Histamine h2 mea loaʻa blockers: inoa o ka ai '

'O kēia hui i loko o nā hana ho'omōhalaolaola a kekahi o nā alaka'i, no nā mea e koho ai i ka mālama'ana i nā ma'i ma'i ma'i. Ua'ike'ia ka loa'a'ana o nā H2 o nā puliki o histamine i nā makahiki i hala aku nei i ka nui loa o ka lā'au lapa'au, e kōkua ana i ka hō'oia'ana i nā kumukū'ai a me nā pilikia pili i nā pilikanaka. Mahalo i nā ho'omākaukau'ana o nā H2-blockers, ua'oi aku ka maika'i o nā hopena o ka ma'i o nā ma'i o ka ma'i ma'i, a ua ho'ohana maika'i'ia nā hana pākiki e like me ka hiki'ole, ua ho'omaika'i ka maika'i o ke ola o nā ma'i. Ua kapa'ia "Cimetidine" he "pale gula" no ka ma'i o nā ma'i ma'i, "Ranitidine" i ka makahiki 1998 i lilo i mea kū'ai mo'olelo i ke kaukamai. 'O ke kumukū nui a me ke kumu kū'ai o ka ho'omākaukau.

E ho'ohana

Hā'awi'ia ka H2 nā'ākia o nā mīkini hō'ailona histamine e mālama i nā ma'i ma'i āpau e pili ana i ka ma'i. 'O ka mechanism of action is the blocking of H2 receptors (kapa'ia he histamine) mau pūnaewele o ka mucosa kahe. No kēia kumu, ke emi nei ka hana a me ka komo'ana i loko o ka lumen o ka'ōpū o ka waikawa chlorhydric. 'O kēia pū'ulu lā'au lapa'au e pili ana ia i nā lā'au'alo'olo.

Ho'ohana'ia ka hapanui o nā H2 pōkia o nā hō'ailona histamine i nā mea hō'ike o ka ulcer peptic. 'O ka H2 nā mea paakiki'a'ole i ho'oemi wale i ka hana'ana o ka waiuma hydrochloric, akā,'o ka ho'opau'ana i ka pepsin, ho'onui'ia ka piko o ka'āpana, ka pi'i'ana o ka ho'omana o prostaglandins, ho'onui'ia ka'ike'ana o nā bicarbonates. 'O ka'oihana ka'a'oi o ka'ōpū e ho'onanea ana, hana hou ka microcirculation.

Hō'ike no ka ho'ohana'ana i nā H2-blockers:

• 'O ka reflux kūmole;
• 'O nā pancreatitis a me nā'āpana;
• 'O Dyspepsia;
• Zollinger-Ellison ma'i;
• Nā ma'i i ho'oulu'ia i ka hanu hau'oli;
• 'O ka gastritis a me ke duodenitis;
• 'O ko Barrett'ōpū;
• Nā ma'i me nā ma'i'eha o ka mucosa ho'opohala;
• 'O ka ma'i'ōpū;
• Nā lā'au lapa'au a me nā ma'i ma'i;
• 'O kā Dyspepsia e ho'omau me ka umauma a me ka'eha'eha;
• 'O ka mastocytosis pūnaewele;
• No ka pale'ana i ka ma'i ma'i;
• Ka ma'i o Mendelssohn;
• Ka palekana'ana i ka pneumonia hopena;
• Ka huki'ana i ka'ao'ao o ka'ao'ao ki'eki'e o ka'ao'ao.

H2 nā ku'i o nā hō'ailona histamine: ka ho'ohui'ana i nā lā'au lapa'au

Aia kekahi ho'ohālikelike o kēia hui lā'au. Ua māhele'ia lākou e kekahi hanauna:

• 'O "Cimetidine" kēia no ka hanauna mua.
• "Ranitidine" - ka H2 pilikino o nā hō'ailona histamine o ka lua o ka hanauna.
• 'O ke kolu o ka hanauna'o "Famotidine."
• 'O ka hā o ka hanauna'o "Nizatidine."
• 'O ka lima o ka hanauna'o Roxatidine.

"Cimetidine" ka mea li'ili'i loa, no ka mea, ua pōkole loa kēia hapalua o ke ola, he mea nui ka hanana'ana o ka ate. Ho'opili ke kalaika me ka cytochrome P-450 (microzyal enzyme), me ka loli o ke ka'ina o ka hopena hepatic o ka xenobiotic. "Cimetidine" he mea hana āpau āpau o ka haipule i ka ma'i hepatic i waena o nā lā'au lapa'au. Ma kēia'ano, hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o kahi hana pākīpika, no laila hiki ke hō'ili'ili a ho'oulu i nā pilikia o nā hopena'ao'ao.

Ma waena o nā H2 pā'ani, "Cimetidine" ke komo pono i loko o nā'upena, a'o ia ho'i ka hopena i nā hopena i'oi a'e. Ke ho'ololi nei'o ia i ka testosterone hope mai ka pilina me nā pūkunipuni waha, me ka mea e uhaki i nā hana moekolohe, e alaka'i ai i ka emi'ana o ka mana, e ho'oulu i ka hilahila a me ka gynecomastia. "Cimetidine" hiki ke ho'onāuki i nā ku'una, ka ma'i pa'i, ka mealgia me ka hō'aho'ana, ka haninine koko nui, nā ho'ololi hematologic, nā ma'i CNS, nā hana immunosuppressive, nā ma'i o ke kino. 'O ka H2 nāna e mālama i nā hō'ailona histamine o ke kolu o ka hanauna - "Famotidine" - komo i lalo i loko o nā'ōpala a me nā'ōpiopio, a pēlā e ho'ēmi ai i ka helu o nā hopena'ao'ao. Mai ho'oku'u i ka pili o ka moekino a me nā lā'au lapa'au o nā hanauna hou - "Ranitidine", "Nizatidine", "Roxatidine." 'A'ole lākou a pau e pili pū me nā torogens.

Nā'ike like'ole o nā ho'omākaukau

Aia kekahi mau hō'ailona o H2 pākiho o nā mea hō'ailona o ka histamine (nā ho'omākaukau no ka hana'ana o ka'oihana'ē a'e),'o ka inoa'o "Ebrotidin", "Ranitidine bismuth citrate" ke kaawale,'a'ole ia he pa'ina ma'alahi, akā, he mea ma'alahi. Maanei, ka base - ranitidine - pili i ka lismuth citrate.

'O ka H2 nāna e mālama i nā hō'ailona histamine o ke kolu o ka hanauna "Famotidine" a me II - "Ranitidine" - he'oi aku ka koho'oi aku ma mua o "Cimetidine". 'O ka koho'ana he mea iho-pili a pilikino. "Famotidine" a me "Ranitidine" i'oi aku ka koho ma mua o "Cynitidine", e pili ana i nā haipina H2. No ka ho'ohālikelike: "'oi aku ka ikaika o ka" Famotidine "ma mua o" Ranitidine "'ewalu manawa," Cynitidine "- he kanahā manawa. Ua ho'oholo'ia nā'oko'a i ka ikaika mai ka'ikepili ma luna o ka like'ana o nā kau o nā H2-blockers e pili ana i ka ho'opau'ana i ka waiuma hydrochloric. 'O ka ikaika o nā pa'a me nā mea loa'a ka ho'oholo i ka lō'ihi o ka hopena. Inā pa'a ikaika ka lā'au lapa'au i ka li'ili'i, ho'oka'awale ha'aha'a, ua ho'oholo'ia ka lō'ihi o ka hopena. 'O ka ho'ohehe'e'ana o Basal o "Famotidine" i ka lō'ihi. E like me ka hō'ike'ana o nā ha'awina, "Cimetidine" ka hā'awi'ana i ka emi'ana o ka ho'onākomi basal no 5 mau hola, "Ranitidine" - 7-8 hola, 12 mau hola - "Famotidine."

'O ka H2-blockers kekahi o nā hui lā'au hydrophilic. Ma waena o nā hanauna a pau, "Cimetidine" ka mea i'oi aku ka hau'oli ma mua o nā mea'ē a'e,'oiai lipophilic lipophilic. 'O kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā ia ke komo i nā'ano like'ole, nā hopena ma nā haukapila H2, a hiki i nā hopena o nā hopena. "Ka" Famotidine "a me" Ranitidine "i mana'o nui loa i ka hydrophilic,'a'ole lākou e komo pono ma o nā kinikini, ko lākou hopena nui ma nā pūiho H2 o nā pū'ani li'ili'i.

'O ka helu ki'eki'e o nā hopena'ao'ao ma "Cimetidine." "Famotidine" a me "Ranitidine", ma muli o ka loli'ana i ke kahe hana,'a'ole e ho'ololi i ka hopena o nā enzymes hepiciki a ho'onui i nā hopena pili'ole.

Mō'aukala

Ua ho'omaka ka mo'olelo o kēia hui o H2-blockers i ka makahiki 1972. 'O kahi hui Pelekānia ma lalo o nā kūlana ho'olālā e alaka'i'ia e James Black e'imi a ho'ohuihui i kahi nui o nā pūnaehana i like me ke'ano o ka mole histamine. I ka manawa i'ike'ia ai nā pūnaewele palekana, ua ho'ouna'ia lākou no nā ho'okolohua'oko'a. 'O ka mea mua loa o ka boramide'a'ole i'oi loa. Ua ho'ololi'ia kona'ano, a ua lilo i methylamide. Ua'ike'ia ka'oi aku ka'oi aku o ka'oi aku ka'oi aku o ka'oihana'oihana, akā, ua'oi aku ka nui o ka wai'ino, i hō'ike'ia ma ke ano o granulocytopenia. 'O nā hana hou i alaka'i'ia i ka'ike'ana o "Cimetidine" ('o ka hanauna mua o nā lā'au lapa'au). 'O ka lā'au lapa'au kahi i ho'ā'o ai i ka ho'onā'au kino, i ka makahiki 1974 ua'āpono'ia. A laila ho'omaka lākou e ho'ohana i ka H2 pilikino o nā hō'ailona histamine i loko o ka'oihana olakino, he loli i ke kalo. 'O James Black i ka makahiki 1988 i loa'a no ka loa'a'ana o ka Nobel Prize.

'A'ole kū mālie nā'enepekema. Ma muli o nā hopena o nā hopena he nui o "cimetidine," ua ho'omaka nā mea noi'i ho'omau i ka huli'ana i nā pūnaewele'oi a'e. No laila ua'ike'ia kekahi mau mea hou H2 hou o nā hō'ailona histamine. Ho'opi'i nā lā'au'ae i ke kamelo, akā,'a'ole e ho'opili i kāna mau mea ho'onāukiuki (acetylcholine, gastrin). 'O nā hopena, "acid acid", ua ho'ohana'ia e nā mea'epekema e huli i nā mea hou no ka ho'emi'ana i ka wai'ona.

Ka lā'au ho'omana'o

Aia kekahi'oihana hou o nā lā'au lapa'au - pākīpika pīpī pālolo. 'Oi aku lākou i ka ho'opau'ana i ka wai, e like me ka hapa li'ili'i o nā hopena, ma ka manawa o ka hana a H2 nā mea pa'akikī o nā hō'ailona histamine. 'O nā lā'au lapa'au, nā inoa i helu'ia ma luna, ua ho'ohana'ia i nā hana ma'amau no ka nui o nā genetics, no nā kumu waiwai waiwai (pinepine i ka "Famotidine" ai'ole "Ranitidine").

Ho'ohālikelike'ia nā'enehana hō'ano hou e ho'emi ai i ka nui o ka waikawa hydrochloric i'elua mau papa nui: pākīpika pīpī pāku'i (PPI), a me H2 nā mea pa'i'ia o nā hō'ailona histamine. Ho'ohālike'ia nā lā'au lapa'au ma ka hopena o ka tachyphylaxis, i ka wā e ho'oponopono hou'ia ai ka ho'onui'ana o ka hopena ma'i. 'O ka IPP'a'ole ia he'ano pōkole, no laila,'a'ole like me ka H2 blockers, ua'ōlelo'ia lākou no ka ho'olā'au lō'ihi.

'O ke'ano o ka ulu'ana o nā tachyphylaxis me ka ho'ohana'ana i nā H2-blockers e'ike'ia mai ka ho'omaka'ana o ka ho'olālā i loko o 42 hola. Ke hō'owa'ia i ke koko o ka ma'i hanu ulcerative,'a'ole i'ōlelo'ia e ho'ohana i ka H2-blockers, hā'awi'ia ke koho i nā mea pa'i'ole o ka pāku'i proton.

Ke kū'ē

I kekahi mau mea, ka mea nāna e ho'opuka i ka mea ma'amau (caterpillate) histamine H2. Ke nānā nei kēia mau ma'i i ka pH o ka'ōpū,'a'ole i'ike'ia nā loli i ke ki'eki'e o ka wai'ona intragastric. I kekahi manawa, aia kekahi mau pale kū'ē i kekahi H2 o nā hui'elua o ka 2 a 3 paha o ka ho'ohālike a i'ole i nā mea pa'i'ia o ka pāku'i proton. Eia kekahi, no ka ho'onui'ana i ka hō'ailona ma ia'ano hihia'a'ole ia e hā'awi i kahi hopena, pono pono ke koho i kekahi'ano lā'au like'ē a'e. 'O ka ha'awina o kekahi mau H2-blockers, a me omeprazole (PPI) e hō'ike ana mai ka 1 a 5% o nā hihia i loa'a'ole nā loli i ka pH-metric. Me ka'ike ikaika o ke'ano o ka mālama'ana i ka mālama'ana i ka waiā, e no'ono'o'ia ka ho'olālā maika'i loa, kahi e nānā mua'ia ai ka pH-metrie i ka manawa mua, a ma ka lima a me ka hiku o ka lā o ka lā'au. 'O ka hiki'ana o nā ma'i me ke kūpa'a pa'a loa e hō'ike ana i loko o ka'oihana olakino,'a'ohe lā'au lapa'au e pono ai.

Nā Hua'ao'ao

H 2 nā'ekepeke o nā mea hō'ailona histamine e ho'oikaika i nā hopena'ao'ao me ka pinepine pinepine. 'O ka ho'ohana'ana i "cimetidine" ke kumu o ka "3.2% o nā hihia. "Famotidine - 1.3%," Ranitidine "- 2.7%.

• 'O ka huhū, ka po'o hina, ka hopohopo, ka luhi, ka hiamoe, ka maka'ala, ka pu'uwai, ka huhū, ka hana'ana, ka hana'ole, ka'ike'ole.
• Arrhythmia, e like me bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystole, asystole.
• 'O ke kuhi'ana a me ka pa'a'ana, ka'eha o ka'ōpū, ka lua'i, kausea.
• 'O ka pancreatitis nui.
• Ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana (ka wela, ka'āhuhu, ka myalgia, ka hō'ailona anaphylactic, arthralgia, erythema multiforme, angioedema).
• Ka ho'ololi'ana i nā ho'ā'o o ka ate hana, ka'aila a me ka hepatitis i piha me ka'ole jaundice.
• Ho'onui'ia ka creatinine.
• 'O nā ma'i o hematopoiesis (leukopenia, pancytopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anemia aplastic a me hypoplasia o ka lolo, hemolytic immune anemia.
• 'O ke kino.
• Gynecomastia.
• Alopecia.
• Ho'oemi'ia ka libido.

Loa'a ka hopena o ka ma'i Famotidine ma ka'āpana o ka ma'i kuni, kahi e ulu ai ka ma'i pa'i, ma nā mea kūikawā, ma ke'ano'ē, hiki ke kuhi. Hiki ke'ike'ia ka hō'ailona ma muli o nā hopena hō'eha. Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o ka waihydchloric i ka'ōpū e emi iho ana, pi'i ka pi'i pH. I kēia'ano, ho'ololi li'ili'i ka pepsinogen i pepsin, kahi e kōkua ai i ka ha'iha'i'ana o nā protein. Hiki ke'ānai'ia nā'eha, a ho'onui pinepine'ia ka ma'i pa.

Kū'ē

Aia nā'āpana o nā hō'ailona H2 histamine i kahi mau lā'au lapa'au i loa'a nā hō'ai'ē e like me kēia no ka ho'ohana'ana:

• Nā hō'ino i ka hana o nā pu'upa'a a me ke ake.
• 'O ka Cirrhosis o ke akepa'a (portosystemic encephalopathy ma ka hana hana).
• Lactation.
• 'O ke olakino i nā lā'au lapa'au o kēia hui.
• 'O ka'ōpū.
• Nā keiki i lalo o 14 makahiki.

'O ka pilina me nā'ano'ē a'e

H 2 nā mea'ele'ele o nā mīkini hō'oia o histamine, ka mea o ka hana i kēia manawa e ho'omaopopo'ia, aia kekahi mau hana pili lā'au pharmacokinetic.

Ka hopena ma ka'ōpū. Ma muli o nā hopena hō'eu'eu, hiki i ka H2 nā mea pā'ani ke ho'ololi i ka lawe'ana o kēlā mau lā'au lapa'au, kahi e pili ana i ka pH, no ka hiki'ole i nā lā'au lapa'au ke ho'ēmi i ke kēkelē o ka ho'opili'ana a me ka ionization. "Cimetidine" hiki ke ho'emi i ka'ona o ia mau lā'au lapa'au e like me "Antipyrine", "Ketoconazole", "Aminazine" a me nā papa hana hao. No ka hō'ole'ana i ka hō'emi'ana o ka hopena, pono e mālama nā lā'au i 1-2 mau lā ma mua o ka ho'ohana'ana i nā H2-blockers.

'O ka haipule'o ka hepa. H 2 nā mea pa'i o nā hō'ailona histamine (nā ho'omākaukau'ana o ka hanauna mua loa) me ka hui pū me ka cytochrome P-450,'o ia ka pūve oxidant. Ke ho'onui'ia ka hapalua o ka ho'opau'ana, hiki ke ho'olō'ihi i ka hana a hiki i ka loiloi loa o ke lā'au lapa'au, e hiki ke'ike'ia, kahi i ho'onui'ia i 74%. 'O ka mana'oi loa me ka cytochrome P-450 ka cimetidine, he 10 manawa'oi aku ma mua o Ranitidine. 'A'ohe pilina me "Famotidine" i loa'a. No kēia kumu, i ka ho'ohana'ana i "Ranitidine" a me "Famotidine"'a'ole he'aha i ka hō'ailona hepatic o ka lā'au lapa'au, ai'ole ia e hō'ike ana iā ia iho ma kahi kūlana ha'aha'a. Me ka ho'ohana'ana o ka "Cimetidine" i ka ho'opili'ia'ana no nā lā'au lapa'au ua ho'emi'ia e 40%, a he mea nui kēia.

I ka uku o ka hepatic koko pele. Hiki ke ho'emi i ke kahe o ke kahe hepic i 40% me ka ho'ohana'ana o "Cimetidine", a me "Ranitidine", hiki i ka ho'oha'aha'a'ana i ka ho'okaho o ka ho'ohemo ki'eki'e. "Famotidine" i loko o kēia mau hihia,'a'ole ia e ho'ololi i ka lihi o ke kahe o ke kahe.

'O ka excretion o nā pu'upa'a. Hūnā'ia nā H2-blockers me ka'ikele'a hana o nā pūnaewele. I kēia mau kumu, hiki ke hana i nā pilina me nā lā'au laulā like'ole inā hana'ia ka hopena o lākou ma nā'ano like. "Imethidine" a me "Ranitidine" hiki ke ho'ēmi i ka ho'onui maika'i'ole i 35% o ka novocainamide, quinidine, acetylnocainamide. "'A'ole pili ka" Famotidine "i ka unuhi'ana o kēia mau lā'au lapa'au. Eia kekahi, ua hiki i kona lapa'au ke hā'awi i kahi kaulike ha'aha'a i loko o ka plasma, kahi i'oi'ole ka hakakā'ana me nā mea'ē a'e ma nā kūmole o ka'ikeleka calcium.

'O nā pilina Pharmacodynamic. Hiki i nā pilina o H2-blockers me nā huila o nā lā'au'ona'ē a'e ke ho'onui i ka maika'i (e like me ka holinoblokatorami). 'O ka hui'ana me nā lā'au lapa'au e pili ana i Helicobacter (metronidazole drugs, bismuth, tetracycline, clarithromycin, mimiko), ho'onui i ka ho'opa'a'ana o nā ma'i ma'i peptic.

Ho'onohonoho'ia nā pilina pili kino Pharmacodynamic i ka hui'ana me nā lā'au lapa'au i loko o ka testosterone. "Ua ho'oku'u'ia ka hormone mai ka pilina me nā mea loa'a e 20%,'o ka ho'onui i ka plasma toto i ka manawa like. "'A'ole ka hopena o ka" Famotidine "a me" Ranitidine ".

Nā inoa inoa

Ma ko mākou'āina, ua kākau'ia nā papahana o ka H2-blockers i kēia manawa a ua kū'ai'ia no ke kū'ai'ana:

"Cimetidine"

'O nā inoa: "Altramet", "Belomet", "Apo-cimetidine", "Yenametidin", "Gistodil", "Novo-cimetin", "Neutronorm", "'Ometa", "Symesan", "Primamet", "Tsemidine" , "Ulcometin", "ULKZAL", "Zimet", "Tzimegexal", "Ho'oponopono", "Cimetidine-Rivofarm", "Cimetidine Lannacher".

"Ranitidine"

Nā inoa inoa: Acilok, Ranitidine Vramed, Acidex, Asitec, Gistak, Vero-ranitidine, Zoran, Zanthin, Ranitidine Sediko, Zantak, Ranigast, , Ranibert 150, Ranitidine, Ranisone, Ranisan, Ranitidine Akos, Ranitidine BMS, Ranitin, Rantak, Ranks, Rantag, Yazitin, Ulran "," Ulkodin ".

"Famotidine"

ʻIliahi He inoa: "Gasterogen", "Blokatsid", "Antodin", "Kvamatel", "gastrosidin", "Letsedil", "ulfamid", "Pepsidin", "Famonit", "Famotel", "Famosan", "Famopsin" "famotidineʻoukou e", "Famotsid", "famotidine Apo", "famotidine'Acere".

"Nizatidine". ʻIliahi He inoa "Aksid".

"Roxatidine". ʻIliahi He inoa "Roxane".

"Ranitidine bismuth citrate". ʻIliahi He inoa "Pilorid".