Helu Shuvalov Potr Ivanovich: Kawaihae, hooilina

Cronyism, nepotism - e kokua mai, e hoopaa i ka imperial Aha i loko o Rusia a hiki i ka poe e hoʻokele e kokoke ana i ke Aupuni. Oia ke kanaka i kekahi manawa, ho'āʻo e hoopuni ana ia ia iho me ka hoahanau. No laila, Shuvalov poʻe ousted mai o ka noho aliʻi ma ke kakahiaka nui 50-ies o ka XVIII kenekulia ohana Razumovsky.

Panel-ʻaoʻao Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1797)

Ivan Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka poe ilihune aristocratic ohana ma Moscow. Ka inoa o ka "helu" Shuvalov Ivan Ivanovich aole ua hoʻokomoʻia - kekahi i hanau ai mahope, ia ia i nā mea a pau-mana aliÿi ua. He loaa hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ka maikai ma ka hale, ike' ōlelo eha, heluhelu i ka hailona, ua hoihoi i loko o nā mea noʻeau, a me ka ulu maikaʻi a me ka uku ui kanaka.

Hoahānau e noho ana ma ke alo o Elisabeta, i loko o 14 makahiki i ignoramus ma Petersburg, a ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o-pahupaʻiwikiō nāʻaoʻao. I kēia mau makahiki, oia ua he ulu uuku, a kana a pau i kona mau noa manawa ka heluhelu puke, a me ka hula, a me ka opiopio kaikamahine i ole kilo. Akā, eha makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i'ō aku ai ma lalo o nā mika kiʻekiʻe, a lilo iho la ia i ke kanaka maikai kanaka opiopio. Ma ka ahaaina mare o kona kaikuahine me Prince Golitsinym Ivana i kekahi i ka Empress Elizabeth. I ka 1749, alaila, haawi mai la ia i kona inoa mua. Ivan Shuvalov i ke keonimana o ke keʻena moe, i mea potted keiki. A me na kaikuaana, i paa aku la ia ua wale ia me hookahi kanaha Empress.

luna puuku

Soon Ivan loaa i ka hou inoa - luna luna. Ka hapanui o ke kahua, he hou Hobby Empress mea pōkole-ola mau manao wale,. Akā, i koe i ke akamai, maikai, e kuko no ke kālā, aʻaʻole arrogant Ivan i loko o ke aloha a me Elizabeth ma mua o kona make ana i ka 1761.

Kona kino ano, ka oi aku o ka nele o ka inclination e kala-ana, aia no ia i ia manawa loa pohihihi keia. Ka mea, ua kupaianaha i pau, me ka empress, a me ka manaʻo pü ', i ua hoʻohana' ana i ua mea a pau, mai kona loaʻa kiʻekiʻe, aina, kauwa a me ke kala. Kūnewa Empress Elizabeth chayalaʻaʻohe kanaka i loko o kona poe i waeia kekahi, a me ka ia, ma naʻe o ka mea e me ka elemakule, kona ano noticeably deteriorated, ia ia a me ka ia aloha.

Activity Ivan Shuvalov

Au e i manaʻo e noho ana ma ka wahi pono i ka manawa pono, alaila, pono i hoʻomaha ai i ke ola a me ka olioli i ka empress, kahiko lawa e ia kona makuwahine Ivan. Young a me ka maikai, fashionably a expensively kahikoia, me kaʻoluʻolu i hiipoi, alakai aku la oia i ke ola,ʻaʻole e dandy. Shuvalov hōʻike hana aloha i nā mea noʻeau,: i oe, moʻokalaleo, me ka hana keaka.

No laila, ua makaukau hoi e hana i ka Academy o Arts, i ka 1755 hele aku la ia mai Moscow FS Rokotoff a haawi aku la ia ia i ka manawa e hoʻomaka aʻo i loko o kona hale, aʻo ia i wehe i ka Academy. A ma ka 1761 ike aku la oia i kekahi fireman i loko o ka hale aliʻi o ka wā e hiki mai sculptor Shubin. Ivan kākoʻo i kekahi manawa, a me ka mea nāna i hana o ka mua Lūkini keaka Volkov F. a me A. Sumarokov - ka playwright a me ka haku mele.

Together me Mikhail Lomonosov, oia ua i ka papahana, a wehe ae la i ka Moscow University ma ka lā inoa o kona makuwahine, - ma Tatiana ka Day, i ka 1755. Kēia papahana, oia mālama i ka lōʻihi manawa.

Shuvalov lalau kumu haumāna, a, a no kona mau buke, waiho iho la i ke kahua no ke kulanui hale waihona puke, a i nānā aku ma ka kulanui pai hale, i wahi ole wale i ka 'epekema moʻokalaleo, akā, i ka "Moscow News".

Halau o Kamuela - a pau kona keiki kakou nana. He ho'ākoakoa kumu kahi'ē, huli no nā haumāna, a hooku iho la i ka ohi ana o kona mau pena o ka Academy. Kona pili aupuni, i ke kumuhana, nō poorly hoomaopopo, ka mea i manaoia mea ulu ma ka helu o nā kenekoa a me ka holomua o ko lākou mau hana, streamlining ka bureaucracy, a me ka poʻe koa, ka mea i manaoio aku i ka mea pono, e haawi makakoho i Lūkini, aʻaʻole malihini.

He nui no ka mea i manaoia Shuvalov ma mua o kona manawa, a ua hookomo ia ma ke ola wale nō ma lalo o Ana II a me Paul I. I ka 1757 Kauna Vorontsov i hoʻouna 'ia i ka hei ana paa ma a I. I. Shuvalovu i ia i ka inoa o ka helu, kenekoa, a heʻumi tausani serfs. Ka inoa o Ivan hoole. Hope o ka honorary inoa o "helu" Ivan Shuvalov i iʻae, a mai Ana I. He i ole makemake keia inoa.

Palace o Kauna Shuvalov

ʻOiai Ivan i ole e lei ana i ka inoa o ke Kauna, akā, i ka hale ua oiaio grandiose e kukulu, ninoaaeyao ka pau hapaha. He ua a me ka mea nō (aole nae hou) ma Italian alanui kokoke i ka Summer Palace o kona hoa haipule.

Ua kukulu ia ka hale elima makahiki ma ka kaila o ka Elizabethan baroque. Ua Ua hoʻololiʻia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone S. Chevakinsky. Loko o ka hale i ka malamaia mōʻaukala mea hoʻonani o ka hoʻopaipai me ka haʻahaʻa kolamu me ka mau poo. Ka holoʻokoʻa Kalaiaina o ka pā kaua ua koloka hoʻonaniʻia me ka stucco. Akā, i kēia mea ka hapanui o ka hope hoʻoponopono.

I ka lā, he mea ka Museum o kou niho, a me ka hale iho ua hoomaluia e ka moku'āina, no ka mea, o ko kakou mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu hooilina.

Make o Elizabeth

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o kona mau hoa haipule Ivan ola ana no kanakolu-kumamalima makahiki. He i ole kānalua, la oia i ka hoohiki ana i ka 1762, o ka hou Empress, akā, maiwaena mai o ka pā hale. Ole i ka mea i ka hilahila, akā, e ke nō i kona wahi i loli ma laila.

Ua hae-General Shuvalov hele wale aku no. He Ua nui ia ma ke alo o Marie Antoinette, hoi aku la i loko o ka puali kaiapili o kona hoʻokokoke, a me ka ai-kapaia Lilac o Oʻahu. Iho la ka manao kuwaho o Farani, a, koe Ivan, he kanaka no maemae, hoʻonaʻauao, e wehe ae-manao haole ka mea, aole loa ua.

A pau keia i ike Ana II, ia ia e walawala ai. Ano, e ike ana i kahi'ē ka mea laa nohoalii Lūkini alii, me ka mana i loko o 'Eulopa, no ka Empress haawi aku la ia i ka helu o ke kalaiaina paha. He hana ia me ka glitter, a loaa i ke ano o ke kuhina councilor.

I ka 1776, Shuvalov hoi i Rusia. He Ua haawi mai i ka hoomau o ka umi tausani rubles, a lailaʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi 'ia i poʻokela luna. Kēia, incidentally, ua ke kiekie loa o ka huakaʻi o ka iwilei - lua wale i ka Empress. Akā, me ka mau, Shuvalov - he waiwai alii, ka minion o ka pomaikai, ua manawa alakaʻi pilikino. He hou-hoonohonoho i loko o kona hale, a me ka palapala, ai 'Salon ua hana hoʻokipa i ka aina awakea no ka haku mele Derzhavin a me I. Dmitriev, a me ka Adimarala Alexander Shishkov philologist, unuhi o Homer E. Kostrova. He ike pehea e loaa ke ola, e lawe mai ana me ia i ka makemake o ka hoa.

Shuvalov a pau kona ola lōʻihi, a me kona ola 70 makahiki, pu ma ka ole huāhuā, a me ka nani o ka akamai, ano, pono kanaka. 'Aʻole no ka mea, ua he ola no kona mau hoahānau.

Petr Ivanovich Shuvalov (1711-1762)

Pyotr hele mai gentry Kostroma panalaau. Kona makua kāne, i ka commandant o Vyborg, ua hiki i ka paʻa i kaʻaoʻao ma ka pā hale o Petra Velikogo ke keiki. I ka wā o ka Auguseto make iho, la oia i kekahi i loko o ka poni o Ana I. Ma kaʻaoʻao hana,ʻo ia i aʻo i nā koi o ka pā hale, a ua hiki, i ke aloha a hiki i keia, hou 'aha hoʻokolokolo' oihana.

A lohe ke kaikamahine Velikogo Petra a me kana kane, i haalele ai ia i Kiel, pu me ia no ka hookauwa aku, a pahupaʻiwikiō-ʻaoʻao PA Shuvalov. Aia ia i kuai i ka hou ola ka hoao ana.

Ma hope o ka hānau keiki i kana keiki, i ka wā e hiki mai Emperor Peter III, Anna Petrovna make a me P. Shuvalov hoi i Rusia, escorting i ka moku i ke kino o ka pāpale aliʻi Alii i ka 1728. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua halawai mai me ka Mavroy Egorovnoy Shevelevoy, a laila mare. He ua he kokoke hoa o Princess Elizabeth Petrovna, a ma hope loa kōkua i ka 'oihana,' o ka pīhoihoi courtier.

ma kahi o ka noho aliʻi

Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana, mai kahi'ē, Shuvalov i mālama ai, ma ka pono pahupaʻiwikiō-cadet Princess Elizabeth.

Petro i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka coup i ka 1741, kukulu ana Elizaveta Petrovna i ka nohoalii, a me ka mahalo, ua loaa i ka kiʻekiʻe 'aha hoʻokolokolo kiʻekiʻe o ka luna. Ua Ua ulu koke a me kona koa 'oihana. Mua,ʻo ia - Na kiai lutanela a me ka nui loa wale, akā, i ka makahiki kēia mau lilo i lutanela, a koke ka adjutant-nui.

Kiʻekiʻe o kona 'oihana e like māmā, me Elizaveta Petrovna ' aʻole i poina i ka leʻaleʻa i waena o akamai hope i kōkua kiʻi i kona noho aliʻi. Petro loaa i ka Papa o St. Anne a me ka launa pu. Aleksandra Nevskogo a lilo he kenekoa. A ma ka 1746, ma ke alo o ka mai eia kahi mea akaka, ua helu Shuvalov. Ma kēia manawaʻo ia i mua mare i kekahi "sneaky", e like me ka mea, i mai la, i ke kaikamahine o ka hanohano Mavre Egorovne Shepelevoy, a, e like me ka kaikuaʻana, Alexander, ka mea i umi makahiki ma ka pā hale, i kokua mai ia ia koke hoʻoneʻe i ka 'oihana hulili.

Way mai

Initially, a pau o kona mau hana i loko o ka Front Army. He, a me kona platoon komo i loko o ka poni o ka Empress ma Moscow. A laila, i kona platoon hanaʻia ma parades, akā, ke Kauna Shuvalov E ke Kumu koke i ke aloaliʻi, a aole emi koke loaʻa i ka lani kiekie loa o ka huakaʻi - Field Ilamuku. He hiki ke olelo aku, galloping ke kome ma hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pili i ke ola ana o na mau poo elua, e like me ma ka aupuni a pau.

Kaumaha ai oukou ia helu P. Shuvalov

Kela manawa, i ka 1745, helu Shuvalov, ua ulu ka papahana ma luna o ka ohi ana o ke kino auhau, a me ka hakakā arrears. Empress ike aku la i loko o ia ia i kekahi kanaka i hiki ke kupu mai ka mua nani o ka moku'āina. Ua hoolohe pono i kona manaʻoi hāpai 'ia no ka hope o ka pololei auhauʻauhau'ēʻaʻe, eʻauhau uku no ka poʻe kaua o ka paakai ohi o minting lepeta (o nā paona o ke keleawe i ka mineta me ka hapa, a laila, eha manawa like ka nui o ke kālā, a lawe nui e pono ai i ka waihona waiwai). Akā, me ka Empress hou hāpai i ka puahiohio o ka lealea, no laila, mana ua i nā kia ma ka lima o ke kuko a me ka kala-pōloli Peter Ivanovich.

I ka 1753, i kona kamaʻilio, Ua hoopau ka maloko oihana dute, a ma ka 1755 i ka wa o ka hou dute kanawaiʻeleu komo i maliuʻia.

Loli i ka poe koa

Kela manawa, i ka 1751, ka wā P. Shuvalov lilo mau-i-luna, ka mea, ua aneane unchallenged kauoha o ka mahele. He hōʻike kupaianaha ikaika, neʻe a me ka hookuke kookoo, nooaai? Ia, kahiko ana Māhele a hoʻoili kona lol;. Keia, e hele mai i loko o mākaukau ma hope ma, ka wā e ke kaua, ehiku-makahiki me Prussia i ka 1756

A pau o nā koa helu Shuvalov i aʻo kaua, a me ka hookoe mau pūʻali, a oia no he kanakolu tausani kanaka. Kēia hihia Ua kama'āina iā ia, aʻo ia ana ke hoʻoholo 'ia nā mea i ho'ākāka' ana o nā pū hou, hou pū a me nāʻaʻahu aliʻi.

I ia manawa, ua hoonohoia oia i General-feldtseyhmeysterom, a 'o ia hoʻi ka noho luna ana o ke kaua a me ka hana' enekinia, mau pūʻali. Helu Shuvalov deploys aʻo hana Gunners, a waiho i ke Senate i kekahi papahana e hana i kekahi hou howitzer.

Me ka hele ana i loko o oaoieei-lāliʻi, ka mea e e kaulana ia no nae ia, a ua lilo, akā, ka mea, ua hoʻokuʻikahi. Akā, ma hope o ka mea i kapaia o "reʻema lā" i ka piʻi like. Kēia howitzer gunners invented M. Danilov a me Sergei Martynov, a me ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia i kākoʻo infantry hakakä i loko o aneane he haneri makahiki ma hope o kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. Ka inoa ua pili me ka makemake e hoomalimali i ke kia ao ma luna o kona höʻailona i depicted keia fantastic holoholona.

Ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ke Kauna Peter Shuvalov

Ke kii o ka reʻema lāʻekolu me i loko o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ke Kauna Shuvalov. Mua, ka mea, ua poe ma luna o ka papa, a me ka lua,ʻo ia kaua i ka pale kaua a me ka, ke kolu, a hiki i ka hema o ka mahiole a me ka helu pono ia ana o ka lei alii. A ekolu grenades hoʻomanaʻo no ka ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o Elizabeth. Ke oia ua olelo mai a me ka palapala.

Ma ka emi o Elizabeth I

Helu Shuvalov ia Elizabeth i ka de Na facto poo o ka Lūkini aupuni. A pau e paipai i ka helu ua kūkākūkā i loko o ka Senate. Eia naʻe, unselfishness, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka hoahānau, ia mea okoa. Pinepine kana hana pomaikai ia a me ka hoʻopilikia maoli i ka waihona waiwai.

O ke koa, ka mea, i ka pono e kuai aku i ka ulu lāʻau, a me ka momona blubber. Lawaiʻa no ka iʻa a me ka sila ma ka White Sea a me Caspian Sea ua i kona monopoly. Helu Shuvalov komo i loko o ka paka kuai aku, la oia i ka mea maikaʻi loa hao hana. A wahine, i State-lede Elizabeth ua olelo mai ia i loaa mai searchers kaua, a hoʻolilo 'ia' ana no ke kala.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Elisabeta, ma naʻe o ka maikaʻi e pili ana Peter III, Earl hoʻomaka e kiʻi maʻi, a make iho la i ka 1762. Kona maikai a me ka ikaika ano kāna moʻolelo i ka hiki e hoonohonoho i na mea, a lawe mai i na mea a pau a hiki i ka hopena. No keia mea, noho iho la i kona ola ana i ka mana, pīhoihoi Kauna Shuvalov. Kona Kawaihae hōʻike i ka mea, ua he kanaka kekahi, akā, wā aloha mai manamana lima, ua nō i hoʻohana 'arrogant a fabulously waiwai pakuhi.

Hooilina Kauna Pyotr

Kekahi makemake kuhi i ke Kauna i haʻalele i ka nui waiwai ma hope o kona make ana. No ka mea, ke kala wale kahe i kona muliwai. Naʻe, i kēia i ole pela. Earl ua he loa extravagant kanaka. Kona hope - keiki Andrei Petrovich - waiho wale aie i loko o ka nui o ka 92 tausani rubles. Akā, i loko o ke au mai o Ana Andrei Petrovich i ole OIeAAeO ~, a lilo iho la i kenekoa, kuhina councilor, ke kiaaina o ka Bank a me ka mea kākau. He wahi hou a ke aliʻi o nā helu Shuvalov, ka mea i noho mua ma ka XIX kenekulia.

Kaikuaʻana Shuvalov

Alexander (1710-1771) pu me kona kaikaina i hiki ai i ke alo o Peter I, a me ka hoʻomaka 'ana o kona' oihana me heʻaoʻao. Akā, ke koko, e like me ka pā hale o Princess Elizabeth, oia ua ma ka malama ana i kona hoʻokele waiwai iwilei. I ia mau lā ka mea, ua he kūlana kiʻekiʻe.

Ma hope o ka hale coup, ma i na hoahanau elua i kaʻeleu loa, Alexander hele aku i loko o ka ulu. E hoʻomaka me ka 1742, ka mea wale nō ke hoopa aku i na mea o ke Alakai Chancellery, akā, makemake ia i ka Empress ia ia i haalele.

Ua hookoia ka Papa Aleksandra Nevskogo, laila paka i ka lutanela-nui, he uuku hope - ma mau adjutants. A ma ka 1746 ma mua mai ka mea, ua helu Shuvalov Aleksandr Ivanovich, ke kūapoʻana i nā kūlana o ka maʻi poo o ka Ho 'Chancellery a me ka poo o kona laila i kona ola a pau.

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Elizabeth I a me Peter III i ka 1762 e e makaʻu, aʻAʻole makemake. Akā, i pili ia i ka hana me ka kalepa mea, i ke kōkua ho okumu ana i ka moku'āina. Elizaveta Petrovna aole poina malama pono hope, a i hookoia aku la ia ia i ka 1753 o ka lani kiekie loa ia nā kumu kāki no ka Russian aupuni a pau - i ka Papa Hanohano o St .. Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Hope Shuvalov a lilo i kenekoa a mau kahua ilāmuku. Ma hope iho o ka noho alii ana o Ana, i hoouna aku ai i kona mau waiwai ma Moscow ia. Ma ke ala, na hoahanau ekolu, ka mea, ua ka loa uninteresting kanaka e hiki ke olelo aku, colorless.

domesticity

Graf Aleksandr Ivanovich i mare i Ekaterina Ivanovna Kastyurinoy. Kuko a me ka pī i keia ohana, nui loa ka minamina i kālā ma luna o ke kapa i befit lākou kūlana. ke kaikamahine a Ana i hānau i loko o ko laua mare ana, a ua haawiia ma ka mare ana, e helu G. I. Golovkina.

A lohe o Alexander I ka mea, lilo iho la ia i ka Moku'āina-lede. Aia ka speculation i kona Moscow wahi i hānauʻia A. S. Pushkin. Ua mea hoihoi ma ka hana keaka, a me kona pā kaua lilo i ka iwi kuamoo o na hula o ka Bolshoi Ballet. O kāna mau keiki, he mau keikiʻole, a me ke kaikamahine ua i mare. No laila, i kēia lala Shuvalov keiki kakou nana ia.

Ma ke kumu o Shuvalov poʻe ke manaʻo o kekahi poe i ka ia kanaka nana i ka ia kumu.