I ka ua he kaua no Wesenberg? Kumu a me ka hopena

Rakovor medieval kaua i wahi i ka 1268. Kēia kaua i kekahi o na mea he nui Episode o ka Northern Crusades a me ka paio ma waena o ka Teutonic naita, a me ka Lūkini ko na'lii, no ka ole i loko o ka Baltic māhele 'āina.

I ka moolelo o kēia mau luna 'kona piko a ua pono ike no o na kaua Aleksandra Nevskogo, Nevsky Kaua o ka Ice. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o kēia mau hanana kaua o Wesenberg koeʻaneʻaneʻike makaʻole. Aka hoi, ka mea, ua nui ka kaua, a i mālamaʻia ka nui pu.

prehistory

Ma ka mokuna o kēia Latvia, a Estonia no kekahi mau kenekulia noho compactly Baltic ohana. I ka XI kenekulia i loko o ka'āina ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka ia kenekoa? Anoe? O Rusia, akā, ka mea, ua ma aneane koke no i ka outbreak o pili aupuni fragmentation ma ka Hikina Slavic moku'āina. Kokeʻikeʻia i loko o ka Baltic Kelemānia colonists. Ka mea, ua Hui ma ka hoomana ana, a me ka Pope hoʻonohonoho i ka Crusades no ka mea o ka bapetizo pegana.

No laila, i loko o ka XIII kenekulia a me kona 'ano Teutonic Livonian kauoha. Lākou mau allies he Kuekene a me Denmark. Ma Copenhagen, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka oihana koa kai eʻe, e hopu Eastland (laekahi Estonia). Na Crusaders poe ma ka palena o ka Lūkini ko na'lii, kuhikuhi (Pskov a me Novgorod). I ka 1240 ka mea mua e kue wawahi mai ma waena o hoalauna. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, Rusia i lalo hoouka o ka Mongol mau poe a pau, ka poe i hele mai, mai ka hikina steppes. Ka mea i luku ai i na kulanakauhale he nui, akā, i hele mai i Novgorod, a ua nui loa aku i ke kūkulu'ākau.

Kaua Aleksandra Nevskogo me ka Western make māinoino

Kēia 'ole ke' kōkua Nevsky houluulu hou ikaika, a me ka huli repel ka Swedes a me ka Kelemānia crusaders. Alexander kūpono wawahi ia i loko o ke kaua o ka Neva (1240), a Ice Kaua (1242). Ma hope o ka pomaikai o ka Lūkini mea kaua armistice i kakauinoaia, nae, na diplomats a pau, ka mea, ua maopopo i ka 'aelike mea pokole wale, a ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, Kakolika e hoopai i kekahi papai aku.

Nolaila, hoomaka ae la Alexander Nevsky eʻimi allies i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Crusaders. He hoʻokele e hookupaa i ka hui 'ana me ka Lituania Duke Mindaugas, no ka mea, a i ka German? Anoe? Ua he koʻikoʻi hoʻoweliweli. Mau aliʻi i ke kokoke loa i ka ua e hana oia i kuikahi. Eia naʻe, i loko o 1263 ka Lituania aliʻi a me Novgorod, make iho la aneane ka poʻe.

kanaka Dovmont

Ke kaua kaulana o Wesenberg haʻalele i ka poʻe mamo i ka nani inoa Dovmont, nana i alakai i ka Pskov kaua i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Kakolika. Kēia luna i mai Lithuania. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Mindaugas, lalau iho la oia ia ma ka hapa kaua kūloko i loko o ko lākou'āina. He pilikia e malama kekahi'āina hoʻoili, a me ka mea i kipakuʻia lākou mau compatriots. Oia hoi, laila, Uaʻike Dovmont no konaʻano koa wiwoʻole. Ke kanaka me ke hoihoi nā kupa o Pskov, ka mea ma hope o ka make ana o Aleksandra Nevskogo ma ka pono o ka kuokoa koiʻo o ka hoalauna. Dovmont pahaʻae, e malama aku ai i ke kulanakauhale, a ma ka 1266 ua lilo i ka Pskov luna a me ka warlord.

Kēia ka pilina i ke koho ana o kekahi hanana pili aupuni'ōnaehana maʻamau ma ka akau o Rusia. Pskov a Novgorod heʻokoʻa, mai na kulanakauhale e ae East i kā lākou mau luna i hoonohoia ma ka olelo hooholo o ka hanohano koho ana - ke keena. No ka mea, o keia like, me ka poʻe e noho lā ma kēia mau aina i pinepine i kue me nā Lūkini kālai'āina-oaio? A - Vladimir-ma-Klyazma, alii iho la oia ma hereditary ka poeikohoia o ka Rurik aliʻi. Lakou uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Mongols a me kekahi manawa, imi ae la ka ia i ka waiwai auhau mai Novgorod a me Pskov. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe mea i luna 'o ka pilina ma waena o lākou, i ke kumu nui hoʻoweliweli' no ka mea Lūkini republics i loko o ia mau lā i hele mai, mai ke komohana mai.

Ma keia manawa i loko o ka Baltic States i hana i ka conglomerate o ka Hui Hawaii, a hoʻohana i ka ia manawa, e imi ana i ka lanakila a me ka bapetizo i nā pegana a me ka lanakila Slavs.

Novgorod kai eʻe ma Lithuania

I ka 1267 Novgorod hoʻonohonoho i kai eʻe ma luna o ke kaua Lithuanians, ka mea e ole ae e hoomaha i ko lakou mokuna. Naʻe, ke alanui a hiki i ke komohana kue hoʻomaka 'ana i waena o nā eiiaiaeu, a ua ano e ae la ka mua kumumanao. Ma kahi o ka hele ana i Lithuania, Novgorod hele ma Estland, a no i ke Denemaka ke aliʻi. Kaua o Wesenberg i ka culmination o ke kaua. Ke olelo kumu no ke kai eʻe, ua regular kūkala nūhou ua Lūkini poe kuai hooluhi hewa ia mai, e mau maka market, iā lākou ma ka Danes.

Naʻe, ina e makemake ana i Novgorod ka mea, makemake lakou e paakiki iho ma ko oukou pale ana i ka Hui Union. Ka mua kai eʻe i ka 1267 i pau ai, a ma mua ka mea, hoomaka ae la. Ka poe koa i alualu ka hale, a me na koa alakai manao e noi aku i kōkua mai i ka Luna Nui Duke Vladimir Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Ma na kapa o ka Volkhov kia'āina oia i kekahi me ka kūloko kanaka. Ka mea, i kekahi keiki o Alexander Nevskogo Yuriy Andreevich. He kēia luna i ka alihi kaua nui i loko o ka Lūkini kaua, ka wā ua he kaua no Wesenberg.

Ka Union o Lūkini alii

hoomaka Lūkini amara e forge mea kaua hou a me ka mea kaua. Yuri Andreyevich kono'ē aʻe Slavic aliʻi, e hui me kona kai eʻe. Initially, i ka 'ōlelo o ka poʻe kaua i ka poe kaua o Novgorod, ka Vladimir inā he poʻe hao wale, ka mea i haawiia mai i ke alii kiaaina Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Kaua o Wesenberg ua, e hoao i ka ikaika o na hoahanau Ally ma waena o nā hoalauna.

Eia hou, i hui na kanaka o Novgorod ma nā luna: ke keiki a Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry, ka mea i alii ai ma Pereyaslavl; Children Vladimir Prince Svyatoslav a me Michael, a me ka mea hiki Tver paukū; like pono me ka Haku o Pskov Dovmont.

I kēia manawa Russian Naita hoomakaukau ana i no ka kaua imminent, Hui diplomats i hana aku ai ko lakou mau pono, e outwit i ka enemi. Ma ka waena o ke anaina kanaka o ka poʻe hao wale i loko o ka Novgorod elele hiki mai Riga, i ho i ka pono o ka Livonian Papa. Ua ua he liana. Lūkini i nāʻelele e hoohuli e e ka maluhia ma ka uku no ka mea i ka Papa i i kākoʻo i ka Danes i loko o kā lākou kaua. Ia Novgorod ua kūkākūkāʻia me ka poʻe e noho ana o Riga, ka mea, ua hoouna aku nei kaua i ke kūkulu'ākau o lākou mau hooilina, e hoomakaukau ana e hoonohonoho i ka hei ai lakou.

Reid ma ka Baltics

January 23 ami Lūkini paukū hele mai Novgorod. Ua kali kaua o Wesenberg. 1268, hoomaka ae la me ka mau anu hooilo, no laila, ke koa neʻe koke oledenevshuyu Narva, ka mua palena ma waena o nā aupuni elua. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ke kai eʻe i ka strategically nui pā Rakovor. Lūkini poʻe hao wale, neenee loa, noho kālele ana ma luna o looting nö hoʻi Denemaka ?? eoi? Ee.

Kaua o Wesenberg mai ai ma luna o ka muliwai kapa, o ka wahi o ka i nō,ʻaʻole pono hookupaaia. Moʻolelo hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana me kekahi i kekahi, no ka mea, o ka mea komo o nā kumu ma i kekahi wahi inoa i hōʻike. Kekahi ala e, ke kaua hiki February 18, 1268 ma ka akau o Estonia, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Rakovora.

E hoomakaukau ana no ka hoouka kaua

Ma ka Ewa o ka hookui hoouna mai la i ka noho luna ana o ka Lūkini kiu ma ka mea e pono aʻo e pili ana i kaʻenemi ka ikaika. A hoʻi hou aʻela LIKE hōʻike ana i loko o ka poʻe hoʻomoana o ka enemi nui loa koa i kekahi wale no o ka Denemaka, Army. Ua hoopaa kaʻawaʻawa loa ke koho i ka wa a ka Lūkini Naita i ike mua ia i ka naita o ka Livonian Papa. Kēia i ka pololei 'aʻe' ana i ka maluhia i ke kuʻikahi ma, a na kēia kanaka Kelemānia like me Novgorod ma ka Ewa o ke kai eʻe.

I loko nō o ka mea i uaʻale huli ka ikaika ma mua o manaoia e na luna o ka Lūkini kaua i ka enemi kaua, ka Slavs i ole flinch. E like me nāʻoihana aliʻi, i ke kahua kaua ua parity - ma kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao, aia no ua kokoke 25 tausani kanaka.

ʻO nā kaʻa mokulele o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia

Ka mea o ke kaua o ka Hui koa i hana e like me ka mea punahele Teutonic nā kaʻa mokulele. Ka mea, ua i ka mea i loko o ka waena o kaʻelemakule makaukau naita ku mai ma ke ano o kekahi auka kauoha ma ka enemi.

I kā lākou mau lima'ākau,ʻo ka Danes. Ka hema o ka Riga militia. Pūhaka ua e uhi i ka hoouka ana o ka Naita. ole kaua o Wesenberg i hana ai i loko o 1268 no ka Kakolika i hoao mai ai e hou-manaʻo lākou hae nā kaʻa mokulele i kuʻu aku iā lākou i lalo i loko o ke kaua me Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Ieoaeunoai o Lūkini hao wale

no hoi, ua maheleia Lūkini poe koa i loko o ka iiiaanoaa regiments, kela mea keia mea o ka i kauoha aku e kekahi o makualii. Ma ka akau ku Pereyaslavets a me Pskov. I ke kikowaena ua Novgorod, no ka mea, i ke kaua o Wesenberg i ka 1268 ua he kuleana Episode i loko o ka paio e ku ei na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ma ka hema o ia ua ke aupuni 'Tverskaya paukū hoouna ia e ka luna o Vladimir.

Ma ka 'ole o ka poʻe hao wale Lūkini i waiho kona papa kuhikuhiE drawback. Ikaika, a me kou akamai, ua powerless ma mua o ka uncoordinated hana o pūkaua. Lūkini aliʻi i arguing no ka mea, ka mea ma ke kānāwai i ke poʻo o ka mea holoʻokoʻa koa kai eʻe. E like me ka mea dynastic kulana, i mai la oia Dmitry Alexandrovich, akā,ʻo ua opiopio, ka mea i haawi ia ia credibility i loko o ka maka o ka ili nā hoapili. Ka loa holomua kou akamai mea i Lituania Dovmont, akā, ka mea, ua wale no ka Pskov voivod a no hoi i hui ole ia i ka genus Rurik.

No laila, ma ke kaua Lūkini poʻe hao wale hana ma luna o lākou iho, e ia kūlana i ka Crusaders. Ke Kaua o Wesenberg, na kumu o i i manao ai i loko o ke kaua o Novgorod a me Kakolika, wale Mamua i ka hakakā ma waena o ka Slavic aliʻi.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua

Me ka hoouka ana o Kelemānia naita hoomaka kaua o Wesenberg. February 18 ua e hooholo i o na aoao a hiki i ke kaua, e e lanakila i loko o ke kaua. Oiai na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hele mua i loko o ka konu o Tver a me Pereyaslavl poe kiai e ku e ka enemi ma luna o ko lākou mau pūhaka. no hoi i i noho hana ole ana Pskov regiment. Kona Naita clashed me ka poe koa i pau i ka Bishop o Dorpat.

Ka loa nui loa iho la ma ka Novgorod. Ka mea, i ka maka i ka hoouka ana o ke kaulana Kelemānia "puaʻa" ka wā naita ma kaʻaʻahu hele ulu ma ka frantic māmā holo, a ua kahili ae aku i ka enemi, mai ke kahua kaua. Zhivago kaua i hoomakaukau ai no keia huli o ka hanana hoalaala ia i kūlana pale echelons. Eia naʻe, i tactical ia paena i ole kōkua Novgorod ku i ka hopena o ka lio. Ka mea, flinch mua, a me ka piko o Lūkini kaua ka'ākeʻakeʻa sagged, a moe iho la ilalo. Hoʻomaka e panic, ka mea nani i mea e pili ana i ka hopena kaua o Wesenberg. Poina i ka lanakila o Lūkini i na mea kaua i hua mai la i ke aloha a hiki i ka ikaika a me ka tenacity o Dmitry Alexandrovich.

Kona regiment e hoʻokele e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo Riga militia. I ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ke aliʻi i loko o ka hope o ka hihia lawe i ka ino e huli mai, oia koke huli i kona poe koa hoʻi, a ku i ka ke Kelemānia a mai ka hope. O ka Ua i manao ia he kāʻeʻaʻeʻa hoouka.

Delivery o ka ukana

Ma keia manawa i ka Novgorod kiaaina Yurii holo mua mai ke kahua kaua. Ke mau koa uhane o kona poe koa, i kona noho ana i loko o nā kaua, hui i ka manawa e e wikiwiki, e kōkua Dmitry Alexandrovich. Ma ka 'ē aʻe pūhaka Danes hope hookuu mai ko lakou wahi, a holo aku ma hope o ka militias o ka mea i make Bishop. Tverskaya paukū i ole e hele mai i ke kōkua o Novgorod ma ka waena, a hoomaka ae la e alualu i ka enemi a emi ana. No ka mea, o keia, ka Lūkini koa ua hikiʻole i ka hoonohonoho i kohu kūpono ia'ku i ka Kelemānia "puaʻa."

Ma ke ahiahi o ka Naita hooauheeia ka hoouka Pereyaslavets, a hou, hoomaka ae la e noho i loko o ka Novgorod. Eia hoi, ma ka poeleele, ka mea, hopu Lūkini convoy. Ua ua i noho ai, a me ka hoʻopuni machines, ka poe i makaukau no ka ikiiki, a me ka hoʻopioʻana o Rakovora. A pau o ia i koke lukuia. Naʻe, ka mea, ua wale occasional ka pomaikai o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ke Kaua o Wesenberg, pokole olelo ana, wale pani no ka mea ua ma luna o ke ao hola. ka loaʻaʻana Army waiho iho la i ko lakou mau mea kaua i ka po, a ho'āʻo e hoʻonānea, i hope pohihihi mai lākou pili i ka wanaʻao.

Night koa ahaolelo

I ka po ma ka oihana hoi Tver Regiment, ka mea i hahai i ka Danes. He Ua hui ma ke koena koa, mai nā 'iniha, kapuaʻi. Mawaena o ka make kino i ike Novgorod o Meia Mikhail Fedorovich. A iki ma hope ma luna kuka ana no ka manao e hoouka aku i ka ke Kelemānia a i loko o ka pouli manawa e repel i ka mea hou nalowale. Naʻe, i kēia manaʻo ua nui adventurous, no ka mea, o ka poe koa, ua maluhiluhi, a ua kuʻi mai ka mana. Ua Ua hooholoia, e kali a kakahiaka.

I ka Ia manawa, i ka i koena Kelemānia regiment, ka wale i koe o ka palapala kahua o ka militant Hui conglomerateʻike ihola i ka poino o ko lākou kulana. Kona mau luna hoʻoholo ihola e kuemi hope. Uhiʻana mai o ka po, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia haʻalele i ka Lūkini convoy, aʻaʻole lawe me ia i? Iecaianoaaiiie.

waiwai

Ma ke kakahiaka o ka Lūkini kaua e ka mea, ua hee aku la na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mākou i aʻo. Ua ano o ia ma luna o kaua o Wesenberg. Where luku i wahi, nā haneri o nā heana i moe ana ma laila. Lunaʻekolu lā e noho ana i loko o ke kula, e kanu i ka poe make, a me ka mai mai hoopoina i ka ohi Nā Kia. Ka lanakila ua no ka Lūkini kaua, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia luku i ke kaua kiko'ī, ka lōʻihi hele i ka pakaua Rakovor i meaningless. Me kūikawā hana i ka hopu hoʻoikaika 'ana i ua ole hiki. Hiki Hawaii i ka loa a me ka a no ka maluhiluhi hoʻopuni, akā, ua, mai ka kinohi mai ia i loko o na mea kuka o Novgorod.

Nolaila, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua hoʻi i kā lākou mau'āina, a hiki i ko lakou mau kulanakauhale. Me keia pāʻoihana,ʻaʻole wale hooholo i ka Pskov Prince Dovmont, ka mea a me kona entourage hele aku ma luna o ke kaua ma luna o insecure townships Pomerania. Ke Kaua o Wesenberg, a ma kahi o 15 tausani kanaka make, e waiho ana no he milestone i loko o ka confrontation ma waena o nā koa, a me ka Hui kahunapule, a laila me ka Lūkini ko na'lii,.