Hussite kaua: na kumu i alakai aku ai i ka hoʻomaka o ko lākou mau

Ka hapa mua o kaʻumikumamālima kenekulia ma Bohemia (e ka Lepupalika Czech) ua wehewehe aku ma ka lōʻihi-makahiki paio ana o na kanaka Czech e ku e kekahi i ka Roma Hui Church, feudal ka hoʻoluhi hewa wale, a Kelemānia domination. Ka manawa "Hussite kaua" ua hoʻohana 'ia e hōʻike i ka moʻo o ka clashes i i wahi i loko o ka wā mawaena ma waena o 1419 a me 1434 makahiki. Ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka Czech o Bohemia i hana i ka ikaika koa ikaika, ua loaa ia i ai i ka Crusades hai ma ka Pope. Ke kaua i pau ai i ka 1434 i ka wa o ka lōpū mokuahana o ka'ano'ē mokuahana lanakila Utraquists Taborites, ka poe i, e waiho ana i ka mana o ka Moi o Bohemia, a me ka ekalesia, aka, me ke ano i ka mea i 'ae' e hana kekahi mauʻano haipule.

Initially, o ka alihi kaua o ka ekalesia-lahui neʻe lilo i thinker a me ka kahuna Yan Gus, nana lakou i ku i ka Ekalesia Hui, a me ke aliʻi ardor hoahewa i kona waiwai a me kaʻilikai hewa o ka clergy. Kona sermons ma ka Betelehema Chapel ma Palaka ia i lilo i ka Czech 'ōlelo maopopoʻia e ka makaainana kanaka. Ke ideology o Hus, nona ka honua ua hoʻomohala ma lalo o ka aoao o ka hana o ka reformer a me ka precursor o Protestantism Dzhona Uiklifa, i ole makemake i ka ekalesia.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ke Kulanui o Palaka i ka 1410 i ka hoopaapaa, ke kumu o ka a i ka aa ana o na hana o Wycliffe. Gus a me nā Kumu hoopii i ka Pope, ho'āʻo ana e hooiaio ia wale naaupo kanaka ke puhi i ka 'epekema a me ka philosophical hana. Akā, i ka hopena ua ka excommunication o Huss, a me ka neʻeʻana i kona alakai, ua Hawaiʻi mai ke kulanui i loko o ke aupuni a me ka hoʻomana.

I ka 1415, ma ka olelo hooholo o ka 'Aha o Paula, i hoopiiia no ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo Hus, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make, a puhi aku la i ka pahu. Kona pepehi i hoʻonāukiuki aku i ka nui keakea neʻeʻana mai o kona mau ukali, a i kūpono ai i loko o ka Hussite Wars. Ku ei ka Auguseto Sigismund, hookonokono ae la i ka Pope, e mālama i ka 'Aha o Paula, ku ae la i ka makani o ka' āhewa 'ana, kaheaia outrage ma ka ho'āhewa wale' o Orthodox kahuna.

Kokoke mai ka hoʻomaka Ua māheleʻia ka neʻeʻana i loko o nā papa kuhikuhiE wahi - ka lōpū a me ka'ano'ē. Koke ma mua o kona make ana, Gus i Utraquists ao (a Calixtines-Utraquists) ka mea i hōʻike 'ia lakou iho me Kakolika, akā, kākoʻo i nā kāhea no ka mihi, i ka nui o ka mea i ka mea e pono ai i ka berena a me ka waina (iiaciiie utraque laha' ole a pau i manaoio - ma lalo o nā ? ueony),ʻaʻole like ka clergy. Ua oiaʻano nui o ka hoʻokiwikā poʻe kālepa a me ka haʻahaʻa ano hanohano.

Ma waena o 1419 a me ka 1420, ka wā i ka "Hussite kaua" Ua ua hala, ua ho'āʻo lunaʻaoʻao e malu negotiate me ka Auguseto Sigismund,ʻaʻole naʻe ia i hele i kekahiʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, a me keia ua alakaʻi ai i ka mea i Utraquists kākoʻo i ka kaua uprising. More'ano'ē, e hoole i kekahi palapala o ke aupuni (naita ma paha haipule), iʻikeʻia me ka Taborites (ma hope o ke kulanakauhale o Tabora, hoʻokumuʻia e ia i loko o 1420, a ua lākou pakaua). Kēia pūʻulu oiaʻano nui o nā kauwa a me artisans.

Hussite kaua ike mea ia i ka mākaukau i ke kaua e kue ana i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana kāʻei pū a mea lima-paa (Pishalnikov).

First Defenestration o Palaka i wahi July 30, 1419. Palaka ilihune alakaʻiʻia Jan Želivského, he kahuna o ka Ekalesia o ko kākou Lede o ka Snows, a kaahele lakou ma ke kulanakauhale alanui a hiki i ke Town Hall ma New Town me ka nui koi '- i ka launa pu ana o ka berena a me ka waina. Kekahi mai ka Meia ka oihana puka makani hoolei i ka pohaku huakaʻi. wawahi Outraged kanaka i loko o ka hale, a hookahi no i loko o ka lumi, ua kiola ia mai ka puka o ka ehiku mauna kuhikuhipuʻuone a, me ka Meia a me ka lunakanawai. King Vaclav IV i ai holomoku akula ia ma keia kanawai, ka mea, ua olelo mai, e ae ana i ka hahauʻana, lilo ae la ke kumu o kona make August 16, 1419.

Ke aupuni Ua maheleia i mauʻenemi? Neeo eaaa? - o ka Hui, a ua kākoʻoʻia o nā clergy, ka feudal haku, na patricians Kelemānia a me Hussite. Sigismund, ma hope o ka make ana o ke keiki ole Václav, kau kuleana i ka lei Czech. He ua he ikaika kākoʻo iā ia, no ka Roman Church, Pope Martin accomplice i ka V, puka i ka bipi 17 March 1420, e hea ae ana i ka crusade "no ka luku ana a pau na heretics ma Bohemia". Ua Ua hele e ole wale Kelemānia a me ka Polish naita, akā, i adventurers mai nā mea a pau ma Europa, o Laielohelohe ma ka manaolana o ka waiwai pio.