Heluna kanaka a me ka wahi o Bashkiria. Repubalika o Bashkortostan: ke poʻo, Peresidena, hoʻokele waiwai, ke ano maoli

Iauaeoia oo? Ecia, mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua e hele mai i ka repubalika, e noiʻi i kona moʻomeheu a me ka nanea i ka mea makau. Area Bashkiria nui a me ka nohona a me ka hana ano. Inā 'oe a mau loa aku ka makemake e hele ma laila - e hōʻoia i ka hana ia.

moʻolelo

No ka mea manawa mua o ka repubalika a me kona poe kanaka i olelo ia i loko o ka palapala pono o 10th ke kenekulia. He mauna o Bashkiria i noho kekahi hapa o ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka, oiai kekahi poe i noho i loko o ka nui steppes. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhi hana - huli holoholona, holoholona mahinaai a me ka lawaiʻa.

Ma ka 12-14 kenekulia ka, a pau i hooluhiia na Bashkirs ma ka Tatar-Mongols, ka iā Goga ma hope o ka'opi o ka loa ola o ka lāhui kanaka ua ma ua lü - na kanaka naau, hakina. I ka 1557 ka mea i manao e accede i ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka wahi hoʻomaka e e na kanaka] Bashkortostan. mau pakaua Ua hoʻokumuʻia e hoʻopale ai i kaʻenemi ho'āhewa wale. Na kamaaina i hookama Lūkini hana o ka mahiʻai. Ma ka 18th kenekulia ka mea, lilo iho la i ka piko o Yuzhnyy Ural hoʻouku oihana puolo.

Bashkirs i loko o ko na kauwa 'War kaʻeleu loa. Lākou paukū Ua alakaʻi ma ka haku mele, a me ka loea koa alakaʻi Salavat Yulaev, lawe pio e ke Aupuni, a hoouna aku la i loko o ke pioʻana ma hope o ka make. A laila, lilo iho la oia i kekahi aupuni meʻe.

Me ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā Soviets i hana i ka hana nona iho repubalika. I ka makahiki 1992, ma ka pili 'o Randy me ka'opi o ka Soviet Union, a me ka loli o ke Aupuni, ka mea i Kapa hou i ke. Beautiful aina i kapaia o ka Repubalika o Bashkortostan. He no laila, ua ike ia i keia la. I ka nīnau "Pehea na makahiki o Bashkortostan?" Ua hiki ole ke pane unequivocally. E like me ka māhele kaawale o ka repubalika, ua hookumuia oia maluna o 700 makahiki aku nei. Akā, i kona hānauʻana lā mai ka hapalua like 15th kenekulia - ka mea, ua laila i ka mea i hoohuiia e Rusia.

'āpana Bashkiria

Ka Lepupalika Ua aia ma ka hema o ka Ural Mountains, ma ka huli ana oʻEulopa a me Asia. E pili Perm, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg māhele 'āina. Ma ke komohana a me ka akau-komohana pili i Tatarstan a me Udmurtia, kekahi me kekahi. Ke mau 'āpana o Bashkiria - (keia mea 0,8% o ka huina ?? eoi? O Rusia) 143 o 600 tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika.

Kapikala o ka Lepupalika o ke kulanakauhale o Ufa. Beloretsk, Ishimbai, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Salavat, Sibai, Sterlitamak - i kekahi kulanakauhale nui, i hoʻolaha Bashkiria. I ka 'ōlelo me ka i, e manawalea kona nā kupa - Russian. Ka mea, i olelo aku ai i ko lakou hanau Bashkir, a ma kekahi wahi e poeko ma Tatar kanaka. Ka nui o ke aupuni (e like me ka helu 2010) - 1.172.287 kanaka. Aia nō a puni 2 miliona Bashkirs.

Weather a me ka Climate

Lepupalika aniau - Hawaiian. Weather ma Bashkiria lolilua, unpredictable manawa. Low mauna huahelu 'aʻole i hiki ole i ka anal o ka Siberian ea nuipa a.

Ka luna hoʻomalu e mahana i loko o ke aupuni. Ke ana wela i loko o ka hehi Piedmont Ural ciia punohu i ka 40 degere. Ka awelika July ka mahana ua mālama i ke kūlana o ka 16 a hiki i 20 ° C. Ka helu o nā lā lā i loko o ke kapikala - i loko o ka'āina o ka 260. ka hooilo ma Bashkiria mea he nui. Noke ka mahana Ua kokoke 15 degere, akā, i kekahi manawa, ana wela kulu e -40 ° C. Steppes typical makani ino mai ai e puhi aku i ka hau, mai ka ke kiekie wahi Urals awawa. Snowʻikea i loko o Sepatemaba, a mau a hiki i April. Weather ma Bashkiria hilinaʻi nui i ka makani, ma ka awelika, ka mea, i ka luna mämä holo 3,4-5,2 mau mika kekona päkahi.

ke ano maoli

Ka hapa nui o na iauaeoia oo? Ecia e hele mai i loko o ka aina, e loaa ia ia kona like ano. Holo ma Bashkiria, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e kikoo mai i ka coniferous a me ka deciduous ululaau. Haʻaheo a majestically aia i loko o kēia mau aliʻi laau hukaa, malamalama Lime, platanoides maple, pahi kaʻa. Ke kahi mea waiwai i loko o flora chic a me nā aaoa - holoholona i mea typical o ke taiga, e noho ana i loko o kēia mau ululaau. ʻiole, jays,ʻili a me hedgehogs - e like me ka mau o na holoholona i ke hoohei mai ia i nā maka o nā iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Ka nahele-hehi Bashkiria mea waiwai i loko o na alopeke, na iliohae a me ka hare hoi, kekahi manawa oe e hālāwai dia. Ma na wahi loa e wehe ae noho ma ka prairie rodents. Near na aieou noho gulls a me Duck. Hehi'āina mea sparse laau, na mea kanu e uuku, ulu kiliala - ovsets a me ka hulu. O ka na kamaaina - aina squirrels, jerboa. He nui manu o ka pio -ʻaeto,ʻaeto, lupe. Pinepine ka mea, hiki ke ike hoʻolahalahai ma loko o ka lewa paha e noho ana ma luna o nā kumu - no laila ka mea, e kiai ana, a nana mai no ka waiwai pio. Zauralye hehi o ic ?? e teeming me ka manu, a kokoke i ka muliwai 'oe e hālāwai me ka poʻe e noho lā ma ke kokoke ululaau.

mauna o Bashkiria

I ka papa kuhikuhiE attraction o Bashkortostan - o kona nani kuahiwi. Eia nō ka nui mauna o ka Hawaiian Urals - i ke ala o nā vertices Yamantau mai a lehulehu muliwai kahe ia. Kekahi kaulana mauna - laa Iremal, pii ma ia a hiki i ka 19th kenekulia, Ua pololei i papaia. Mountain Premel - makuwahine o nā muliwai, auau ma i hiki ke hoopiiia ma kupaianaha ikaika no ka lōʻihi makahiki mamua.

Aia nā kaʻao e pili ana i ke ano o na mauna Jurack Tau, Kush-Tau, Shakh-Tau a me Tra-Tau. Ua ua manaoio i na makahiki aku nei keleawe hololio Ghaxaq i loko o ke aloha a me ka kaikamahine o ka mea kahiko Ural, Agidel nani. He ho'āʻo ia,ʻo ka noonoo ana o ke kaikamahine, akā, i kona mau manaʻo, he ae. Noho Ghaxaq laila, i kona lio, a hahai ma hope o kāna mea i aloha ai. E loaa mai, oia ku ia ia me ka hahau i huhu kahiko ke kanaka Urals. Mai la oia i kana kaikamahine i loko o ka hoʻokēʻai muliwai, Ghaxaq a hiki i hopu i ka hewa Agidel - wai kahe ma kona mau lima.

He manao e hoouna aku i ke kaikamahine i ka nisu, akāʻo ia i i hoopakele. A pau ike Ghaxaq, kona kaili ana mai i ka umauma iho naau, kiola ia ma na wawae o kona aloha. Ua hoopa mai ia ia, akā, e hoʻi i kino kanaka kona, a hiki ole. Ano, ma ka loa, he eha Sheehan - Jurack Tau (naau), Kush-Tau (manu), Shah-Tau (Ghaxaq) a me Tra-Tau (mauna ohana Bashkirs).

muliwai

Na muliwai, a me me na mauna, i ka haaheo o ka repubalika nui. Ka nui a me ka loa ikaika loa muliwai o Bashkiria - White. Ua kahe, ka mea meanders ma PREDURALIE, a ma ke komohana? Uyie. Kona hoʻokupu - muliwai Nugush, SIM, Ufa a me Dema. Ma Nowemapa, ma hope o ka hanahana loa aiʻaihueʻia, ka muliwai hikiwawe loa ledeneyut. Ma hope o 5 malama, ka mea, i nā thawed.

Ma ka mau o ka nahele a me steppes e hiki ke helu i ka nui helu o ic ?? o kekahi nui. Ka mea, i ka laulā, akā,ʻaʻole a hohonu, a me na mea he nui o lakou, ua ulu me kaʻohe, Marsh cinquefoil a me nā mea kanu. kekahi mau ic ?? - hou, kapiia lakou a pau, akā, ka mea, i nā mea a pau he maikai i loko o lākou individuality.

Nature me ke koe

Ka hapa nui o ka wahi ua ku Bashkiria waiwai ano me ke koe.

• State Reserve. Aia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka deciduous a me ka birch ululaau, Aia kokoke i ka māhū-Ural steppes. Flora a? Aaoa mea nui loa kona waiwai, o ka hale i nā mammals a me ka nui carnivores. Reserve limahana kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka mālama a me ka? Aneii o ka manu a me na holoholona, he nui no i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka Red Book.
• Shulgan-Tash. Ma ka Russian Hui loaʻa nāʻaʻohe analogues o keia wahi - ke koena ua palekana a? Anoee hihiu nalo hopeʻeha puha laau. Ka mea, i hoopuni hoolilo anu a me ka hoʻopale i ka maʻi, a me kā lākou productivity kiekie me ka nui loa. ¶ A i loko o ke koena e hoomalu ana pohihihi keia manu.
• Bashkir National Park. Piha me ka pohihihi laha 'o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia i ka manawa e hele i ka? Aneeo ala (pela papahana? Ooia).

kēia Bashkiria

Bashkortostan - kekahi o ka loa hoʻokele waiwai ka pilina paʻa wahi o Russian Hui. Repubalika i ka hoʻomōhala i ka hana, a me ke poʻo mea maikaʻi no ka hana (e like me Forbes Loipālākiō). Kāki o ka poe e ola ana i loko o Bashkiria ua hoonoho ia e ke aupuni i loko o ka nui o ka 8691 rubles no capita. No ka hana - 9205, no ka pensioners - 7061, no na keiki - 8856.

Ma nā mahinaʻai o ka mahi hua a me ka hanalima ulu ma luna aina - hipa, lio a me nā manuʻaiʻia. Popularly hulu hipa? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka beekeeping. ulu o kaʻaila hoohehee maemae au ia i loko o ke aupuni, 'enekinia, a me ka metalworking. Bashkiria nā hale hana pū ma ka woodworking a? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kūkulu mea.

Ma ka palena o ka repubalika, he 1644 mālama '-kula kulanui, 1587 kula, a he 10 kula aupuni.

Travel

? Ecia - kekahi o na kumu nui wahi o ke ola i loko o Bashkortostan. ka mea, ua pinepine kapaia ka lua o ka Kuikilana no ka mea, o ke 'ano o ke kumu waiwai. E hele ana ma luna o ka hele ana, e hiki eʻoiaʻiʻo:ʻaneʻi ke kaumaha oe i likeʻole koho no? Aaoee ma sanatoriums a me nā hōkele. Oe ke hooki i ka oo? Aacu, i ka nohoʻana ma hotel a Bedroom nā hōkele.

Bashkortostan Repubalika e kaumaha ana, e lawe ka lanakila o ka lehulehu Hiking'ūlili. Kāu koho - haneri o ke kau a me ka hooilo oeia Kauai, me maalo ae la oia ma ke kapikala a me ke koe nō. No ka makemake o ka lio ana, rafting ma catamarans a Alakai ma laila pū leʻaleʻa. Oe ke puke Ski a paikikala huakaʻi, snowmobile safaris, trekking, speleotury a hemahema hoi i ka makaikai kaapuni.

Ufa - ke kapikala o Bashkiria

Ufa o Nyos i loko o ka konu o Bashkiria, ma ka confluence o ekolu nā muliwai. I ka moolelo o ke kulanakauhale nā lā hoʻi i ka 1574 - ka wā Ufa i ka mua Lūkini pā kaua. Ke kiʻekiʻe o ua kīkoʻo akula kona aoao a pau ma luna o ka'āina, i ka pā kaua, e malama i ka pale, a noonoo i ka ino o ka poe enemi.

Ke kūlanakauhale Ua hamama i ka malihini lehulehu hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma kahi au e ike hana keaka a me ka Comedy, keaka mele a me ka Ballet, e makaala i ka puppet hōʻike. Iauaeoia oo? Ecia e pana aku au i kā lākou manawa ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha no ke aupuni o ke kūlanakauhale, e like me ka nana aku i na haipule kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a, e hele i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Ufa - He maikai loa a me ka nani loa kulanakauhale. Ma nā kihi o ka busiest alanui i loko o ke ahiahi lalani i Lime, popela maka a me ka Maple laau. Houses i UAIAaIN ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau, a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau - hale. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Kahiāuli Ho'ā o ke kūlanakauhale - manao ma kela aoao o ka muliwai Vistas. Ka mea, e loaʻa a hiki i ka maka kapa ole: i ka mamao 'oe ke' ike i ka uliuli floodplain, kaikoo curves o ic ?? a me ka muliwai e hele mālie aʻela ma luna o ka moana lipolipo. Kekahi ke ike i ka iki ae la a puni ka puu, uhi me ka huali'ōmaʻomaʻo. Ma ke komohana - he'āina hoʻohiwahiwa Demos muliwai awawa me ka awa lulu, ulu lāʻau a me nā kahakai - he hawaii kahi punahele o ka poʻe noho ma o ke kulanakauhale.

Head o ka repubalika

I ka 2014, no ka lua o ka makahiki,ʻo ia i koho Rustem Zakievich Hamitov. hoomaka ae la kona 'oihana pili aupuni me kona hookohu ia i Luna hoomalu o ke Komisina i? aneie nīnūnē, lailaʻo ia i hana i ka luna hoʻokele o ke kula,, a ua lilo iho la ia i hoʻolilo' ia e lawelawe i ka 1994 'ia. Ma hope ona - na makahiki o ka hana i loko o ka Moe 'ole. I ka makahiki 2010, mua Peresidena o Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov haʻalele. Ua kohoia Rustem Khamitov ma kona wahi Dmitriem Medvedevym. National Ahaolelo o ke Aupuni Lepupalika, e kākoʻo i kona candidacy. July 15, 2010 Rustem Zakievich Hamitov kauoha aku ka hoʻomaka 'hana ma luna o kēia kuleana pou.

Khamitov wa opiopio, ka haʻaheo he aloha o nā haʻuki, ulu lahui hoahanau. Peresidena o Bashkortostan holo ÿana ma ka aina, ka mea, ua 'Imi' ole i loko o nā mea a pau o kona ola ana.

ku'una meaʻai

• Bishbarmak - hoolapalapaia horsemeat a me ke keiki hipa, oki i apana. E like me kaʻaoʻao pa - na noodles me ke kai, mai kaʻai.
• Maloo sausage i mai horsemeat.
• Sweet a palemo iho me ka waiū (pōkole).
• Berry ke kanakē.
• Male ka waiū - waiu inu, i ua i mai kona kua ka waiū. Ka vinega ono koumiss pomaikai kuaiia nā hualoaʻa a.
• Shindy - ka nānā 'ana ka mea inu mānoanoa ko germinated rai a me ka bale.
• Airan - ka vinega waiu nāu kekahi me ka wai. Pololei kumu i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka make wai.

kuʻuna kapa

A lōʻihi Awaits me ka pūliki koa, a me ka pōkole sleeveless lākeke (kamzul), pohole ma luna - ke kumu o ke kane aupuni lole. Mehana sheepskinʻili a me mehana ka hooilo kapakomo (Gilles). Ma na wawae - nā kamaʻa puki me ka lole tibia a me ka pahee welau o ka ili (Saryk) a me ka lima-i ili kamaa (kata). Ka poe ilihune i ke komo kamaa. Ma ke poo hiki ke kau ma luna o ka skullcap, a ma luna - he chap o otter a beaver.

Women Lole - ākea, lōʻihi na puupuu wawae-lōʻihi ua kahikoia a nani, i humuia ma ka lepa o nā pōpō ribbons. Ka malamalama OAAIeOO ua hoʻokomoʻia luna'Epane waiwai humuhumu a me ka haawi, koli iho ma na kihi tinsel. Like mawaho kapa hoʻohana gowns, ai kāhikoʻia me ka buckles a me nā lei, ma ka hooilo - he für kapa. Headgear - scarf Kaliko a me für ua inaina i ka. Shoes e like me ka poe kanaka: Saryk me ka humuhumu, kata me nā kuʻekuʻe. Girls mai ka waiwai mauʻohana apo i keʻano o ka Jewelry: apo, pūpū, nā kūpeʻe, nā apo pepeiao, pendants.

Currently oe ke 'ike kuʻuna costumes ma ka kūpuna a me na hang, like hoʻi me ka hana ana o ke kanaka ka hula a me nā mele.

hōʻuluʻulu hanana

• Day Bashkiria me ka hookamaia o ke Kuahaua o State ea o ka Repubalika pili. Ua Ua hookahakaha ma 11 October.
• Kumukanawai Day - December 24.
• Eid AL-Fitr - kaulana e like me ka Helu 'alemanaka. Hamka i loko o ka hanohano o ka pau ana o ka hoʻokēʻai mahina o Lamadana.
• Eid AL-Adha - like me ka Holiday mua i loko o Bashkortostan, hoonohoia ma ka Helu 'alemanaka. He he Islamic ahaaina kaulana, e hoomanao i ka mohai o kaula Ibrahim.
• Sabantuy. i ka manawa o ka hookahakaha hoʻokumuʻia e ke kānāwai Aupuni. Paa ana i ka hanohano o ka hopena o ke kupulau kahua hana.
• Salauat yyyyny - kekahi Holiday ma Bashkortostan, ka Republican nā loina ahaaina i loko o ka hanohano o Salavat Yulayev.

Wahi ke kumukuai o ke kipa

Walker ma Ufa? E kipa i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka Bashkir kuhikuhipuʻuone - ka Ilina o Hussein-Beck, a Keshene (i loko o ka "hale o ka palaho" unuhi). Ke aupuni '40 kilomika mai ke kapikala, i ka manawa o ko lākou kūkulu - ka 11th a me ka 13th kenekulia pakahi.

Ke hookoe Shulgan-Tash kekahi, ma Kapova ana (akau kapa o ka White). Me ekolu palaoa huina pau loa o 1.8 kilomika, ia mea hiʻona'āina archeology he nui. Ka National Park "Bashkiria" mea he maoli alahaka Kuperlya. He nui nā makahiki aku nei, o ka muliwai wāwahi ma ka lola honua Kanal, ho okumu i ka nui ana, a hina no ka nui me ka manawa a me ka hana i ka hana o ke akamai - kona kuleana mau, e kau nō ia ma o ka muliwai me he alahaka.

Birsk oe ke aʻo a pau e pili ana i hoolaʻi akamai o ka 'ōiwi kanaka o Bashkortostan. Aia He He hola o ke akamai huahana, i produces souvenirs mai capo-aa (ka ulu ana ma luna o na aa a me kona kino, o ka birch) a me ka likeʻole Pottery.

Lepupalika hoʻolaha nui moʻomeheu kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me nā kahua, i mea ole me ka - ka mea, ua pono loa maikai. Hoa aloha e kipa Bashkortostan Ufa plateau ma kekahi wahi (lalo iho Ufa River). Ke manao ua hemolele: hookeai muliwai, ka honua ma nā ululāʻau, ana a me sinkholes, kuikui no i kumu - mai a pau o keia mea breathtaking!

Nature Bashkir impresses me kona kū hoʻokahi a me ka inexplicable nani. Ma na olelo, he mea hiki ole i ka wehewehe a pau o kona kupanaha wahi, akā, e hiki ike ia ola. I ka hoʻolala i kekahi manawa, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e manaʻo o Bashkortostan - he kupanaha māhele'āina me ka waiwai maoli.