He aha ka ka mea nuiʻia ...................., a meʻia .................... ma nui, kona mōʻaukala i loko o Rusia

ʻia .................... ma ka literal ano - ia bibliology. ʻia .................... i mau - mea he 'epekema ka hoʻopaʻi ana me ka hōʻike, systematization a me ka helu mahina buke, a me Links buke,' atikala, dissertations, a pela aku ...

He aha ka keʻia .................... ma ka puali ololi e hoohalike

Keia papa ua komo i loko o kekahi aoao ai kekahi kikokikona moʻokalaleo. kahi i ia 'ikepili - no ka laʻana, na kumu wā kākau i (essay) i hōʻike. ka wā kākau theses a me nā 'epekema hanaʻia .................... hoʻohana. Kākau o ka hana i koi 'ia ka hōʻike mea ana i hilinai ma iniiaiie kumu.

He aha 'ano o nā bibliographies

Aia mau bibliographies o nā kākau moʻolelo. Ka mea, loaʻa i ka papa inoa kaawale o nā mea a pau i ka palapala hāʻina o nā haʻawina o ka mea kākau, a me nā mea a pau i ka biographical a me nā hana i kākau e pili ana i keia mea kākau a me kana mau hana o nā kākau. Nui papa inoa mea, no ka laʻana, C. A.ʻia .................... Pushkina a Tolstogo L. N.

Aia Ua hoi heʻia .................... o ka lua o ka degere. Ia mea heʻia .................... o nā mea a pau i ka bibliographic ölelo Pelekänia. Ua malama i na mooolelo ma kekahi mea a pau na bibliographies, puunaueia ma kumuhana apau loa.

Noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻokaʻawale 'epekemaʻia ..................... Ua loaʻa i kekahi mau nāʻoihana o ka hana a me kaʻimi naʻauao sciences.

Ia kekahiʻia .................... (Ho oholo Wae Māhele)ʻIli a pau paiia ka palapala, ai hana journalism, a no i kekahi wā o ka manawa. Ua hiki e ka makahiki, a me ka hoʻokahi pule.

Aia He nui loa na ano oʻia ..................... No ka laʻana, ka mea Lūkini Home Land, e lawe i no, a hoonohonoho i nā hāʻina o nā haʻawina ma ka mōʻaukala, nolaila ia i kuu ma Russian. Ua hiki e wahi i keʻia ..................... Aia He Heʻia .................... o ka puke, oa he kaha-papa inoa o ka palapala, ai 'hāʻina o nā haʻawina e pili ana i kekahi mau puke. Na kahua kaua e ike hiki, no ka mea hoike, i ka pau ana o ke aʻo a me ka noiʻi paʻi puke.

No a pau o kēia mau wehewehena ka mea, ua ike e ia heʻia ..................... Ma ka palahalaha pono - ia mea mau i ka papa inoa o nā kūmole no kekahi kumuhana apau loa. Kēia ʻano o ka 'epekema a me ka puke' epekema i kona iho mōʻaukala. Inā e maopopo mea heʻia ...................., ka mea i ike i ka mea a kona mau moʻolelo. 'O kēia pehea' epekema i Hawaiʻi, a hoʻomohala i loko o kekahi aina.

Ka manawa pōkole History o keʻia .................... ma Rusia

Ma Rusia, mai ka manawa o ka 18th kenekulia hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i kekahiʻia ..................... Ua a pau, hoomaka ae la me nā nīnūnē bookselling a me ka heluhelu papa inoa a journalism ma Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke. Ma ka 18th kenekulia Lūkini moʻokalaleo ua loa 'Imi ulu. Lūkini moʻolelo a me nā kānaka moʻolelo hopu mai, a loaa i ka ulu moʻomeheu i loko o ke Komohana. I ka manaʻo i ia heʻia ...................., o ka papa, i hele mai, mai kahi'ē.

I ka mua o keia ano keia ano, he na nā puke "Bibliographic memo" a me ka "ʻia ....................". Ka mea paʻi i ka loiloi 'ana o ka puke helu pū' ia nā moʻolelo i kākau lima likeʻole i loko o nā hale waihona puke, catalogs nei paʻi puke, e like me ka papa helu o nā periodicals.

I ka MH 1889 a hiki i ka mua bibliographic kaiapili ma Moscow. Kona initiator i holo. I ka 1900 ka mea i iho i loko o ka Russian Bibliographical Society, paʻa i loko o ka Kulanui o Moscow. Ua hoʻonohonoho lākou Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke. I hoʻoponoponoʻia Bodnarskii mai "Bibliographical News" a me ka "Bibliology".

I ka 1907 a me ka 1908 i ka poe paʻi "ʻia .................... Collection", e i i i pili i ke kaʻina 'inideka, e kōkuaʻoe loaʻa i ka' ike pono. Ka puke paʻiʻia Pahuhopu hōʻike manaʻo ma luna o nā puke a me nā periodicals paʻi mea kuhikuhi.

ʻia .................... o Rusia 19-20 kenekulia

I loko o kēia mau kenekulia o Lūkiniʻia ....................ʻana a me ka hoʻonui. ʻepekema mea hou pili loa komo i loko o kēia 'epekema. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hilinai aku hou ma luna o kūʻiʻo, aole i ka manaʻo. A i loko o keia kenekulia bibliographies 19-20th kenekulia i loa kōkua maikaʻiʻia .................... a me ka philology.

Ma ka 20th kenekulia ua he hoʻololi kemikala o ka ike a pau loaa i loko o keʻia ..................... Bibliology a me kahiʻia .................... hoomaka ae la e ao aku i loko o kulanui. Bibliographers hoala mai i ka palapala kahiko, a ola lōʻihi-hoʻopoina hana o nā mea kākau, e like me ka pono me ka poe i repressed a me ka noonoo e poina i ka manawa o ko Stalin ka noho alii ana. He Ua ho'ālaʻia, a hoihoi mai i ka nui stratum o Lūkini moʻokalaleo a me ka journalism. Naʻe, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Sovietʻia .................... nō,ʻaʻole i? Anoee maopopo, nō hamama no ka hou kumu a me nā palapala. ʻia .................... ia e ka hailona no ka hana hana.