He aha ka ka philosophical kū i ke au? Hoikehonua, philosophical paialewa

Kālaiʻike - ka 'epekema mea e ole haʻalele kekahi indifferent. Ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, ka mea hoopa aku i kēlā me kēia kanaka kaʻohiʻana i i ka mea nui wahi lulu nīnūnē. A pau o ko mākou hele philosophical manao, nānā 'ole o ka wahine, a me ka lāhui papa. E like me ka mea huli mai, tausani o ka makahiki o ke kanaka i hopohopo i ka ia kahua nīnau, nā pane e a i ole i ua loaʻa. I loko nō o kēia, ua nui na kula o ka manaʻo a me ka mea kū i mea ole haʻalele lākou mau ho'āʻo e wehe i ka mea huna o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa.

?? lelo a me ka manao

He aha ka iniiaiie - mea ole ka uhane? Kēia pukana Ua lōʻihi puunaueia thinkers i loko o ka loaʻaʻana? Neeo eaaa?. Ka hopena ua he kumu nui philosophical LIKE - materialism, idealism a me ka dualism. Eʻailolo no kēlā me kēia kula, e hoʻoikaika i ko lākou manaʻo, hoomalau ana i na mea a pau e hoole aku paha i ia. Eia naʻe, kēlā i kēia mau mea kū i ua haawi ala i ka olalo i na lala, a hiki i kēia lā resonate kanaka ka naau ma.

Materialism - ka philosophical no ka asserting ia mea mea iniiaiie, a wale ia mai he nui. XVII-XVIII веков, а также в социалистических государствах нового времени. Kēia kula i Kīwala'ō e 'Enelani a me France XVII-XVIII kenekulia, e like me ia ma ka Socialist aina o kēia manawa. Materialists i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o maloo ai kūʻiʻo. Ka mea, e like me na sciences maoli, e like me kemika, ke kālaikūlohea, makemakika a me ka kālaimeaola, me ka hoʻohana 'ia' Imi i loko o kēia hui kūkāʻana me idealists. Ka hapa nui o ko lākou mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana ke hoopaa materialist kūpili a? Iie kūʻiʻo, aʻo kēia ka loa uʻi kālaiʻike. Naʻe, ka mea pono pale ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka ike paka i ka ho ololi i ka mea, e noonoo pono ia ka hoʻoponopono kuokoa pa alima.

idealists

Ke philosophical idealists no ka loa e ku pono ana o ka materialism. E like me ka mea attaches nui nui a hiki i ke ao o ka manaʻo, ma ke kaʻawale, mai ke ao nei mai o na mea mea wale nō kona no. Idealists manaʻo i ka mea hiki ole nei me ka manaʻo e paha ke ia. A pau o ka honua e poai puni i mai, o keʻano o nā manaʻo a me ka manaʻo, aʻaʻole hope versa. Kēia au, ma ka huli, ua maheleia i mau papa kula: Pahuhopu a pilikino idealism. Poe kokua o ke kula o Pahuhopu idealism hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ke ao nei o ka manaʻo like paha i kahi kū kaʻawale o mākou.

Pilikino idealism kuhi i ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i koe wale i loko o ka naʻau o ke kanaka. Me kaʻike o ke kaʻina mea maoli i kekahi mea, no ka mea, mea paha manaʻo e wale mai hiki ma ka manao o kaʻahahui ola. Idealism ua lilo poe hanohano i kēia mau lā. Western noho maikai ana mea pōloli no ka spirituality. Materialism noho alii iho la no ka kenekulia ma Europa a me Amerika, no laila, i ka poʻe i hānai mai me kona mau manaʻo. Ano ka mea, e imi ana solace ma idealism, a ua lilo no ia i ka hanu o ka hou ea i loko o ka honua kūpaʻa o ka hoʻokumu manaʻo.

dualism

LIKE o dualism i ole pane i ka nīnau mau loa. No ka ia, ka mea, ua loa like keia philosophical nā mea kū hoʻike ia uhane a me ka mea i mau mamua. Dualists i paʻa nui i kekahi uhane a me ka mea, e hoole ana i ke ola ana o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa mea like nui nā o kēia mau eiiiiiaiou. Man noʻonoʻo adherents o ke kula o ka dualism me ka indivisible kuʻi nukeliu o ka mea a me ka uhane. All mea i loko o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka huina hoonui o ka naau a me ka mea. No ka laʻana, ka mea manaʻo e hele mai i ka malamalama i ke aloha i ka ike paka, akā, na mea e he derivative o ka mea. Dualism Ua lilo keʻano o ke kuʻi nukeliu o ka elua e ku pono ana, o ke kemu i nā manaʻo a me nā mea mahuʻi o materialism a me ka idealism. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i lawe mai ia ia nui hiʻona, e like me kanaka he nui maʻalahi e hele i ihola, ma mua eʻimi i ka waena lepo.

Empiricism a me ka rationalism

'Aʻole wale nō i ka ninau makahiki-kahiko o ka primacy o ka mea a me ka uhane Wāwahi thinkers ma kela philosophical paialewa. Kuhikuhi o keia kupaianaha 'epekema no hoi i waho ma muli o ka hoopaapaa pili ana i ke kanaka e ao hou i ke ao nei. Aia i mau kula i waho i hoopili loa e ku pono ana kumumanao o ka hoomaopopo, akā,ʻaʻole hiki definitively hooiaio i ko lakou wahi. Poe kokua o ka empirical ano o ka 'ike aku nei au i ka maluhia e hele mai, e ike i ke kanaka, inevitably hanau i ke kui ana o ke kanaka me, a pau i ka hoao ana ia.

Rationalism - philosophical au, a waiho iho la i ke kumu o Descartes. Kona mau manaʻo i ka mea wale maemae kumu,ʻaʻole turbid Emotions, a me ka hoao ana i hala o ka lawe 'ana i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao kaʻina. Rationalists hoi manaoio i loko o ke ola ana o ka helu o ka axioms i mea no laila, maopopo ia ia mea e pono ai i maopopo.

Philosophical LIKE, paialewa, kula, Chinese aʻo

China hewaʻiʻo kūikawā noonoo, a me kona hana hoihoi philosophical paialewa i i Ua kaulana loa,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Kina akā, i kahi e. Ka loa kaulana o ia - Hoʻomana Buda. He hele mai Inia, a koke palahalaha ae ai i ka momona lepo. Aʻo o ka Buddha i ao ia IeIIeYOA e nä lealea a me ka mea maikaʻi-i hiki aku ai i ka hoʻololi iho o ko mākou naʻau. Akā, e kaumaha ana Hoʻomana Buda, e koho i ka waena ala, a me ka hoʻohana 'ia he lahilahi mea paahana e like me noonoo ana. Ua ala 'oe e ka pāʻana i kona manaʻo, a haʻalele makemake, hoohiolo iho ai i ka uhane. Ka hopena o ka pololei me ka hana pono o ka piha liberation o ka uhane - nirvana.

Taoism ka mea i like loa ia Hoʻomana Buda, mai nā o kēia ao e hele lima i loko o ka lima, mau ho ololi i kekahi i kekahi. Me kona mau kūpuna Lao Tzu hoʻolauna ia i kekahi mea e like me Dao. Ma keia pōkole hua'ōlelo nalo a pau hailona manaÿo. Tao o nā ao kānāwai a me ke ao aloha, a me ka loa i loko o ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa - he unifying koa, mai a mākou i hele mai, a me a me ka hoʻi ma hope o ka make. Taoists ho'āʻo e noho i loko o ka lokahi me ke ano maoli, e hahai ana i ke ala maoli o nā mea a pau. I ka hopena o ia i ke ola - piha pāʻoihana ma ka Dao.

Confucianism

An hana hoihoi 'olelo o Chinese kālaiʻike - Confucianism. Kona inoa ua koi ia Confucius. V-IV веках до нашей эры и служил чиновником при императоре. He noho ma ka V-IV kenekulia BC, a mālama akula i ka luna me ka Auguseto. I loko nō o kona kiʻekiʻe kulana, ka thinker Pake ma luna o nā mea a pau i hoʻomaopopo ai i ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka philanthropy. He ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka hooponopono ana o ka moku'āina mea pono, e ae aku wale na kanaka e ke kiaaina maikai a me ka pono, ka mea ma kā lākou mau laʻana, e hoopiha i kanaka. Confucius ua ku e kekahi ikaika'ōnaehana ka nānā 'ana ma ka lawe wale a me ka coercion.

Eia naʻe, he integral hapa o Confucianism ka hoohaahaa wale ana, a me ka unquestioning hana i ka mea i mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka nohona hulili. Confucius ua he kākoʻo iā ia, o ka mea,'ōlelo a me nā kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. Kona manaʻo, ua malie loa mahalo ma Kina, a ua hele loa kekahi o lakou ma kela aoao o kona palena.

Hoikehonua, philosophical paialewa

Ma nā makahiki, 'epekema ua i ka nuiʻanuʻu mua. He nui kaʻao, a ua hana i discoveries i ua debunked, i loa huli i ka kahiko kiʻi o ko ke ao nei. Keia ua oiaio lewa i loko o ka hou naauao o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ka loa Popular LIKE i ke kālā no kālaiʻike - existentialism a me analytic kālaiʻike. Existentialism ua hoʻomōhala ma luna o ka loa o ka hana ola, kona kū hoʻokahi a me ka originality. Kēia au Pono nń ka intuitive pokole o ka ike maopopo, i ka 'ehaʻeha o ka pilikia. Bright Luna o keia kālaiʻike - Jean-Pol Sartr.

Mākau kālaiʻike Ua hoʻomōhala ma ka palapala noi o ka ike. He mea nui i kēlā me kēia oiaio hiki e ikea ai empirically. Adherents o keia kula hoʻomana kūpili a me ka pololei, e haawi ana i na mea he nui panina philosophical nā manaʻo.

Kālaiʻike ma ka maʻamau o ke ola

Kanaka i hana olalo i philosophical LIKE, nā kula a me nā kuhikuhi. ua piha ka akamai hua'ōlelo a me nā hua'ōlelo i kona ka manaʻo pohihihi hoʻomakaʻu ano o kanaka lakou. Hoʻonaʻauao plaque, puʻu o incomprehensible hua'ōlelo a me ka nui inoa e hana kālaiʻike ma ka helu o ka 'epekema no ka hoʻopaʻi', loaʻa ia wale nō ka hapanui paakiki admirers o kēia oe. kekahi poe akeakamai - Akā, e ole i kela mea keia mea o ko mākou poina. Mai Mai e makau i ka hui i kēia kupaianaha 'epekema. Inā 'oe makemake i ka manaʻo, me ka oiaio meaʻoiaʻiʻo, e hele mai ia oe,ʻaʻohe mea nānaʻoe e, Kumu o ka kālaiʻike, ka pôpeku a me ka mechanic.