Karamzin. Historical moʻolelo hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo: "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine, a me ka naʻi aupuni Novagoroda"

Mau he eiiieaena a me ka pilikia manawa no Rusia, a i Oni aumeume ana me ka hae o ka Mongol-Tatarʻauamo. Ka mea, ua pili ana i keia manawa, a hōʻike haku no ia huahana hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine, a me ka naʻi aupuni Novagoroda" - He mōʻaukala puke e wehewehe ana i na hala kanaka koko haniniia ma ka aina Lūkini. E pale aku i kēia, i ka Luna Nui Aliʻi o Moscow Ivan III lilo e hoohui i ka Lūkini ko na'lii, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ma lalo o kona hae i ka poe a pau i hiki ole tolerate i ka hoʻomāinoinoʻauamo o ke Gula iā Goga. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hōʻole e hoʻolohe i haaheo Novgorod State haʻi kona kuokoa.

Eia ka mea, e hōʻike i hou au mamuli hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine" i loko o kona moʻolelo he hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo e pili ana ia i ka manawa o Novgorod kaua no lākou kahikoʻo Samuel a me nā mea e pono ai, a kekahi hapa i haawi ia nui aliʻi. No ka laʻana, ua affirmative lākou liberties i ka inoa o Prince Yaroslav.

Karamzin: "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine", he pōkole moʻolelo maʻiʻo

Novgorod maopopo aku ia ia i ka confrontation, e lawe mai ia i ka puu o ke kaumaha, akā, hiki i mohai aku i kona haaheo. A hoʻokiwikā veche bele kahea a pau makaainana, e hōʻiliʻili i ka Great Square koke.

People mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka holo ma laila, make koke ma ka halulu o kona muffled manawa, kui. People hoakoakoa ae la, a ninau mai la, e hoʻomaka i ke keena.

E ku pono ana i keʻokeʻo hale pohaku hoakoakoa Yaroslav posadniki me ka mau mekala ma kona umauma, na boyars me ka hae, lunakahiko me nā koʻi lipi kala a me na kanaka he nui 'ē aʻe.

A laila, ma o Kalevari, a, i ole ia, ma Vadimova, kahi mimiki kinikini kiʻi Vityazya Vadimaʻikeʻia i kaʻelele - he hilinaʻi alii John Prince.

ʻelele

Ka mea, ua Prince Holm, ka mea i manao e hai aku i ka Novgorod poe noho i ka mea e peacefully waiho ai i na koi ana o ka Luna Nui Aliʻi o Moscow, aʻaʻole i lawe i ke kaua a hiki i ka hookahe koko ana. He hai aku ia lakou i na kanaka wale aloha hihiu kuokoa, akā, he kanaka naʻauao - ka mea i ole autocracy ma ka aina hiki ole ke loaʻa.

He hana mau i nā pā pōhaku o Novgorod i hanau, a hōʻoia nō i ka autocracy o ka aina Lūkini. Magnanimous Rurik hoomakaʻaneʻi hana pololei a me ka pono, no ka mea, o keia Varangian meʻe o Novgorod hoomaka ae la e makau ana o nā kanaka.

Olelo ana o kaʻelele ua loa passionate a me ka ukiuki, ka mea hoopii i ka lunaʻikehala o na kanaka, a papa aku la ia i hoolei iho la lakou Lūkini poe hoahanau ma ke aloha o ka iā Goga, a me lakou iho i keia manawa, pomaikai, a ua hoopuniia oukou e hana maʻamau. Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir hoʻokahe i ke koko o ko lākou mau defenders. Lūkini, mākaukau me ka pahi kaua, halawai malihini, a me ka avaricious Novgorod lawe ia i loko o koʻu lima, kuko iho i ko lakou ka eha waiwai, ke gula a me ke kala.

Loa ikaika ia ma luna o kanaka a me kā lākou hana protagonists hana "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine, a me ka naʻi aupuni o Novgorod." Synopsis hou aku hele ia Keoni aʻo e pili ana i ke kipi ana o na luna o Novgorod me ka enemi Duchy o Lithuania, a Poland, a ho'ākāka mai ai iā ia kēia mau haole hookauwa ia lakou, no ka mea, mau ka hana a hiki i ka poe i ke kūlana e koi Kuokoa, mai nā pōkiʻi. He manaoio ia oe ke ole hou pale ia i ka fragmentation o ka Lūkini moku'āina, ma hope o nā mea a pau o ka pilikia ia i hele mai iʻaneʻi. Ma hope o hoʻopau i ka olelo ana, Holm ua hele frontal a koi i pane mai ai i na kanaka, aole i koho ka malu a me ke kaua.

ia Marfa

Eia hou hoihoi 'Kai i kona kuka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine ma ka mea kani-olelo aku la ia mālie a majestically komo i ke kahua o ka hao frontal hakahaka. Ma kona maka heluhelu ke kaumaha, a me ka nani. Ua akahele, hoomaka ae la kona inspirational olelo, a olelo mai la ia ma ka akau hiki ia i hoopakele ae o ke ku okoa ana, e like me ka mea i kona makua kāne a me kāna kāne i kona poo, e kaua ana no keia kulanakauhale nui.

Nā kanaka hoʻolohe iā ia me ka'ōpeʻapeʻa hanu. A ua hoomau ia'ōlelo i ka mea 'aʻole e pono ke'āhewa na kanaka i ka mea, i ole limahana ma ka internecine na kaua , a me ka ia i auwana mai ka Mongol-Tatar lanakila, ka wā hae Batu makemake e haehae i ko lakou kulanakauhale. Ua hoomanao a me ka poe kupuna, ka poe ike ana, e make ka mea, i loko o ke kaua, akā, e e lilo i poe kauwa, a me ka wānana aku ka lakou mau pahikaua me timidity. Ano, Veliky Novgorod thriving, a me na mea he nui outlandish kalepa, e hele mai ana i kona hale e olelo aku nei, i ka i kekahi kulanakauhale o ka nani i ike anywhere'ē aʻe. A meʻaʻohe mea kupanaha i John ua manawa ka ike ana i ka grandeur a me ka nani o Novgorod, manao e noho alii ia lakou.

A no laila, i ka palena, a hiki glows kuka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine e hele ia e olelo aku i ka lani, he pono, a ina manaʻo'ālunu kipaku ia lakou, a me ka ole o ka pono a me ka nani, ka mea e koke pa i ko lakou-ku-okoa hope o ka hora, a me ka poho ana o ke ku okoa ana, e mae, a me ke kumu o ka waiwai, ka nani o ke kūlanakauhale alaila, e pouli, a e huliʻo ia i loko o ke kaumaha wahi e pili ana. haʻalulu nā kānaka i loko o ka inaina, a kahea aku la o "War John! Mākou, e make no mākou Fatherland a me ke ku okoa ana! "

Elele Moscow nō makemake, e olelo aku i kekahi mea, akā, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha - i ka poe kanaka i ole e hoolohe mai, a aneane wawahi ia. He laila, me ka nui loa ke kaumaha o ka naau loa i kona hope kuleana olelo: "E ka mea, e kaua!" - a koke haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale a me kona mau aliʻi.

kaua

Loa hana hoihoi wehewehe i ka hoomakaukau ana no ke kaua moʻolelo "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine", wahi a ka pōkole moʻolelo maʻiʻo hou aku i, ka wā halepule a i ka pū waikaua bele, hoomaka ae la na kanaka e kiʻi makaukau e lawe i ke kaua hope loa. A koke wikiwiki Mareta i ka pono haipule mua Theodosius, ma hope o 70 makahiki o ka hana a hiki i kona aupuni ka mea, haalele mai i ka haukamumu o ka honua i loko o ka ulu lāʻau anuanu. Ua i ka mea nana i hai mai ia ia e pili ana i ka pilikia pilikia, akā, Martha ua hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau. Ua lawe mai ai me ia i kekahi keiki keiki, Miroslav, a makemake e kiʻi i ka pomaikai, mai na lunakahiko a hiki i ke kaua. Ma hope iho o ia Martha i loko o ka wikiwiki e mare mai ia ia i kana kaikamahine Xenia. Mamua o ke kaua, ua mare lakou, a ua kau hou ka Bihopa i loko o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui. A lilo iho la Miroslav i ka alihi kaua o ka Novgorod koa.

Martha manaʻolana Pskov eʻaʻole kū aʻe, e lilo allies, a haawi aku i kona poe koa, akā, hoole mai la lakou e kākoʻo i ke kipi o Novgorod. Koke mai la ka lono i Ioane me ka pono koa hoʻoneʻe i ke kulanakauhale nui. Shelves Miroslav neʻe e halawai pu me lakou.

iakou

Weliweli malie noho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka anticipation, e pani aku i na ekalesia wale nō kā lākou mau puka, koe kanaka ka i kukuli iho puhi moleben heluhelu. No ka lōʻihi manawa, aohe kūkala nūhou. Ma ka lā o ke kuleana kaua, Martha, me ke kiʻekiʻe frontal pokole i ike ai i ke ao o ka lepo. Panina o kona mau maka, ninau mai la kela: "Miroslav make, John i ka uwa maila!"

Ma ka hale kaʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale e lawe mai i na koa, e hai aku ana i weliweli kaua i ke kino o Miroslav eha. Russian e noho ana a ka Lūkini, na koa o na aoao elua i makemake e hooiaio mai i ka mea i Slavs. Lākou ae inaina o ka meaʻino mea! Martha mau keiki kāneʻelua a make aku la.

Akā, i ke kaua ana ma, John, ma ka pololei hookui hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopio i ka naita o Novgorod, laila, hele aku la ia ma luna o ka lōʻihi ka hoʻopuniʻana. City hoomaka ae la e starve na defenders o ke ku okoa ana, hoomaka ae la e make.

Ka mua Theodosius, haʻalele kona puka, a hele mai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hou lilo Posadnik, akā, ma hope o ka lanakila oia ia ia iho ia ia maluna o na ki o ke kulanakauhale a hiki i ke aliʻi iā John, a noi aku la ia ia no ke aloha no na kanaka, e olelo ma ka hoʻi i mau kanaka, e mālama iā ia, ma ka pono.

kala

Prince o Moscow nō, e kala mai oe i na kanaka o Novgorod, akā, ka mea, aole e pau hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine a me kāna kaikamahine Xenia nō 'aʻole e hele ma kona mau hoopai weliweli. No ka ia, e koke kūkulu i ka'āwai, i a Martha haʻaheo ala a announces ai i na kanaka i make i ka kamaaina o Novgorod, ko ka mea, ua mālama lākou iā John.

I ka Ia manawa, i ke kahiko bele halekiai ua wehe 'a ua kaʻi aku iā ia i Moscow.

Ma kona mau hanana'āpana o "Martha-kiaaina ka Wahine, a me ka naʻi aupuni o Novgorod." Summary, Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi, i ka olinolino kahiko mika a me ka halawaiʻono, no laila ia mea e pono ai, e heluhelu i kēia hana loa.