Howard Carter: Kawaihae, kiʻi, nā haʻawina a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka mōʻaukala. Howard Carter a me ka hale kupapau o Tutankhamun

I loko nō o ka mea e, mai ka lā i ka wa Howard Carter loaʻa i ka halekupapau o Tutankhamun, ua Uaʻaneʻane he kenekulia, hoihoi i loko o ka puka o ka archaeologist Pelekāne, ua i nalowale. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma na queues pau ole, ma ka ho'āʻoʻia o ke kaulana ilina, kekahi manawa e paa ana ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha nui a puni ka honua. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka loa nui loaʻa o nā mea a pau, a mau loa aku i loko oʻAigupita.

Howard Carter, ke Kawaihae o ke nä känaka 'epekema o ka wā e hiki mai

I ka 1874, i loko o ka ohana nui i ike i ka manawa o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia holoholona pena Samuel Carter, e noho ana i loko o Norfolk, he keiki, ka mea i haawiia mai i ka inoa o Howard. A hiki aku la ua keiki la mai, koʻu makua kāne i nā ho'āʻo pono, e haawi ia ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka home, e leie aku, e lawe i ka pono wahi i loko o kaiāulu. Loaa i kaʻu keiki i ka makana no ka unuhi, Samuel ho'āʻo e ka haʻaheo i loko o ia nā mākau i loko o kēia nō.

Ma muli o ka pili 'o Randy i kona makua kāne i loko o ka' epekema honua, heʻumikumamāhiku Howard Carter i mua loa i loko o ka hulikoehana huakaʻi no Aigupita ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o ke alakai Egyptologist Flinders Petrie ia manawa. Ua Ua waihoia mai me kuleana o ka pena, i aeia i ka hui 'ana me nā mea o bygone ao ke kanaka'ōpiopio mai, a' ike i ka thrilling pono o ka loaʻa. Kēia huakaʻi ua he kula maikaʻi, a no ka wā e hiki mai archaeologist.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka 'epekema' oihana

Mai laila, Carter ka ola ua loa ma hope i ka ao o antiquities, hūnāʻia i loko o na one o ka muliwai Valley. Mau makahiki ma hope o kona Debut i loko o ka 'epekema huakaʻi Petri lilo kekahi i komo i loko o kekahi nui pāhana hoʻokōʻia e ka Foundation o Aigupita archeology. Kēia noiʻi i lawe mai i loko o ka oa ?? ana paipai manaʻo luakini o Queen Hatshepsut, ma ke komohana o Thebes. Ka mea, ua ka mea, nana i lawe mai i ka poe hou nä känaka 'epekema mua nani.

Kaulana, loaa ia i loko o ka 'epekema kaiāulu, e Carter i ka 1899, e lawe i ka hala loa respectable wahi ma ka hui, e lilo ana i Kahukula Nui o ka Oihana Aigupita o Antiquities. Kēia manawa o ka moʻo o discoveries i ana ia ia, i waena o i i ke kapa i ka momona a ike i ka halekupapau o Saint-Nef ma Qurna.

Oia ke kiʻekiʻe lapauila, ua malamaia oia, a 1905, ka wā āna i haʻakoiʻia i ka haʻalele - e like me kekahi mana like me ka hopena o ke kaua a me kekahi o na lala loa influential o ke kaomi, ma ka kekahi lima, ma hope o famously paa o ka poe o ka ona Farani, ka poe i hoʻonohonoho i ka haunaele ma ka aina o kekahi o ka mōʻaukala pono a pau o. 'Aʻole kā lākou aaieieno hana, archaeologist Howard Carter i ole pau noiʻi like, a ua hana i ka pena.

E hoomaka ana mai o ke alu like me ka Haku Carnarvon

Ka hou, 1906, he hanana ana e pili kēia e hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ka Carter, a hoʻoholo ma mua o ka loaʻaʻano nui o kona ola. Ma ka halawai o ka Beritania scientific ke kaiāulu kanaka, a hooku iho la Howard loira archaeologist a me antiquities ÿauhau Haku Carnarvon, ka mea i lilo no na makahiki o kona hoa a me ka Loulou o.

Official ae no ka hanaʻeliʻana o ka hou hoa loaa wale i ka 1919, ka wā i ka manawa o ka concession o ka mua ka hoʻohua o ka 'epekema noiʻi i loko o ka wahi T. Davis. Ma keia manawa i loko o ka awawa o na wahine puupaa a pau a mākou, ua i eli mau hanauna o archaeologists, a me ka mea i manaoio aku i ka mea, ua paupauaho kona kumu waiwai. Eia naʻe, skeptics manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ole hoomaopopo Carter. A piha like ua hōʻike i ke awawa e ia nō i lawa wahi untouched ma kānakaʻepekema. O lakou ka hapanui wahi uhi i ka ahu iho la ka rubble koe ma mai o ka muaʻeliʻana.

ʻepekema hypotheses Carter

Hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā kūʻiʻoa o mua mummies loaa ma ke awawa o na wahine puupaa, a me ka 'ike ma hiki ilina wahiʻaneʻi, a ua noho ka noiʻi, Howard Carter i hele mai ai i ka hopena i ka honua nei no hoʻokahi hou mummy, undiscovered a, apparently, i ka hoihoi nui i kaʻepekema. E like me ka astronomer, ma mua o ka telescope, e ike i ka hou hoku, theoretically ma ka pepa proves kona ola ana, a me Carter, me ka nānā 'ana ma mua loaa ka ike ua hiki mai i ka manaoio i ka wa o ka hale kupapau o ka mea i ike ole' aneʻi. Aloha kau, ma mua loaa o ka halekupapau o Tutankhamun, Carter kii ia.

Eia naʻe, i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi, a hiki ina o ka loa i koi aku, a huli i ka maoli tangible hualoaʻa, i hana ai i ka 'oihana nui, a me ka meaʻano nui mālama lākou iā Carter. Kona hoa i kaupalena 'ia kekahi mau hooponopono no ka mākau hanaʻeliʻana, a me ka kaʻoihana kālā o ia. He mea pono e uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka ia - me kona kala, like ole ikehu Carter, ke ao nei no ka lōʻihi manawa au i i ike i ka waiwai o Tutankhamun.

omaka me ka hana pono

He hou ka manaʻo pohihihi o ke nä känaka 'epekema, a koke hoomaka i ka First World War. naʻe lawe mai hanaʻeliʻana i loko o kēia wā,, akā, kēlā wā i kēia wā, a ma lōʻihiʻanuʻu. E like me ke kanaka ku no ka oihana koa hana, Carter hiki ole i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā a pau o kona manawa i kona puni kaulana. Ka hapa nui o ka 'ākeʻakeʻa, e ho okumu iʻoi loa kā lākou mau hana lua kupapaʻu powa i loko o nā makahiki kaua. E ho ohana i ka nui, e hoike ana no o ka oihana hana hoʻonāwaliwali moku'āina mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka mālama 'ana o kahiko kia hoʻomanaʻo i, ka mea, ua hana hoʻokipa unceremoniously ia, miomio o ke ola a me ka maluhia o ka noiʻi.

Wale i ka 1917 ka mea, ua hiki ke hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lalo o ka awawa o ka wahine puupaa o ka papa o ka rubble mea i loaa ma laila ma luna o nā kenekulia o ka manawa. No ka mea hanaʻeliʻana paena waeia, he kaupalena ekolu ilina mai: Ramses II o, Ramesses VI a me Mernept. Over ka eha makahiki e hiki mai ana o ka hana, lawe mai me ka puu o ka stress a me ka ia i na tausani he nui o nā paona, ua i haawi i kekahi tangible hopena.

Ka hope ho'āʻo

I ka hoʻolako 'ole i' ökomo 'archaeologists ma luna o nā makahiki i hala, i alakaʻiʻia e ka Haku Carnarvon ma ka manao. Ka leo kono i kekahi hoa i loko o ke kauwela o 1922 i loko o kona 'ohana waiwai, i kona manao, e hoʻopau i kana hana,ʻaʻole sulivshie, e like me ka hiki ke ike, i kekahi mea akā, koina ia i hoike. Wale wela hoahewa Carter ua hiki ke hoola mai Carnarvon hōhē wale hana, a, e hoomaopopo mai ia ia ia, e hohola aku i ke concession no kekahi manawa.

I ka pau ana o Okatoba 1922 Govard Karter (Hawaii photo o ka manawa i hōʻike ma ka hoʻomaka o ke 'atikala) laila, hana. E loa hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lalo o ka awawa o na wahine puupaa, ua e wehe i ka i koe iho o nā pupupu o ka poe hana nana i hana 'aneʻi ma ka manawa kahiko o ka hana o ka halekupapau o Ramses VI. Ko lakou mau kumu i i ke one ma luna o ka nui ?? eoi? Ee. Kēia hana i kekahi mau lā, akā, hookahi pau, i ke kahua o kekahi o na hale i ua loaʻa me ke kapuai hookahi pohaku e hele hohonu i loko o ka honua, a me, apparently, i ike e ole hoala mai i ka hanaʻeliʻana.

pohihihi anuu

Na mea a pau kuhikuhi i ka mea i ka mea, alo o ka puka e komo ai a hiki i kekahi mua ike ole kanu ana. Ma anticipation o ka hoomau pōmaikaʻi, e hana me ka hana hou ia ka lohi ole. Soon, e ho'āpono wale i ka holoʻokoʻa luna aʻe o ka pali, archaeologists ke ehuehu o ka hōʻailonaʻia e komo i ka hale kupapaʻu. Carter ike aku la i ka puka mea pono i nanaia ka penaʻana i kekahi embossed puka, depicting i nā akua o ka ialoa ana ma ka palapala o ka'īlio hihiu, a hikiiia pio, a i ka hoailona o ke aliʻi halekupapau.

He hana hoihoi, e hoailona oukou i ka mua makahiki, Carter, ua palua ia kokoke i ka mea pohihihi puka, akā, nā manawa hala i kona wale. No ka mea manawa mua i hiki mai, i ka wa a kona haku i ka huakaʻi T. Davis alakai hanaʻeliʻana iʻaneʻi, a me ka ia i i makemake i kaʻino a me ka i koe iho o ka pohaku pupupu, ua kauoha e hoolilo i ka hana a hiki i kekahi wahi. I kekahi manawa e hiki mai, ka wā elima makahiki aku nei i ka loa Carter i makemake ole e hali ia lakou, e like me ka mea e 'auʻai ka loa paʻi kiʻi pū i oo? Uku i loko o kēia mau nani loa wahi e pili ana.

Ka mua kaʻoliʻoli o ka loaʻa

Paʻa ihola iā ia i loko o ka pohihihi puka me kōna sila, Carter wawahi he uuku puka i loko o ia, a hoʻokomo i kona ili i loko, hoomaopopoia i ka hooholo piha i nā kenekulia-kahiko ahu iho la ka rubble a me ka'ōpala. Ua hoao aku au ia ia, aole i ole i hiki ke kipa i ka poe powa, a paha halelua hōʻike i mua o lākou i loko o kā lākou kikokikona palapala.

I loko nō a pau ka surging Emotions - ka olioli o ka Kaka, impatient e kiʻi i loko, a me ka pono o ka loaʻa intimacy - Carter i hana ai e like me ka ninau aku, mai ona aku i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' oiaio o ka English keonimana. E like me kona hoa, ka Haku Carnarvon ua i ia manawa ma Enelani, Howard Carter i iʻaʻa e komo i loko o ka hale kupapau me ka mea nana i uku kālā kēia mau makahiki a pau o ka hana. He kauoha ka hou hoʻopiha i ka puka e komo ai i ka luakupapau, a me ka England hoouna aku la i kaʻenaʻena telegram, i lohe i kona hoa e pili ana i ka lōʻihi-kakali loaʻa.

E kali ana i ka Haku Carnarvon

Ka lono e pili ana i ka puka o ka mua i ike kanu koke puhi a puni, a haawi ala i ka pilikia i mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka Haku, i haʻalele ai i maka iho Govard Karter. Halekupapau - he wahi kahi malaila mea he mummy wale ole, akā, i waiwai no ke kanu me ia. Maoli ai, i kēia mau loina lilo maunu no ka poe powa, hiki no i noho ai, e hana i kekahi hewa. Nolaila, loa ke hākilo loa ka ninau ku ae la o pehea e hoʻopale ai i mau waiwai a lakou iho mai ka hua'ōlelo i makemake malihini. No keia hopena, ke staircase alakai i ka puka,ʻaʻole wale nō piha, akā, ua piha oia i ka luna kaumaha rubble, a mahope i ka huahelu, maluhia.

Eia hoi ma Nowemapa 23 i hiki aku ai, E ka Haku Carnarvon, a ma kona alo, i ka staircase Ua hou kuuia mai ka rubble. Mau lā ma hope, i ka wa a na hoomakaukau a pau i pau, a me ka paapu o kanaka, e noho ana ma ka puka, sketched a paʻi kiʻi pū i, ka mea, hoomaka'iako sila e komo ai i ka hale kupapaʻu. Ma keia wahi, ua lilo i maopopo i ka mea i hiki mai ai, aha no ka makahiki moe o Howard Carter - ka halekupapau o Tutankhamun i loko o ke alo o ka ona. Kēia i mea e hoikeike ma ka palapala ma luna o kekahi o na A hehi ihola au.

Ka lua o ka puka e Howard Carter loaa

Tutankhamun o nā moe lilo i aku o ka lanakila. Mua ona, ua wale kekahi mau kapuwai. I ka i keʻakeʻa nei i loko o ko lakou ala i ua weheʻia, ma ka malamalama o ka ipukukui, noiʻi i ike ai i ka ihona hene, hāiki ala hele, i cluttered me rubble, a alakai pololei i ke keena kanu ana. Arabia i hoolimalimaia, e lawe mai hanaʻeliʻana, kuu aku la ia ia, e lawe ana i ka lepo i loko o wicker hinai. Eia hoi, hele mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi. Ma ke kakahiaka o November 26, archeologists ke ehuehu o ka lua o ka puka, i hoola ia lakou kahiko pai Tutankhamun.

I ka wā o ka hinai hope o ka rubble i hoopuka, Carter i hana i loko o ka luna aʻe o ka puka hamama, i ae la ia ia i ka pahu i loko o kaʻimi. Ke hooia hōʻike i ka makahiki ma hope o ka puka mea pau ole. E ho ohana i ke kukui, nana aku la i loko o Carter. He aha ka mea, ike aku la ia loa a pau 'upu'. Ma mua o ka mea wehe i ka lumi, e like me ka iau keʻena. Ua Ua hoopihaia me ka loa, heʻe piʻoloke ihola mea, he nui no a kānakaʻepekema i ike ai no ka manawa mua.

waihona kālā o Tutankhamun

Mua o nā mea a pau, i loko o ka maka goggles archaeologist kiki ekolu papakaukau gula moe, gleaming dully i loko o ka malamalama o ka ipukukui. Mahope o lakou, ua hikiʻeleʻele, i ka piha-lōʻihi kii o Parao, hoʻonaniʻia i ke gulaʻoki. Ua piha i ke koena o ka lumi makahiki a me nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o nā komo'ānoninoni i piha ka lei o ka'ā'ī, i ka hana palaoa maikai o ka ipu vases a me nā kāhiko o ke gula, a me nā pōhaku makamae. Ma keia waihona nele wale i kekahi mea - ka mea, ua i he sarcophagus a mummy ia nona i mau waiwai.

Ma ka lā aʻe, i ka hale kupapaÿu ua uila, a wehe ae la i ka lua o ka puka me kona malamalama. Ano,ʻepekema ke ehuehu o ke kaumaha a me ka painstaking hana - nā mea i hala mahope mea, he ia e paʻi kiʻi pū i, sketched a me kā lākou hoʻomoana pololei hōʻike ma ka manao o ka lumi. Ua koke ihola ia ma lalo o kekahi o na pahu elua huna malu puka e komo ai i kekahi meaʻuʻukuʻaoʻao lumi, i piha me ka maikai mea.

I ka hana ana a me nā mea i loaʻa i loko o ka hale kupapau

A pau e Howard Carter loaa, e noi 'epekema aaioee a me ka systematization. Nolaila, i ma hope o November 29, 1922 ma ka alo o nā luna, i ka halawai e komo ai o ka halekupapau, e hana me ka 'ike akula ia ho'āʻoʻia i ua kono alakaʻi o hoʻomalu mai ka nui' epekema ioauoa o ko ke ao nei. Ma ka Valley o nā wāhine puʻupaʻa'ākoakoa maikaʻi-ike archaeologists, epigraphists, chemists, conservators, Artists a me nā mea paʻi.

Wale ekolu mahina ma hope, i ka wa a ka 'ikamu a pau i ua loaʻa me ke kūpono kaiapuni ia mai o ka halekupapau, ua hoʻomaka' wehe i ke kolu o ka loaa ma ke kaʻina hana o ka puka. Ike mai la oia i huki hope iho ona, ua i ka mea i wānanaʻia e Howard Carter - ka halekupapau o Tutankhamun, a me ka nui ua hōʻike hewa, i kona hoʻolewa koena.

Mummy, maʻekolu tausani makahiki

Kokoke i ka anai ka leo o ka lewa noho na papakaukau, pahu lōʻihi 5,08 mika, laula o 3.3 mika a me ke kiekie o 2,75 mika. Loko ia e like dolls, kekahi i loko o ka mea'ē aʻe i ekolu'ē aʻe uuku pahu. A hiki aku i ka noiʻi akahele kālailai ia, a lawe mai, i ko lakou mau maka i ka quartzite sarcophagus. Ma hope o ke poʻi, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻia i loko o anthropoid i ike ai (i loko o ke kinona o ke kanaka huahelu) pahu uhiia i ke gula. Kona uhi hōʻike he nui Tutankhamen e moe ana me ka aoao mau lima.

Loko ka mea, he elua hou o ka ia pahu, e like like i kekahi i kekahi, no laila, ua hookaawale ia mea o ka nui ka manaʻo pohihihi. Ka wā a pau i nā kaiapuni ka mea, i extracted, ma ka hope o ia mau mea, ka poe i make nui ma mua o ekolu tausani makahiki aku nei, 'ike akula' wahi iho la ia i ka lole olona wale no mummy o Parao. Ua uhiʻia kona maka gula ea paha, i me ka halawai manao maikai, a me vesivshaya eiwa kilograms.

He aha hana Howard Carter no ke komo maluna o ka loaʻa nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka archeology. Ka luna oʻAigupita, ka mea i make ma ka manawa'ōpio wale nō, a noho i loko o ka wehe haumāna luakupapau koke lilo i ka mea o ka noonoo ana o ka miliona o kanaka. I loaa i nā hualoaʻa a kaulana, a Howard Carter ia ia iho. Na makana i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kahiko Aigupita mōʻaukala, hoʻolauna i loko o ka ia ua ai nui ia ia ae i ka pau hou ala e e kekahi kiʻi o ka hoʻolewa oihana o ka Middle Kingdom wā.