hana, nae, i na wahi a pau o ka pahupaʻiwikiō. Paha i ka mea nui a me ka hoomaopopo ana i ka mokuna o nā 'ano o nā kikohoʻe Panel - ka maka aniani - ua,ʻaʻole like me ka ai-kapa kino, hoʻokomo akula me ka uila no hoʻololi like he nui loa. Nui ka mea, e hoailona oukou i na nā aniani kaulona kahiko ma ho film Panel , a e hana pono i ke kālā no kikohoʻe Panel me ka holomua lolouila ka maʻiʻo ma ke ano o ka'ōpū mai o ka lolouila nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, actuators no autofocus a me nā HOU. He nui ka 'oihana paʻi a hiki makemake i hoʻohana mua nā aniani kaulona, e noonoo pono ia e ia i luna quality, e hāʻawi ana i ka hana kaʻume i kou mau kiʻi.

Maka aniani? Ieoaeunoai ma mua kilohi poe noonoo ole a me ka unassuming. Ua maupaʻa optics i loko o ka palapala o ka maka aniani (i hui a oi nā aniani kaulona i loko o kekahi nohona ma'ōnaehana) Park i lawelawe 'ana me ka maka aniani kino, a me ka diaphragm.

Maka aniani i hoʻomākaukauʻia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kona manao. Ka poe noonoo ole walaʻauʻana nā aniani kaulona, a pau ka poe noonoo ole. Kekahi mau nā aniani kaulona me ke anawaena e like me ke 'ano o ka pahupaʻiwikiō (ka nui i ke anawaena o nā aniani kaulona, ka mea i oi aku kona ' auhau a me ka puka hiʻohiʻona), ka diaphragm, a me ka hale noho apo me hoʻomālama a me iris hooponopono ana a me ka hoʻopaʻaʻia maʻano papa hana e like me ka pahupaʻiwikiō kino.

Ma hoʻokokoke nā aniani kaulona a hiki i kēia 'ia paha o nā kumu mua i hoʻohuiʻia i hoʻokokokeʻano papa hana.

O ka holo ana, i ka mea e like ai o ka maka aniani me ka nānā 'kuhikuhi ka mea optics lele aku ma luna o laila. Mai ka maka aniani mea hilinaʻi nui ma ke alo paha kaawale o ka ei o ko lākou anawaena - i ke degere o ka vignetting, oa ka poeleele hoi o na kihi o ka wahi ponoi, aberrations a me nā abnormalities.

No emi nui hapa o ka maka aniani o kona puka.

He aha ka ke diaphragm? Kēia maka aniani hehee ai e nā kahu nānā i ka huina o ka malamalama e komo aku ai ma ka maka aniani i ka'ōpū mai paha ho film.

Ke diaphragm ninoieo o ka ai-kapaia lobe a Ho'ākāka 'kiko'î e like me hohonu o ke kula, a me ka bokeh ke ano. A ina o ka ninau ka, mea o ke diaphragm, ia mea hemahema, ia mea i kela kanaka keia kanaka i ike i ka ka bokeh a me ka hohonu o ka mahinaʻai i Konakele. Wale makamake nui kiʻekiʻe-e like ai i nā kiʻi.

No laila, bokeh. Ke diaphragm ninoieo o lobes i converge, hoemi i ka wehe a me ka diverge, mahuahua ia. Bokeh hoʻoholo ma ka helu o kēia mau ia lobe: ka nui, me ka maikaʻi bokeh, i mea no ka oi pololei palapala Ua blurry unfocused.

Kona hoʻomaopopo i ia he diaphragm, e hiki ke hele i ka hohonu o ke kula. Ua mea nui, i ka uuku o ka puka e komo ai. No kaʻikena pana ana hoʻohana uuku puka puka e e oi au mamuli, akā, no ka portraiture maikaʻi ia e pono nui puka puka, e leie aku e noʻonoʻo pulakaumaka ma luna o ke kumuhana, a ke pale aku hoʻokali kūpono 'kāʻei kua au mamuli.

No laila, ua ua manao ia keia puka, bokeh a me ka hohonu o ka mahinaʻai, i loaʻa akā, i loko o mau hua'ōlelo, pehea ka pahupaʻiwikiō a me ka maka aniani mea i manao ai. Kēia 'ike i hoʻokahi wale nō exploratory ma ke ano maoli, akā, ka mea, ua nui loa no novice mea paʻi, like nō ke kumu no ka naauao o ka oaoieei-hiʻona o ka pahupaʻiwikiō, i loko o kā mākou mau lā he nui loa, a me ka mea ulu ma ka lele pūʻana a me ka pale a i ka universalization a Nohie i ke kaʻina o ka pana. Ua koe wale, e koho i ka kaʻoi loa e pono pahupaʻiwikiō, a hoʻomaka e pili ana i kou masterpieces iho o kiʻi nō. O ai na mea a no laila, me!