I ka moolelo o ka Russian FSB

FSB ole Russian Federal e malu ai Service, o kekahi o ka hope o ka USSR State mālama 'ia hoʻi Komite (KGB), he hui ia iʻike i kona ka weliweli a me ka manao hana, a hoʻohana ma o ka Soviet Union ma ka XX kenekulia.

Huna makai - ka Cheka - OGPU - KGB - FSB

Mōʻaukala o ka Pekelala e malu ai Service i ka helu o nā loli ma kona inoa a me ka reorganization ma hope o ke kipi i loko o Rusia i ka 1917 kauoha aku, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka inoa KGB no 46 makahiki, mai ka makahiki 1954 a hiki i ka makahiki 1991. Repressive i ka hoʻolālā Ua lōʻihi Ua hapa o ka 'ole pili aupuni o Rusia. Nā mana o kēia mau papa hana i ua me ka nui loa hoomaka ma e like me ke kūlana o ka makai kālai'āina, pâʻani 'o ia ma ka huna makai i ka noho alii ana o Tsar Rotehama II.

I ka 1917, Vladimir Lenin, mai na koena o ka Tsarist huna makai i hana mai i ka Cheka. Kēia hou hui, i ho'ōla huli i loko o ka KGB, i komo i loko o ka laulā huahelu o ka hana, a me espionage, ee-espionage a me ka Soviet Union ka hoʻokaʻawale mai Western huahana, nūhou a me nā manaʻo. I ka makahiki 1991, i ka Soviet Union e hina, e alakai ana i ka fragmentation o ke Komite no ka helu ana i ka hoʻonohonohoʻia, i ka nui o ka i mea ka FSB.

Mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini Pekelala maluhia Service

I ka 1880, Tsar Alexander II hoʻokumu Branch kiai i ka lehulehu maluhia a me ka mea, ikeia like me ka "malu makai." Kēia hui ma ka hopena o XIX - kakahiaka XX kenekulia. paa ana kela'ano'ē pūʻulu ma Rusia - hoʻomakākiu o ko lākou mau hoa i loko o ka manaʻo o ia a me ka neutralizing ia. Me na lala o na makai malu i loko o ka hooponopono ana o na hoʻokahuli aupuni pūʻulu, ua mau ke alii i ai i ka lā, a hiki wawe ka pale i kekahi Loaʻaʻia hoouka. No ka laʻana, ma waena o 1908 a me 1909, 4 o ka 5 lālā o ka St. Petersburg Komite o ka Bolshevik Party he lālā o ka Okhrana. Ma Rotehama II ua ai ka oiaio o kona mana ma luna o kēia mau pūʻulu, i loko o November 1916 AOON na olelo ao o ka imminent kipi.

Ma hope o ka February kemokalakaʻOiʻenehana, Lenin a me kona Bolshevik Party malu hoʻonohonoho ikaika, a me ka lua o ka ho'āʻo 'ana o ka coup. Lenin ua he staunch kākoʻo iā ia, o ka weliweli a me ka mahaloʻia e ka Jacobins, ka loa'ano'ē Farani revolutionaries i ka makahiki 1790ʻo ia i kauoha mai ai Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo Luna hoomalu o ka People ka Commissariat no Kūloko Affairs (NKVD), i ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka a ua, e kaua aku iʻenemi o ka? Eia, a me ka Kāohiʻana o sabotage ma ka aina. Mōʻaukala o ka Cheka (FSB) ka hoʻomaka 'ana me kona hanaia'na 20 December 1917, e hoʻoikaika i ka ka hoʻokōʻana o ka hana o ka NKVD. Halawai Kuleana ua i ke kumu no ka hope KGB. Kona Luna hoomalu, Lenin hookohuia Dzerzhinsky, he Polish alii, ka mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i 11 makahiki ma ka hale paʻahao no ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hana ku ei ke alii.

Ka ula ka weliweli

Soon Zheleznyy Feliks hoomaka ae la e e loli ma ka Cheka. Mōʻaukala o ka Pekelala mālama 'ia hoʻi i loko o Service December 1920 i koho ma ka hoololiia ana o ka hui ke keʻena luna mai St. Petersburg i loko o ka oihana mua o ka All-Russian Insurance Company, kahi āna i waiho ai i kēia lā. Cheka ia i mālama 'ia ka hoʻokolokolo' ia i ka e hopu, i hooponopono ia iho, iloko o ka lehulehu mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, a hooko aku la i.

Mōʻaukala o ka KGB-FSB maupaʻa i ka makeʻana o ka oi ma mua o 500 000 kanaka i loko o ka wā mai kona inception i ka 1917 i renaming i ka 1922. He hana maʻamau i ka "Red weliweli." Mai kela a me keia kulanakauhale e malu ai luna i 20-30 kanaka mea pani a paa ia i like loa me ko na kauwa i ole haawi a pau o ko lākou ai ke koe nō. Inā keia 'ole e hana, e pana ae hoʻopaʻa. ʻOiai ia i ka'ōnaehana i Ua mana i loko o ka malama ana Lenin ka ideology, e hoʻoikaika 'oicyenoaaiiie ana me ke West, ka KGB i disbanded a UAIAaIN ma ka ole emi brutal hui - ka State Kalaiaina Keʻena Luna (GPU).

Initially, ka GPU ua ma lalo o ka mana o ka NKVD, a he emi mai ka mana ma mua o ka Cheka. Me ke kākoʻo o Lenin Dzerzhinsky noho luna hoʻomalu, a ho'ōla hoopaa iho ai i kona mua mana. Me ka USSR Kumukanawai i aponoia ma July 1923, i Kapa hou i ka GPU ka OGPU, a ma ka United State Kalaiaina noho kia'āina.

ka wi

I ka makahiki 1924, Lenin make, a ua pomaikai e Josef Stalin. Dzerzhinsky, ka mea i kākoʻo iā ia i loko o ke kaua no ka mana, hoopaa iho la i kona mau lāʻau kū. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Iron iho la o Pelika i ka 1926 lilo poo o ka OGPU Menzhinsky. Kekahi o na kumu nui Pahuhopu o ka hui i ia manawa ua o ka aoao o ke kākoʻo i waena o Soviet kanaka, ka wā Stalin huli i ka 14 miliona kua'āina aina i loko o like aina. Ke koko moolelo o ka FSB maupaʻa ke kēia mea. E halawai pu me ka haole kūkaʻi pono o ka OGPU puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka lakou waiwai i ai a me ka palaoa no ka mea hoʻolilo kuai ka mea, ma luna, e pili ana ka pololi, no ka mea, o ka i pepehi oi aku mamua o elima miliona kanaka.

Mai hua i Yezhov

I ka makahiki 1934 Menzhinsky make ma lalo o pohihihi loa ana, a i UAIAaIN e Henry Berry, he pharmacist e aʻo. Ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana, ka OGPU hoomaka ae la e lawe mai noiʻi i loko o ka mahinaʻai o nā mea kaua a me ka liluwelo Nine Inch. Berry aloha e lawe mai ia mea ma luna o pio kino. He Ua pana pua aku ma lalo o Stalin ma hope o ka hai ana mai i ka pepehi kanaka Menzhinsky e alakaʻi i ka OGPU.

Iloko o ka hooponopono ana o Nikolai Yezhov 'ke hope paha hua, makaʻu i loko o ka USSR i kona piko. Mōʻaukala o ka Pekelala e malu ai Service nā ke kēia mea: ma waena o 1936 a me ka 1938. wale aaiuo OGPU i pana aku la ekolu tausani kanaka. Makau i ka ulu aoao o Yezhov, Stalin ho'āʻo, a pana aku la ia ia ia i ka 1938.

15 makahiki Beria

Ma hope o Yezhov i ke poo o NKVD no umikumamalima makahiki paa Lavrenty Beria. He hoʻonui i ka hui i ka poe he nui i loko o 1941 ka mālama hana lilo i kaʻawale hui. NKGB ua kuleana no na maluhia, ee-manao, palena maluhia, hana mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, e like me ka pono me guerrilla, a me ka clandestine paio ku e Kelemania, ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II. Ke poo o ka NKGB Vsevolod Merkulov i hoi malalo o ko Beria. I ka makahiki 1950,ʻo ia i UAIAaIN e Viktor Abakumov, kona aloha i ke poo o ka NKVD i ole pela makapo. E like me ka hopena, Stalin, Beria e hoohuli e küpono ia o ke kipi ku ei ka luna o nā kānaka a pau. I ka 1951 Abakumov i pana aku la ia.

Stalin ka make i ka 1953 ma hope, Beria i ho'āʻo ana e lawe i kona wahi dictator o ka USSR. Akā, kekahi mau kī alakaʻi o ka Soviet Army i kākoʻo 'ia e Nikita Khrushchev, i laweia mai e hookolokoloia Beria, a hooko aku la i aku la ia ia i ka 1953. Ma March makahiki 1954, ua ka KGB, a ua kuleana no ka hooponopono ana o ka makai, e mālama nei i wahi hūnā ana, mokuna ka maluhia a me na maluhia.

I ka moolelo o ka FSB. KGB (1954-1991)

State maluhia Komite i hana March 13, 1954 O kona mua luna hoʻomalu ua Ivan Serov. Ke keʻehi hana ana o ke Komite ua he "maemae" aupuni o na kanaka Beria, ka mea i ho'āʻo ana e hopu ke kāohi o ka Soviet Union Stalin ka make ma hope.

E hoomaka ana me ka mea mua o ka 1958, a me ka manawa i oleloia Aleksandra Shelepina like me ka hou Luna hoomalu o ka KGB (Serov poai puni ia e ka General manao 'Oihana), Khrushchev lawe mai i kekahi mau loli i ka hana anaʻoihana o ke Komite. Kona kumu hoʻokaulike e hoʻi i ka Soviet Union, ka KGB, a ma ka hana, ma ka papa i like i ka Cheka Dzerzhinsky hoʻomaka o na 1920s. Western'āina i ua kapaʻia ka papa kuhikuhiE "enemi" o ka USSR, a me ka US, UK a me Japan. Ka mea, e pono ke destabilize a me ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali i. E like me ka hopena, oiai ka Khrushchev au i ike ai i ka hua i loko o ka helu o ke pili aupuni pepehi kanaka a me ka weliweli i kākoʻo 'ia e ka Soviet Union.

I ka Ia manawa ka KGB i ho'āʻo ana e hoʻololi i ka repressive kiʻi hanaia ma ka Stalinist dictatorship. Created ka palapala, ai hanaʻia i nā kāʻeʻaʻeʻa na makana a hiki i ka malama ana o ka KGB o ka Soviet Union, a ua hoopuka ia Ka Uku Leka hehi ihola au iā ia me ke kiʻi o Dzerzhinsky.

Ma December 1961, oia UAIAaIN ma Vladimir Shelepina pāhiku nō.

Ke au o Andropov

I ka moolelo o ka FSB ma hope o ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ko Khrushchev ka Okatoba 11, 1964, a me ka hiki ana i ka mana Leonida Brezhnevaʻo ia i ka huli: pāhiku nō i hoʻokuʻu mai i nā lāʻau kū o ka Luna hoomalu o ka KGB. Ma May 1967 oia i UAIAaIN e Yuri Andropov, ke poo o ka Oihana no ana me ka Socialist aina. He lilo Chairman- "longevity", e paa mai a May 1982.

Ke hou poo o ka KGB hoomau aku ka kūkuluʻana hoomaka e Khrushchev a me Shelepin ma na 1960s. He ku i ka kālai'āina, 'imi naʻauao, ke aupuni, a me ka hoʻomana kū'ē; hoomaka nenoaiu o ka hana mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi , a me nā loulou; hoʻohana 'ia ma ka psychiatry, e hana me ka dissidents. Eia hou, e hoonuiia kona ohi ana o iao? Iiaie oaoieei manao, kōkua e ho okumu i kaʻaha hui aeuiiai ieaia? No ka kaʻoihana kālā a me ka hooponopono ana o ka oihana koa, pale ka hana a me ka maunakea. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka KGB Andropov pū i loko o misinformation, falsification o ka palapala o ka Western manao keʻena ma lalo nei, hoʻolako 'eʻe ma ka Western ahakanaka, e like me ka hoʻonui pukapuka o konohiki huakaʻi i ke kai. Ma May 1982, Andropov lilo i ka alihi kaua o ka Communist Party, a me ka noho luna ma luna o ke Komite i hooholoia i Vitaly Fedorchuk, mua Luna hoomalu o ka 'āina' KGB ma Ukraine.

Just ehiku mahina ua lilo i ka hope Kuhina o ka Kalaiaina. Ma December 1982, Viktor Chebrikov, mua Hope. Fedorchuk, i ka hakahaka wahi. Ma October 1988, oia i hakahaka e Vladimir Kryuchkov, ke poo o ka First Luna Keʻena Luna o ka KGB.

Lou, i mālama ai i Luna hoomalu o ka KGB a August 18, 1991, ka wā ia, a ehiku nā kī lālā o ka Soviet aupuni a hemo i ka nele kekahi coup ho'āʻo iā Mikhail Gorbachev, ka luna o ka Communist Party mai ka makahiki 1985 a hiki i ka noho male 'ana o ka aoao December 25, 1991

Ka hui a me nā hana o ka KGB

I ka makahiki 1954 i hoomaka ai i ka mōʻaukala o ka KGB-FSB, ka makai pili aupuni o ka Soviet Union, a i kauoha aku i ike like me ka State mālama 'ia hoʻi Komite, a loaʻa kona walaʻauʻanaʻaha hui' ole.

A laila, ua he nui ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o kona kūlana, mai ke Kuhina a hiki i ke Komite. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i kēia, no ka KGB mālama nui kū kaʻawale loa nā Soviet aupuni oihana ma mua, a ua kuokoa o ka mana Aha o Kuhina, e elele mana i loko o ka USSR. E like me ka State Komite o ka KGB formally subordinate i ka Aha o Kuhina ma lalo o ka Palapala. I ka moolelo o ka FSB nā loko pōhina ma ka mea i ke Komite o kaʻo Samuel Ua loa paʻi, ma ka Akä naÿe loa'ē aʻe Soviet kānāwai i. He nui, ao ke ano o ka hoʻolālā, nae, i ua paʻi i loko o nā puke a me kekahi mau hihia o ka hōʻike 'ia' o ka moku'āina mea.

KGB mai he mamalu 'ole, a oia no ka like Komite ma kela a me keia o ka 14 Soviet Hawaii. Ma ka RSFSR, nae, o ka 'āina' hui i ua. lehulehu maluhia Komite ma Rusia pololei subordinate i ke kikowaena mana ma Moscow.

KGB alakaʻi i hana ia e ka Peresidena, i aponoia e ka Aha Kukamalu o ka Kalaiaina Buro o ka hōʻike. He ua ka mua 1-2 a 4-6 pono ae pani ai. I mai la lakou, a me na poo o kekahi oihana, i hanaʻia i ka papa - ke kino e e mau manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka hui i ka hana.

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka KGB uhi 4 mau mea: moku'āina 'ohana ka palekana mai na kiu a me ka hope, ka loaʻaʻana a me ka hoʻokolokolo' ana o ka pili a me ka oicyenoaaiiie hewa, i ka hoomalu o ka moku'āina mokuna a me ka moku'āina mea huna. E hoʻokō i kēia mau hana i loko o nui eono oihana i mālama mai ka 390 a hiki i 700 tausani. Man.

ʻaha hui 'ole

1st Aliʻi Keʻena Luna ua kuleana no a pau na hana a me ka manao-ohi. Ua oia mai o kekahi mau mahele, ka poe i pili nā me nā hana i hoʻokō (razvedpodgotovka, ohi a me Ka Ikepili) a ma ka io Geographic māhele o ke ao nei. Specificity o ka hana koi 'ia, e koho i ka loa palapala hōʻoia no nā limahana, mai nā mea a pau oihana; mau i ka maikai kālaiʻike mooolelo, ike i kekahi a oi 'ōlelo, a me ka paa i manaoio ma ka Communist ideology.

2nd State, e hoomakaukau i na kālai'āina mana o Soviet poe kanaka a me ka malihini e noho ana i loko o ka Soviet Union. Kēia mana ua ālai 'hui' o ka haole diplomats me ka poʻe e noho ana ma ka aina; Ua Ua investigating ka kālai'āina,? Aneiai hewa, a no ka pukapuka o informers; ua hoʻonānā e iauaeoia oo? ecia haole haumāna a me ka.

Ekolu State hana i loko o ka koa counterintelligence, a me ka pili hooponopono o ka puali koa. Ua oia o 12 moku, kiaʻi i ke koa a me ka paramilitary koa likeʻole.

5th PG ka 2nd maloko maluhia hoʻoili pū me. Created i ka makahiki 1969, e hana me ka pili aupuni kuee a haalele mai, ka mea, o ke kuleana o ia no ka ka loaʻaʻana a me ka neutralization o ke kū'ē'ēʻana i waena o haipule a papa hana, ke aupuni 'ê a me ka' imi naʻauao waiwai (i loko o Vol. H. Of ka palapala, a me ka noʻeau kaiāulu).

8th State kuleana no ke aupuni palapala. Ma mau mea, i mālama 'ia ka mālamaʻana o nā haole palapala, i hana ciphers i hoʻohanaʻia huahelu o ka KGB, e hoʻouna i memo i konohiki kahi'ē, e hoʻoikaika i ka puali palapala lako a pan.

State palena hao wale hana i kiai ana i ka mokuna ma ka aina a ma ka moana. Ua Ua maheleia i 9 o ka mokuna mau mea, i uhi 67 tausani. Km o na palena o ka USSR. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka poʻe hao wale, he i ka manaʻo o ka Loaʻaʻia o ke kaua; uhi 'ino kēia hoʻonaue ma ka palena o kanaka, me na mea kaua, pahū, ukana a me ka Disruptive moʻokalaleo; ka mālamaʻana o Soviet a me kekahi mau moku.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka State eono, ua oi ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o kekahi mau oihana, uuku ma ka nui a me ka laulā:

• 7th hoʻoili ma ka hoʻomakākiu, a hāʻawi koʻokoʻo, a oaoieei lako a pan e kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka hana o ka haole a me ka hana kupua o Soviet poe kanaka.
• 9th e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka 'ohana ka palekana o ke ki aoao luna a me kā lākou mau lalaʻohana i loko o ka Kremlin a me nā aupuni iauaeoia ma ka aina.
• 16th aka i ke kelepona a me ka Radio nā loulou i hoʻohanaʻia e ka lehulehu Aupuni.

I hui me ka nui a me ka luna ', ka KGB, ma ka hou ana i mau oihana, i ka nui i hoʻomākaukauʻia hoʻolako kela la i keia functioning o ka hui. He ka HR Oihana, Secretariat, oaoieei-kākoʻo kookoo, ka Waiwai oihana, waihona, hoʻomalu 'Oihana, e like me ka' aoʻao hui.

I ka emi ana o ka KGB

August 18, 1991 Mihaila Gorbacheva luna o ka USSR i kekahi aupuni dacha ma ka Black kai i loko o ka Crimea Lutanela-General Yuri Plekhanov, i ka luna o ka mea koho pelekikena maluhia hana, a me Valery Boldin, ke poo o ka Gorbachev hooponopono, ka poe i manao ia o ka aoao i kipa ma kekahi mau poʻe kipi, i ka Vol. H. ua mea ma lalo o hoʻoweliweli. Ka mea, noi aku la ia ia i kekahi haʻalele 'ole haʻalele i ke koho pelekikena mana i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Hope Pelekikena Gennady Yanayev. Ma hope iho o ka holo pono o Gorbachev kiai hoopuni i kona hale,ʻaʻole hiki iā ia e haalele ole kamaʻilio me ke waho honua.

I ka Ia manawa ma Moscow "Alpha" pae 7 o ka KGB i kauoha e hoouka aku i ka hale o ka Russian hale kanawai, a lawe hooponopono no ia. Ka mahele ua e hoʻomaka malu reconnaissance o ka hale ma luna o August 19, a laila komo iloko, a hoʻopio i kona 20 la, a August 21 la. Kue i ka 'upu' ana o nā hoa o ka pilikia Komite, he pūʻulu alai ae ia e Mikhail Golovatova hoʻoholo ihola,ʻaʻole e lawe mai i ka hana. Ka mea,ʻula a ia a ke kue koa alakai e Boris Yeltsin i ole e hele mai e mālama i ka hale.

Ma hope o ka poʻe kipiʻike ihola i ka coup poorly? Oaony aʻaʻole e e holomua ka mea, ho'āʻo e negotiate me Gorbachev, oia no ko lākou pio. Ka Peresidena hoole e hālāwai ai me nā lālā o ka ulia pōpilikia Komite. Ua hopuia kekahi o na plotters, a ua uhi pū i ka coup.

Ke "koa o ewalu" he Hope-Peresidena, ka Luna hoomalu o ka KGB, i ka hoomalu ana i lawelawe ai, i ke Kuhina Nui lawelawe, he lâlâ 'o ka Pale Kaua Council, Aha Council hoa, Luna hoomalu o ka moku'āina-nova hana o ka Ahahui, a me ka Kuhina o Kūloko Aina e. Ehiku o ia i hopu, a ho'āhewa. Walu o ka pana aku la ia ia iho i loko o ke poo ma mua, ua hopu.

Ma hope o ka coup, Vladimir Kryuchkov, ka mua KGB luna hoʻomalu no ka makahiki ekolu, i UAIAaIN e Vadim Bakatin, mua hana like Kuhina o ka Kalaiaina mai ka 1988 a hiki i 1990, a i laila, i kapaʻia no ka'iako o ka State maluhia Komite. Kēia kūlana laila, lilo ae la ke kumu o kona pāʻewaʻewa a me ka mākaʻikaʻi kahi Borisa Pugo, a laila kākoʻo i ka coup.

A me Okatoba 24, 1991 i ka KGB Ua kauoha aku nā mea hoʻoheheʻe.

rebirth

Oiai formally ka KGB oki ia nei i loko o ka makahiki 1991, ka mea i maheleia i na hapa, i kahi hookahi hana o ka ia oihana, e like me ke Komite.

Haole manao Hana, i hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o October 1991, i aku la ia ma o ka hana o ka 1st State, e hoʻomaka huakaʻi i ke kai ana, ohi a me Ka Ikepili o ke akamai.

Federal oihana i no ka Aupuni Hoʻokaʻa 'a me Information i hana ma ke kumu o ka 8th State, a 16th Management a me ka mea kuleana i ka maluhia o ka' ōlelo a me ka EYI o ke akamai.

8-9 tausani. Koa i kekahi manawa, ua hoʻokōʻia i ka 9th mana, i pili i ka Pekelala mālama hana, a me ka mālama hana o ka pelekikena. Mau papa hana i kuleana no ka hoomalu ana i ka Kremlin, a pau nui hui o ka Russian Hui.

hoomaka i ka moolelo o ka FSB o Rusia ma lalo o kona keia inoa ma hope o ka makahiki 1993 o ka Kuhina o lakou e malu ai i disbanded. Ua komo 75,000 kanaka, mai ka lua, ke kolu a me ka lima o ka State. Kuleana no na e malu ai i loko o ka Russian Hui.

Aku i loko o ka hala ...

Ma hope o na makahiki o ka makaʻu Soviet poe kanaka, ka poe i mau makau brutal interrogation ka KGB ai ka hoohewaia e, e hana i loko o ka hoʻohalahala olelo o ka hana mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, ua oki ae la ka State mālama 'ia hoʻi Komite e nei ma lalo o kona inoa mua. Eia naʻe, he nui kanaka nō e noho i loko o ka makau ana i keia brutal a me ka repressive hui. Ua piha ka egregious kūʻiʻo i ka moolelo o ka FSB o Rusia. Kākau moʻolelo kona mau hana i ike e Anati-Soviet a me ka poe i ike ole ike i kona mau puke ma ka puka, ua i nā mōhai o ka 5th ke aupuni o ka KGB. ua wawahiia na ohana, i hopu ka wā hope o ke Komite, ho'āʻo a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi miliona o kanaka, e hoopaa i ka hana e hoʻomoana ai ma Siberia a me ka make. Ka hapa nui o na convicts i ole e hana i kekahi hewa - ka mea, he mau luahi o ka noho ana, i loko o ka hewa wahi i ka hewa manawa, a no ka ai i ka makaʻuʻole i hoʻopukaʻia ma ka hale. Kekahi o lakou i make wale no o KGB konohiki a pau, e like me ka mea palena piha, a ina ia mea,ʻaʻole lawa ka kiu i loko o ka malu o lākou, ka mea wale i kanaka hewaʻole, a me ke alahouana, ia a hiki i ka mea hai i ka hewa ka mea, i ole e hana.

Ua mea i Ua hele loa keia no. Akā, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Cheka-KGB-FSB 'aʻole i pau i laila. Recently Kupanaha i na manao, e hookupaa aku i kekahi Kuhina o ke Aupuni e malu ai i ke kumu o ka SVR a me FSB i reminiscent o ka Stalinist 'ole o ka mea ia inoa, i ka manao e pale aku i ka pono o ke aliʻi aoao.