Ezhov Nikolay: Kawaihae a me ka Hawaii photo

E like me ka ua i mai ka mōʻaukala, ka hapanui o ka poe i hoouna mai i Farani i ke ano hanohano, a me kaʻohana aliʻi a hiki i ka guillotine iloko o ka mea makau nui i loko o ka 18th kenekulia, hope i iho i. Aia i ke ahiahi, he iʻa hopuna'ōlelo, hōʻikeʻia e ke Kuhina o Lunakanawai Danton, i aku la, ma mua ka mea, oki ae la: "Ka kipi kona mau keiki e lawelawe."

Mōʻaukala hai ia iho i loko o nā makahiki o ko Stalin ka weliweli, ka wā kekahi mapuna o ka peni inehinei, i ka Ilamuku ke ia i loko o ka ua halepaahao hookahi bunk paha e pana aku la ia me ka hookolokolo ana, e like me ka pono me ka poe ana i hoouna aku ai i kā lākou make.

Ke vivid kumu hoʻohālike o Ezhov Nikolay - Commissar o Kūloko Affairs o ka USSR. I ka pololei o ka nui 'aoʻao o kona Kawaihae ua ninau aku ma ka moʻolelo, no ka mea, ua nui pouli mau kiko.

makua

E like me ka luna, Ezhov Nikolay i hānau i loko o 1895 ma St. Petersburg, ma ka hana ana i na ohana.

I ka Ia manawa ka mea, ua manaoio aku no lakou i kona makuakane, ua Ivan Commissar Yezhov, ka mea i hānauʻia me. Volhonschino (Tula'āina) a me ka malama aku i ka oihana lawelawe ma Lithuania. Aia la oia me kekahi kūloko ke kaikamahine no ana i mare koke, a hoʻoholo,ʻaʻole e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina. Ma hope o demobilization neʻe Yezhov ohana i Suvalki'āina a pau, a me Ivan la i ka makai.

kamaliʻi

I ka manawa o ka hanau ana o Koli kona mau makua loa paha i noho i loko o kekahi kauhale ma Marijampole County (e ma Lithuania). 3 makahiki ma hope, ua hoonohoia ke keiki ka makua kāne kahu o ke kalana Zemsky hoʻokiwikā wahi. Kēia 'ole ke' Ua alakai ai i ka mea i ka 'ohana neʻe ma Marijampole, kahi iniiaiie kula Kohl disaccustomed 3 makahiki.

E manaoio ana aku i kana keiki i lawa ka hoʻonaʻauao makua i ka 1906, hoouna aku la ia ia i ka hoahanau ma St. Petersburg, kahi āna i manao iho e aʻo kā oihana.

wa opiopio

Oiai ka Kawaihae o Nikolaya Ezhova kuhikuhi mai ia a 1911, ua hana ma ka Putilov hola me ka apprentice mechanic. Eia naʻe, archival palapala mai e hoʻopaʻa i kēia. Mākou wale ike ia i ka 1913, i ke kanaka opiopio hoi aku la i kona mau makua ma Suvalki'āina a pau, a laila, kuewa wale ae la ma ka huli 'ana o ka hana. Ma keia hihia, no kekahi manawa ka mea, i noho i loko o Tilsit (Germany).

I ke kauwela o 1915 Ezhov Nikolay hele aku la i ka hana manawaleʻa i ka poe koa. Ma hope o aʻo i loko o ka 76th infantry battalion i hoounaia mai ai i ka North-Western Front.

Mau mahina ma hope, ma hope e loaa ana i ka nui a me ka maʻi akemāmā nā palapū, i hoouna aku ai i ka hope oia, a ma ka kakahiaka kauwela o 1916 Nikolay Ezhov, kona ulu ua wale 1 mika 51 knm, i ua haiia ukele no ka oihana koa hana. No keia kumu, i hoouna aku ai i ka hope Workshop ma Vitebsk, i hele aku ai i na kiai a me ka lole, a me ka wa, e like me ka loa kupono koa, ua hoonohoia kakauolelo la ia.

I ka Akuma ka 1917 Ezhov Nikolay i loko o ka haukapila, a hoi aku la i kona pa alima, a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o ka 1918, i kuuia mai ma muli o ka maʻi no 6 mahina. He hou aku la i kona mau makua, ka mea ma ia manawa noho i loko o ka Tver mokuna. Ma Aukake o ka hookahi makahiki, hoomaka Yezhov e hana ma ke aniani hola, a ua Vyshny Volochyok.

Omaka i ka 'aoʻao' oihana

Ka palapala ninaninau hoopihaia e Yezhov ma ke kakahiaka nui 1920s, i mai la ia ia i hui ai ka RSDLP i loko o May 1917. Akā, ma hope o ka manawa, ua hoomaka ae la e olelo aku i ka mea i hana ia i loko o March 1917. I ka Ia manawa, e like me ka lala kekahi o ke Vitebsk kulanakauhale hui o ka RSDLP i loko o kona kahua Yezhov i 3 wale August.

I 'Apelila 1919, i kapaʻiaʻo ia e lawelawe i loko o ka Red Army, a hoouna aku la i ka radioformirovany kumu i loko o Saratov. Aia ia i malamaia me he kula mua, a laila, ma ke kauoha o ke kākau'ōlelo. MaʻOkakopa o ka ia makahiki, ua hoonohoia iho Ezhov Nikolay Komikina kumu kahi Radio hoʻomalu i aʻo, a ma ke kupulau o 1921, ua hoonohoia oia i Komisina o ka waihona ipu, a ua koho hope poo o ka Oihana agitpropagandistskim Tatar Regional Komite o ka RCP.

Ma Party hana i loko o ke poʻo

Ma July 1921, Ezhov Nikolay kakau mare me Titov. Hope koke iho o ka ahaaina mare, ka wahine mare hele i Moscow, a ua hoolilo i laila a me kana kane.

I ke poʻo, hoomaka ae la Yezhov e neʻe koke i loko o ka hana. Ma kekahi, he mau mahina ma hopeʻo ia i hoouna ia Mari Regional Party Komite me ka hooko kakauolelo.

Eia, oia ua paa i ka kēia 'aoʻao nā kūlana hana.

• hooko kakauolelo o ka moku'āina Komite o Semipalatinsk;
• i ke poo o kaʻaha hui oihana o ka 'āina' Komite o ka Kirghiz;
• hope hooko kakauolelo o ka 'āina' Komite Kazakskogo;
• orgraspredotdela kumu aʻo CC.

Ma ka'ōnaehana ka manao, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich i ka pono nā hana keaka, akā, i ka nui drawback - hiki ole ana, a hiki ma ka wahi, i hiki i kahi o kekahi mea hiki ke hana.

A hana i loko o ka Central Komite a 1929,ʻo ia malaila 12 mahina i mālama like Hope People ka Commissar no ka Mahiai o ka USSR, a laila, hoʻi e orgraspredotdel i ka poo.

"Hoomaemae"

Orgraspredotdelom Nikolai Yezhov i loko o ia manawa a hiki makahiki 1934. Alaila, haliu ae la ia i ke Komite Central o ka CPSU, i i lawe mai "maemae" o ka aoao, a ma Pepeluali 1935 i koho ia i Luna hoomalu o ka CPC Central Komite a me ke kakauolelo.

Mai ka makahiki 1934 a hiki i 1935 Yezhov ma ka aoao o Stalin poai puni i ka aeia ana o ka Kremlin, a me ka hihia o Kirov ka pepehi kanaka noiʻi. Ua i ka mea nana ua hoʻopili ia me Zinoviev hana, Trotsky a me Kamenev, nae kipi me Agranov e kū'ē i ka hope aʻa Makehewa o ka NKVD Yagoda.

hou hookohu

Ma September 1936, Stalin a me Zhdanov, , i hoounaia mai e noho ana ma ia manawa i hoomaha i ke kapikala o ka cipher telegrams i hōʻike 'ia Molotov, Kaganovich a me ka lālā' ē aʻe o ka Politburo. Ma ka mea, koi ikaika ae la lakou, e hoonoho i Yezhov a hiki i ke kia o ka People ka Commissar o Kūloko Affairs, e waiho ana iā ia me ka hope Agranova.

O ka holo ana, i lawe aku i ka mea mai koke, a ma ka hoʻomaka o Okatoba 1936 Nikolay Ezhov kakauinoa i ka mua mea no kana oihana, e hui i ka pou.

Ezhov Nikolay - People ka Commissar o Kūloko Affairs

Like G. Berry, la oia i hoolohe moku'āina mālama 'ia hoʻi ma lalo nei a me na makai, e like me ka pono me ancillary lawelawe e like me ke ahi ka hoomalu ana a me ka alanui'ōnaehana.

I kona hou kūpilikiʻi Nikolay Ezhov hoʻonohonoho i ka repression e ku e ia poe i mahuʻi mua o ka espionage a Anati-Soviet hana, "hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka" i loko o ka Party, me ka nuipa a hopu, deportations o ka lawelawe, ke aupuni, a me ka huiʻoihana laina.

Ma 'ana, ma hope o ka March 1937 plenum o ka Central Komite ao mai ai ia, e hana i na mea ma ka mea i loko o ka NKVD, i hopu i ka 2273 he limahana o ka' Oihana. Eia hou, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e iho ma Yezhov NKVD kauoha, na kino ma ka honua, e hoike ana i ka helu o ka unreliable poe kanaka, ka poe e paha, e hopu, ka make, hoʻokuewa wale 'ia ai i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a hana mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi.

I loko o kēia mau mea "hana" Yezhov i i hookoia i ka Papa Naita o Lenin. Aia mea no hoi he helu ana i kona mau e piʻi like hiki e wahi ana i ka make ana o ka mea kahiko kiai revolutionaries ka poe i ike unsightly biographies o na luna kula.

April 8, ua hoonohoia 1938 Yezhov hapa-manawa People ka Commissar o Wai amo, a me kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka mua hope o ka NKVD, a me ka Luna o ka State mālama 'ia hoʻi i Lavrentiy Beriya.

hilahila

I Nowemapa 1938, i ka Politburo o ka CP kūkākūkā denunciation o Nikolaya Ezhova, ka mea i kakauinoaia e ke poo o ka Ivanovo NKVD. A mau lā ma hope Commissar launahele hou i kona resignation, i ike kona kuleana no ka sabotage hana o ka "poe enemi", a ia inadvertently komo i ka Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi ka oihana, a me ka NKVD.

Kona ike mua ana i kona imminent hopu, i loko o ka palapala ana i ka alihi kaua o na kanaka a pau ana i noi mai hoopa aku i kona "na makahiki he kanahiku wahine-makuwahine" a manao i kona palapala ma e olelo ana oia i "na pogroms nui poe enemi."

Ma December 1938, "News" a me ka "Pravda" paʻi i ka memo i Yezhov, e like me kana noi, hookuu aku la ia, mai ka NKVD poo dute, akā, hoopaa iho la i ke kia o ka People ka Commissar o Wai lawe aku. He Ua pomaikai e Lavrenty Beria, ka poe i hoomaka i kana hana i loko o kona hou kulana me ka hopu ana o kanaka e kokoke loa ana i Yezhov i ka NKVD, na pahale, a me ka Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi ka oihana.

Ma ka lā o ka 15th lā hoʻomanaʻo o V. I. Lenina ka make, Yezhov ua hope i hiki mai ma ka nui hanana o ka lahui nui - ka pāpāiʻawa ke anaina kanaka a pau a hiki i kēia lā hoʻomanaʻo kaumaha. Akā, laila, ma muli o ka hanana, a akaka i ka 'ia ma luna ona, a hiki aku ma mua o mua, ka' ohi 'ao o ka huhu i ka alihi kaua o na kanaka - ia ia i koho i kekahi elele i ka XVIII Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Communist Bolshevik Party.

hopu

I 'Apelila 1939, Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich, kona Kawaihae i ka moʻolelo o ka mea hiki ole' oihana takeoff kanaka i hiki i keia wahi, e puka 'o ia mai ke kula haʻahaʻa, ua laweʻia i loko o kahi paa. Ka hopu ana ma ka Malenkov ka oihana, a me ka komo o Beria, ka mea i hoonohoia e alakai i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i loko o kona hihia. Mai lailaʻo ia i hoounaia i ka halepaahao, Sukhanovskaya kūikawā NKVD.

Ma hope o 2 pule, Yezhov kakau iho la i ka palapala aie, a hoʻokomo akula i ka homosexual. Hope ka mea, i ia me ka maopopo i ka mea i ku pono 'īnea i hana no ka p', a me ka Anati-Soviet mau hana.

Akā, ka hapanui, ka mea i waiho ai ia ia ma ka hewa, i hoʻohālua he coup a me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli aʻo, i makemake e hoʻohana i lawe mai ho'āhewa wale ma luna o nā lālā o ka aoao a me ka noho aupuni ana ma Nowemapa 7 ma ka Red Square, ma ka h ÷ ike ike ana o ka hana kanaka.

Keia manawa, a me ka hooko

Nikolai Yezhov, he Hawaii photo no i ua hōʻike i loko o ka 'atikala, hoole aku i ka' āhewa 'ana, a kapa aku la i kona wale kuhihewa i ka nele ana o ka ikaika i loko o ka ", i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe" ka moku'āina maluhia nā loko.

I kona olelo hope ma ka hookolokolo ana, Yezhov mai la oia i ka mea i maikai, i kuiia iloko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana, ka mea nae mea pono kaua 25 makahiki, a luku aku i ka poe enemi o na kanaka. Eia hou, i mai la ia ina au makemake e e ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli kaua e ku ei kekahi o na lala o ke aupuni,ʻo ia i ole i ke Imi i ke kanaka,ʻo ia hiki e hoʻohana i ka pono 'ana i kūpono.

Pepeluali 3, 1940, mua People ka Commissar i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. Ke hooko i wahi i ka kēia lā. E like me ka hoike ana o ka poe i hele pu me ia i loko o ka minute hope ma mua i pana, oia mele "Ka Internationale". Ka Make Nikolaya Ezhova ua instantaneous. E luku i ka hoomanao ana o ka hoa kahiko, ua hoʻoholo ka aoao alakaʻi ma cremation o kona kino.

lāʻau kū mortem

About ka hookolokolo ana o Yezhov a me kona hooko ua i hoike. Ka mea wale nō mea i ke ano o keia i kekahi i ka Land o Soviets, ka mea, ke i ka hoi ana mai o ka inoa kahiko o ke kulanakauhale o Cherkessk, e like me ka nalowaleʻana o ka mea kahiko People ka Commissar o nā kiʻi me ka pae kiʻi.

I ka 1998, Nikolai Yezhov i loaʻa mai i ka e rehabilitated ma ke Koa Collegium o ka Aha Kiekie. Nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē Kuhikuhi 'ia i nā kēia kūʻiʻo:

• Yezhov hoʻonohonoho i ka moʻo o ka pepehi kanaka o ka poe i, ua hewa ia i ona kino;
• He i ke ola o kana wahine, no ka mea, ua hiki kiola aku la i kona puka hana, a ua hana i kona mau pono, e haawi ia i ka hewa no ka hana o ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho;
• like me ka hopena o ka hana lawe mai i kulike ai me na kauoha Nikolaya Ezhova, i hopu ia oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona kanaka.

Ezhov Nikolay Ivanovich: aloha ke ola

E like me ua oleloia, o ka wahine mua i pana Commissar Antonina Titova (1897-1988). Ke hoeeia e hemo i ka 1930, aʻaʻohe āna keiki.

Me kona lua o ka wahine - Eugene (Shulamith) Solomonovna - Yezhov, ua halawai mai ia ia ia i noho mare ai i ka diplomat a me kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Alekseem Gladunom. Ke kaikamahine kēia kaikamahine koke ho'āpono wahine hemo la, a lilo ae la ka wahine o ka lōʻihi-makahiki aoao functionary.

Ua holopono ka paka i kekahi mau i loko o ka malamalama o kā lākou mau keiki, akā, ka mea, ua aponoia ka makua. Ke kaikamahine ka inoa ua Natalie, a ma hope o ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho o ka hānai makuwahine, i mai ai koke ma mua o kona hopu ia ana a me ka hooko ana o Yezhov, ua pau i loko o ka orphanage.

Ano oe i ka mea i Nikolai Yezhov, kona Kawaihae ua kokoke typical o na limahana o ka moku'āina nakeke i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, Dorval i ka mana i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o ka USSR, a ana ke ola e like me kā lākou mau mōhai.