Hoikehonua,'ō koholā,: ano, mōʻaukala a me ka maluhia

He aha ka'ō koholā,? He'ō koholā, i mea e loaa aneiai pomaikai, aole i ka ai. E ohi ai, a me ka okohola ai hoʻohana like ai hoomaka wale i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XX kenekulia.

Products'ō koholā,

I kēia lā,ʻo kēlā kanaka schoolchild ike hoomaka i'ō koholā, e blubber? Iecaianoaaiiuo - okohola kaʻaila, i i hoʻohana initially no ka kau iho, i loko o ka hana o ka jute, a me lubricants. Ma Japan, ka blubber Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka insecticide ku e uhini i loko o ka raiki kula.

Over manawa, 'ike loea ua loli ke kaikea a komoʻana i ka hou i nā mea i hele mai. Blubber ua hou hoʻohana no ka ho'ā like loa me ka mea, ua kerosene, akā, e hua mai la i ka waiwai e pono ai no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kopa. A hoʻohana 'ia e like me ke kumukanawai a me kaʻai momona i loko o ka hoʻomākaukau o margarine. Glycerol, oddly lawa, o ka hopena ia o ka pio ana o ke momoma nāʻakika mai ka blubber.

Whale aila hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka ihoiho, nā mea hoʻonani a me ka' inikua hoomakaukau a me ka mea, nā pōpō peni, ka inika, linoleum, pena.

Whale ai no ka imu ai extract a me iwi pauka no ka holoholona hānai. Ke kumu nui nā mea kūʻai mai o okohola ai no ka meaʻai - Japanese.

Iwi ka pauka ua nō hoʻohana like me ka mea hoʻomomona ma ka mahiai.

Ke Ka Hānai Ā Huhu ka ai o ka ai-kapa pāʻoihana ai kai ma hope o lapaʻau ma autoclaves, waiwai kumuʻiʻo huahana.

Whale ili ma Iapana manawa o ke Kaua II i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka lole kamaʻa hana no ka hana o nā kapuwaʻi,, ia nae mea,ʻaʻole like ka ikaika me maʻamau ili.

Koko ka pauka mua hoʻohana ma muli o ia ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka naikokene like me ka mea hoʻomomona, akā, ma muli o ka waiwai o ka mea hoʻopaʻa - me ka lina ma ka woodworking oihana puolo.

Mai kino'aʻaʻa okohola gelatin hoomakaukauia mai ake - wikamina A, mai ka pituitary - adrenocorticotropic hōmona mai o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi - ambergris. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi ma Iapana o pancreatic insulina extracted.

Ua aneane i hoʻohana whalebone, a ma kekahi manawa i pono ai no ka hana o ka corsets, kiʻekiʻe wigs, crinolines, umbrellas, lumi kuke mau ipu, a me ka lako nui 'ē aʻe maikaʻi kēia mea. Hiki i keia manawa, ma laila nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai mai sperm palaoa niho, ke kahu moku kohola a me ka kai'ō koholā.

Ma pōkole, i keia la'ō koholā hoʻohana hoakaka.

I ka moolelo o ka'ō koholā,

Ka aina hanau o ka'ō koholā, hiki ke noʻonoʻo Norway. Ua i loko o ka pohaku i pena o ka noho ka launa pū hoʻi makahiki eha tausani, he poe ike weliweli o ka mea hihiu'ō koholā. A mai laila mai i ka hoike mua o ka regular okohola lawaia ma Europe i ka wā o ka 800-1000 makahiki BC. e ka.

Ma ka XII kenekulia ka mea i imi i loko o ka Basque'ō koholā ma ka Bay o Biscay. Mai laila,'ō koholā, neʻe akau i Greenland. Ke Danes, ukali ma ka Pelekania, a imi'ō koholā i loko o ka wai o ka Arctic. Ma ka hikina kapakai o North America whalers i hele mai i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. I ka hoʻomaka o ka mea hookahi kenekulia i ka ia lawaia originated ma Japan.

I ia mau lā i ka'auwaʻa i holo. 'ō koholā, sailboats he uuku, a me ka malamalama-hana, aʻaʻole loa maneuverable. No ia mea, e imi i bowhead'ō koholā, a Biscay me rowboats lima harpoons a butchered ia i loko o ke kai, ka lawe wale i ka blubber a me ka whalebone. Kaawale mai o ka mea ia mau holoholona, ua uuku, ka mea e ole mokuhia e, i pepehi, ka mea hiki ke nakinakiʻia i ka moku, a ke kaulaʻoka, i ka uka o ka'āina a me ka moku. Wale i lawe mai i ka Kepani i ke kai flotilla o ka moku liilii, me ka upena.

I ka XVIII a me XIX kenekulia, i ka hana kemika o ka'ō koholā, hana ua ulu, e hopu i ka hema o ka 'Akelanika, Pacific, a Indian Ka Moana, South Africa a me ka Seychelles.
Ma ka akau o na whalers hoomaka ae la e imi i ka bowhead a me ka pono'ō koholā, humpback'ō koholā, a, hope, ma Greenland, Devisovom ala pololei, a kokoke Spitsbergen, ma na kai o Beaufort, Bering a me Chukchi.

Ua hiki mai ka manawa, i ka wa o ka harpoon i invented he hou manao, a, me ka hoʻololi iki nō i koe, a me ka harpoon ka pū. A puni ka ia manawa e holo ana na moku i UAIAaIN ma ka mahu, me ka nui māmā a me ka maneuverability a nunui nui. Ma keia hihia, au hiki ole hoʻololi a me ka'ō koholā. 19th kenekulia a me ka hooulu ana o ka 'ike loea hou i alakaʻi ai i ka aneane piha extermination o ka heluna kanaka o ka malimali a me ka bowhead'ō koholā, no laila ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka mea e hiki mai ana ke kenekulia, oki ae la ia ia i ka'ō koholā, Pelekāne i loko o ka Arctic. holoholona oaio ma meaola mammals hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka moana Pakifika, a hiki i Hawaii, a me ka komohana kahakai o Africa.

I ka iwakalua kenekulia'ō koholā, i hiki aku i ke komohana Ant- mokupuni. Nui e lana ana nā hale hana ma ka hālau a Hono, hope-uterine ipu, a me ka Hekikai o na whalers i hou hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mokuna, alakai aku ai i ka haku ana o ka hana i loko o ka uka ai'auwaʻa. New ano o ka aaioee okohola aila, a ua i ka maka mea i loko o ka hana o ka nitroglycerine e dynamite, alakai aku ai i ka mea e ua lilo i nā'ō koholā, i waena o nā mea a pau, i ke kaʻakālai ka pale kaua? Ueo.

I ka MH 1946, ka mea i hoonohoiaʻi e ka International'ō koholā, Komisina, a ma hope lilo i ka hana ana i na kino o ka International Convention no ka rula o'ō koholā, a i hui ma ka aneane nā'āina, hoʻouku'ō koholā.

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ke au o ke kalepa'ō koholā, a hiki i ka Apana World War, nā alakaʻi i loko o kēia wahi i ua Norway, Beritania Nui, Holland, USA. Ma hope o ke kaua, i UAIAaIN ka mea, e Japan, i ukali ia e ka Soviet Union.

Harpoons a me harpoon pū

Mai ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia a hiki i ka lā keia kalepa'ō koholā, mea,ʻaʻole me ka harpoon ka pū.

Norewai whaler Svend Foyn invented ka harpoon pu, a me ka hou manao ia ia. Ua ua he kaumaha mea i loko o ke kau paona ana o 50 kg, a me ka lōʻihi o nā mika, he ihe-grenade ma ka hopena o ka a i kaa wāwae, huki-iho mua i loko o ke kino o ka palaoa, a me ka malama ia me ka heleuma, pale poho iho la lakou. Ibid hoʻopaʻa metala pahu me ka lepo, a me ka aniani moku me sulfuricʻakika, i mālama ai me he kaula hō'ā i ka wa o ka waihona ipu wāwahi hōʻike clutches i loko o kaʻeha holoholona. Ma hope, ua UAIAaIN ma ke keʻena detonator ka moku.

E like me ma mua, a me ka manawa harpoons i mai loa laholio Kuekene kila, ka mea e ole uhai i ka wā o ka loa ikaika jerks Whale. Me ka harpoon pili ikaika tench kekahi mau haneri mika loa.

Laulā ae hoʻolele pu me ka barela lōʻihi o ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika a me ke anawaena o 75-90 mm o Kanal i 25 mau mika. Kēia loihi ua lawa, no ka mea, i hookuu moku kokoke i ke kohola Aneane hele mai. First pu i kauoha me ka barela, akā, ke hana mea hou i hana muaʻole smokeless ka pauka manao hoʻololi, a lilo ae la ia kauoha breech. By manao harpoon pu mea i okoa mai ka maʻamau mea kaua me ka poe noonoo ole sighting, a kāheaʻano papa hana, i ka pono a me ka laulā o ke ahi, e like me ma mua, a me ka manawa hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke akamai o ke harpooner.

whaler

Mai ka hana o ka mahu mua, a e haawi aku ai ia i na mahu a me ka kakolina diesel whalers, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hooulu ana o ka 'ike loea hou, ke kumu o nā loina i ole loli. Normal whaler he kūmūmū kakaka a me ka hope, i ka hina no ka nui kaiāulu cheekbones huila koena type, ka hoʻolako 'mahuahua maneuverability, loa haahaaʻaoʻao a me ka kiʻekiʻe forecastle, e hoʻomōhala ana i ka mämä holo o ka 20 knots (aina 37 km / h). Mahu paha kakolina diesel mana kanu mea e pili ana 5 tausani. L. i kekahi. Ka moku Ua lako pono me ka kelena a me ka huli na manao ona.

Ke armament maupaʻa harpoon pū, okohola winch no ka huki ana i kaʻaoʻao o ka mea'opihia no pumping ea i loko o ke kupapau, a no ka hōʻoia 'kona buoyancy, a hiki Foynom invented wehe'ōnaehana me ka'ōwili hao wai a me pulleys e pale ai rupture iloko o Lin harpooned holoholona jerks.

hana whalers

Loli ma ka olelo o ioioie? Kai mammals, a seemingly'ō koholā, ola ae ana ua i pono ai. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka hihia.

'ō koholā, i wahi ma ka akau kai haneri o mile mai ke kai a lana kumu, pinepine i ka ino.

Big ikaika mämä holo moku imi nui'ō koholā. Wale lawe i ka uliuli okohola laekahi whaler - ua nui ke akamai. Ano, ma naʻe o ka huli hana, e noho ana ma luna o ke kia i loko o ka "moa ka pūnana" kanaka kiaʻi, a me ka harpooner mai, e koho i ka olelo o ka neʻeʻana o ka nui holoholona, a hoʻomaʻa i kona māmā holo, e ku ana ma ka helm. An inā pilikia ka haumāna i ka hahai holoholona ke hookele ai i ka moku no laila, i ke poʻo vynyrnuvshego okohola e ale wale iho i ea mea kokoke i ka ihu o ka moku no laila, pili ia oe ke nana i ka nui holoholona ka Blowhole. Ma keia wahi, i ka harpooner? Aaeaao ke kōmike hoʻokele helm, a holo mai ka uapo a hiki i ka pu. A laila,ʻo ia,ʻaʻole wale nō nā kahu nānā i ka neʻe o ka holoholona, akā, no hoi e kuhikuhi i ka helmsman.

I ka wā o ka palaoa zaglotnuv lewa, emi i kona poo ma lalo o ka wai, ma ka ili honua e hoike ana i kona kua, i loko o kēia manawa, ke harpooner a me ka hua hou ana iho, akahele ka lalau AIM. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kekahi LIKE mea,ʻaʻole lawa, ka okohola vyvazhivayut like iʻa, ka moku loaʻa kokoke i ona lā, a hahai i ka hou pana.

Kupapau winch huki mai i ka luna, ma ka Tube ua inflated me ka lewa, a apo la i ka laau me ka pennant a me ka buoy, a ua kaa ma ka lēkio leo, oki ae la i ka welau o ka huelo fin, oki i ka ili o ka pūkaʻina helu, a haʻalele i ka 'Aeʻa.

I ka pau ana o ka i hoʻohālua i koho a pau naulu la kupapaʻu, a ke kaulaʻoka, i ka moku-uterus a me ka mokuna wahi.

Coast wahi

Ka palena ia hoonoho ai i ua hana a puni i ka 'oihana nui me ka ikaika winch ma i'ō koholā i hoalaia no ke kalai a hana ho'āla kaua pahi. Ma na aoao elua o ke aupuni 'ieoaeunoai: ma ka kekahi lima - no komoʻana i ka blubber, ka mea' ē aʻe - no ka'aloʻahiʻa lapaau ana o ka ai a me ka iwi. Ma kilns iwi a me ka mōhaiʻai momona ma hope o komoʻana i ka maloo a me ka hoʻokaumahaʻia kaumaha na kaula o nā puka lou, a i kaulia ana no loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa umu ahi, a laila, mea wili palaoa i ka lepo i loko o kūikawā o nā mea wili, a piha i mauʻeke. Pau huahana i waiho ai i loko o aee a me ka poʻina nalu. Ma kēia kapa kai-lele vertical autoclave a me ka hoʻokaʻa kilns.

Kaʻina Na Makuahine a me ka blubber Ka Ikepili lawe mai i loko o ka Nine Inch keʻena hoʻokolohua.

e lana hola

Iloko o ka heyday o ka lana nā hale hana, i mea e make ana, ka mea i hoʻohana muaʻia e nui kalepa a huli mai ohua moku.

Ke kupapau ua oki i loko o ka wai, piʻi ma luna o ka moku wale nō ka momoma, ahu iho i peretaplivalsya ma luna o ka moku, a me ko lakou mau kupapau i kiolaʻia i loko o ke kai e eʻaiʻia e ka iʻa. Ua kaupalena 'lanahu ke koe nō,ʻaʻole lawa ka wa, no laila na lako a pan no ka? iecaianoaaiiie o fertilizers ma luna o ka pā hale i ole kau. Kupapaʻu i hoʻohana irrationally, akā, ma ka lana nā hale hana i kekahi mau pono. Mua, ka mea, i ole i ke haehae aina no ka mokuna wahi. ʻO ka lua,ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe o ka hola e leie aku, e haawi aku blubber i kā lākou mākaʻikaʻi ma ka ia moku,ʻaʻohe pumping o onshore poʻina nalu.

Ua i loko o ka XX kenekulia hoomaka ae la e kūkulu moana'ō koholā, moku i i lako pono i ka hope enehana, ka mea hiki ke waiho waho nui laau o ka wahie a me ka wai inu. Ka mea, he-uterine moku, a i wahi i ka poe liilii,'ō koholā,'auwaʻa.

Keʻanoʻenehana kaʻina oʻoki a me aaioee o ke kaikea i loko o ia mau ipu a pau, hoʻowahāwahā i ka unuhi i ka ipu, ua ka hola o ka like me ma ka Hawaiian wahi.

He nui nā hale hana ma laila i ke kūpaleʻana? Ieaoa malo okohola ai, i ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kaʻai.

Hoikehonua,'ō koholā, huakaʻi

Hoikehonua,'ō koholā, ua kaupalena ia e hoʻonohonoho 'ae like ana ma ka iʻa a me ka lōʻihi like' ole o ka mea hihiu kau, a, nae, i ole lawe mai i ka aina a pau.

Ka 'ole o ka'ō koholā, huakaʻi moku komo i ka uterus, a me nā kālā no'ō koholā, nā moku, e like me veterans ka poe i komo i loko o towing kupapaʻu lana ana ma na nā hale hana, a me ka haawi ana o ka ai, wahie a me ka wai lako mai kumu i loko o nā moku pū ma ka huli a me ka pana'ō koholā.

Ae ho'āʻo ana e huli i'ō koholā mai o ka lewa. A maikai pāʻoihana ua e hoʻohana helicopters e pae ma luna o ka papahele o ka moku nui, e like me ka mea i hana ai i loko o Japan.

Ma nā makahiki, i nā'ō koholā e noho ana ma ka waena konu o ka lehulehu manao a me ka hoolohe, a me ka helu o ka loa? Ueony aie i ka overhunting ua hoomau i ka hoole. A me keia mamua o ka mea i aneane a pau ano o'ō koholā, huahana ua neiʻimi hoʻopunipuni ae pani ai.

Ma liʻiliʻi dala, mau'ō koholā, Norway, i loko o ka oiwi maoli hoopahele ae la i - Greenland,'Āina Hao, Canada, i ka United States, Grenada, Dominica a me St. Lucia, Indonesia.

'ō koholā, ma Japan

In Japan, ma ka Akä naÿe, e nā'āina, a mau loa aku pū ma'ō koholā, pakahi aku la ia i komo ai okohola ai, blubber a wale laila.

Ka 'ole o kēia Japanese'ō koholā, kaua kiʻi e pono loaʻa i ka hookaawale moku, he Pahu Hau, i ua paʻahau o koʻu mau a kuai lilo mai, mai ka whalers o Europa ai.

E hoʻohana i harpoons e imi i'ō koholā, hoomaka ae la na Kepani i ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia, mahuahua i ka buke o ke loaʻa i nā manawa a me ka holo ana lawaia ole wale ma luna o ka moana wai o Japan, akā, i loko o ka akau-hikina kapakai o ka Moana Pākīpika.

Hoikehonua,'ō koholā, ma Iapana a nei i hoʻomōhalaʻano nui i loko o ka Ant-.

'ō koholā, flotilla kekahi mau aina e ka nui helu o ka 'epekema lako a pan. Pakuhi 'hoike i ka mamao i ke kohola a me ka olelo o kona neʻeʻana. Uila ana wela akomi huai ae i ke ana wela loli i loko o kaʻili papa o ka wai. Me ka bathythermograph hoʻoholo i nā 'ano o nā nā paʻi hua wai, a me ka vertical hoi o ka makana o ka wai mahana.

Oia ka nui o ke kālā no lako aʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoapono ia ia Japanese'ō koholā, 'epekemaʻikepili waiwai, a makakiʻi i ka i hoʻohālua no banned ka International'ō koholā, Hoona Kuleana i ka kālepa hoohei ae? Ueo.

He nui ole-hui i ka hoʻolālā a puni ka honua, ka oi aku o ka US a me Australia, e kue ana i Japan miomio o pohihihi keia, e pale aku ? Ueo o'ō koholā.

Australia e hoʻokele i ka olelo hooholo o ka Aha International, a ua papa Japan e hooponopono i'ō koholā, i loko o ka Ant-.

Japan hunts'ō koholā a me kā lākou mau kapa, ae wehewehe i ka mooolelo o ka Hawaiian kauhale o ka heluna kanaka. Akā, oiwi maoli lawaia ua ae wale kanaka no ka mea okohola ai i kekahi o na kumu nuiʻano o kaʻai.

'ō koholā, i loko o Rusia

Mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia i ole i waena o nā alakaʻi o ke'ō koholā. 'ō koholā waiwai pio pū Pomors, e noho ana ke kola Peninsula, a Chukotka lāhui 'ōiwi.

'ō koholā, i loko o ka USSR i ka lōʻihi manawa, mai 1932, ka mea i ua kia ma ka Hōʻole akula Hikina. Ka mua'ō koholā, flotilla "Aleut" oia o ekolu kitobazy a me whalers. Ma hope o ke kaua i loko o ka Pacific hoʻohana 22'ō koholā, moku, a elimaʻoki Hawaiian mau kumu, a me na 60s -. Kitobazy "Aole loa East" a me ka "Vladivostok"

I ka 1947, hele mai la ia i na kapakai o ka Ant-'ō koholā,'auwaʻa "nani", i i loaa mai Kelemania, ma luna o uku aku. Kona haku mele 'ana i ka manaʻoe hana nei moku a me 8 whalers.

Ma ka waena o ka XX kenekulia i loko o ka māhele 'āina ua hoʻomaka'ō koholā, flotilla "Soviet Ukraine" a me ka "Soviet Rusia", a he uuku ma hope o ka "Yury Dolgoruky" me ka honua i ka nui loa lana mau kumu, ke hoʻololi e kō mai i ka 75'ō koholā no ka lā.

Aole loa'ō koholā, Soviet Union oki ae la i ka 1987. Ma hope o ka Union paʻiʻikepili ma luna aʻe o ka Soviet'auwaʻa IWC ka palena piha.

I kēia lā, e like me ka hapa o ka oiwi koʻa ma ka Chukotka hana nona iho District alakai Hawaiian-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo mea palena piha o ke poʻo'ō koholā, a beluga'ō koholā ma ka IWC palapala kauoha Rosrybolovstvo.

ka hopena

I ka wā i pāpā ma kalepa lawaiʻa, i hoomaka ai e loaa i ka helu ana o humpbacks a me ka uliuli'ō koholā i loko o kekahi mau mea o ka moana.
Akā, i ka heluna o ka akau'ō koholā ma ka'ākau hemisphere mea ma lalo o ka make māinoino o ka ia'na nō. ʻO ia e hopohopo nei o ka bowhead'ō koholā o ka Okhotsk kai, a me ka oho'ō koholā i loko o ka Koro Pakipika. Ua hiki e ka hohono ilio, e hooki aku i ka barbaric ka make ana o kēia mau meaola mammals.