Afghanistan: mōʻaukala, mai ka wa kahiko a hiki i ka lā keia

Afghanistan - he aina i mea oi ma mua o 200 makahiki, o ka wahi o ka hoihoi loa nui âlapa pôhili me ka honua kālai'āina. Kona inoa ua pono ka i loko o ka papa inoa o ka noho pilikia loa piko pele o ko mākou Honua. Eia naʻe, wale he mau ike i ka mōʻaukala o Afghanistan, a ua hai aku la i ka hua olelo i loko o kēia 'atikala. Eia hou, kona kanaka no kekahi mau millennia ua hana i ka waiwai moʻomeheu i mea kokoke i Persian, a ianoiyuaa a mea i emi no i ka hoʻomauʻana kālai'āina, a-yeiiiie? Instability a me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hana o'ano'ē Islamist a papa hana.

I ka moolelo o Afghanistan, mai ka wā kahiko

Ua ikea mai ke kanaka mua i loko o ka palena o ka aina ma kahi o 5,000 makahiki aku nei. Ka hapanui o noiʻi i manaoio i keia mea ma kahi a me ka honua i ka mua sedentary mahiʻai ka noho 'ana. Eia hou, ka mea, ua mākaukauʻana iʻikeʻia ia Zoroastrianism ma ka makana ?? eoi? O Afghanistan ma waena o 1800 a me 800 makahiki BC, a me ka hoʻokumu o ka hoomana, i mea kekahi o ka mea kahiko, malaila i ka makahiki hope o kona ola ana, a make iho la ma Balkh.

Ma ka waena o ka 6th kenekulia BC. e ka. Achaemenids komo kēia mau aina o ke aupuni a pau Peresia. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka makahiki 330 BC. e ka. ka mea, ua pio e ke koa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. E like me ka hapa o kona State o Afghanistan ua a hiki i ka'opi, a laila, lilo ae la kekahi hapa o ka Seleucid aupuni a pau, ma laila i kanu Hoʻomana Buda. A laila, i ka māhele 'āina i hele mai ma lalo o ke aupuni o ka Greco-Bactrian aupuni. Ma ka pau ana o ka 2nd kenekulia BC. e ka. Indo-Helene luku i ka Scythians, a ma ka mua kenekulia AD. e ka. Afghanistan lanakila ka Parthian aupuni a pau.

Middle Ages

Ma ka 6th kenekulia, i ke aupuni o ka palena lilo kekahi hapa o ka Sassanid aupuni a pau, a me ka hope - o ka Samanids. Afghanistan laila, i ka mōʻaukala o ka i kokoke i ole i manawa lōʻihi o ka maluhia, ola ka ¶ʻO'Araba kaua, a pau i loko o ka hopena o 8th kenekulia.

Over ka ia 9 kenekulia, ke aupuni ua pinepine i hala mai ka lima a he lima a ka 14th kenekulia ia i komo i loko o ka Timurid aupuni a pau. I loko o kēia wā Herat lilo i ka lua o ka waena o ka moku'āina. Ma hope o 2 kenekulia hope o ka Timurid i nohoaliʻi - Babur - ia i hoʻokumu i ka aupuni a pau e pili ana ma Kabul, a hoomaka ae la e hana ai i India huakaʻi. He koke neʻe i India, Afghanistan, a me ka mokuna i kekahi hapa o ka Safavid aupuni.

I ka emi ana o ka moku'āina ma ka 18th kenekulia alakai i ke kahua o ka feudal ali, a e kipi ku e Iran. I ka Ia manawa i hana Gilzeyskoe na'lii a me kona kapikala i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Kandahar, pepehi i ka 1737 Persian koa o Nadir Shah.

Durrani moku'āina

Ironically, Afghanistan (i ke aupuni o ka mōʻaukala i loko o ka wā kahiko oe i ike ai mamua) Ua lilo kekahi kuokoa moku'āina wale nō i loko o ka wā 1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani hoʻokumu i ke aupuni a me kona kapikala ma Kandahar. Ma lalo o kāna keiki, Timur Shah, i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o ka moku'āina i haʻi mai Kabul a me ka hoʻomaka o ka 19th kenekulia, i ka aina i lilo i ke aliʻi Shah Mahmud.

Pelekāne koloniala? Anoe?

I ka moolelo o Afghanistan, mai ka mua a hiki i ka wa o ka kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia, paa nui na mea pohihihi, ai na mea he nui o konaʻaoʻao i? Anoee comparatively poorly. Ke ia hiki ole ke olelo mai e pili ana i ka wā ma hope o ka kaua o ka mokuna o ka Anglo-Indian hao wale. "New mea nona" Afghanistan aloha mea a akahele hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi a pau hanana. Ma 'ana, i ka palapala i koena a me ka palapala mai o Beritania i na koa, a me nā luna i kā lākou mauʻohana ike o nā lāliʻi, kaua ole wale a me uprisings o ka kūloko heluna kanaka, akā, i kona aoao o ke ola a me ka mooolelo.

No laila, i ka mōʻaukala o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, a i lawelawe 'ia e ka Anglo-Indian poe koa, i lilo ai i ka 1838. A mau mahina ma hope 12000th Hoʻohui 'ia o Pelekāne koa makani ino mai ai Kandahar a me Kabul a me ka hope. 'Emira käpae' hookui hookahe koko ana me ke kūlana hoa paio, a hele aku la i loko o nā kuahiwi. Eia naʻe, kipa kona elele i mau ka poʻo, a ma ka makahiki 1841 ma Kabul hoomaka pīhoihoi i waena o ka kūloko heluna. kauoha Pelekāne hoʻoholo e emi hope i India, akā, ma luna o ke alanui hao wale i ka make ma ka Afghan guerrillas. Ka muli o ua he brutal punitive kaua.

First Anglo-Afghan War

Ke kumu no ka outbreak o hostilities ma ka aoao o ka Beritania aupuni a pau i ka hoʻouna o ka Lūkini ke aupuni i ka makahiki 1837 Lutanela Witkiewicz ma Kabul. Aia ka mea, he e noho like me ka noho ana ma ke kāʻili 'ana i ka mana i loko o ka Afghan kapikala o nei anei Muhammad. Hope ma ia manawa mua B makahiki 10 oia i kaua aku ai me kona mau pili o ka hanauna, Shuja Shah, kākoʻo ma Lākana. Ka Beritania nānā i ka huakaʻi me ka Witkiewicz Rusia ka manao e loaa ka foothold ma Afghanistan, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e komo India.

Ma Ianuali 1839, i ka poe kaua Beritania o 12,000 koa a me 38,000 poe hana ma 30 000 kāmelo, ma kela aoao o ka Bolan Pass. April 25 me ka paio, ua hoʻokele e lawe Kandahar, a hoʻolana i ka hoouka ma Kabul.

Ikaika e kū'ē'ē mai i ka Beritania i wale pā o Ghazni, nae, a ua kiola i ka haawi. Way e Kabul i ua weheia, a ua hina iho la i ke kulanakauhale 7 August 1839. 'Emira Shuja Shah, a Amir anei Mohammad holo aku la a hiki i ka mauna ma luna o ka noho aliʻi me ke kākoʻo mai o ka noho alii ana o Beritania me ka uuku pūʻulu o nā koa.

Papa Pelekāne protege i ole mau loa ana, e like me ka mea kūloko feudal haku i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka unrest i loko o nā wahi a pau o ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la e hoouka aku i ka poʻe komohewa.

I ka hoʻomaka o 1842 like ka Pelekania, a me ka Indians me ia i wehe i kekahi ala hele ma i kekahi hiki aku i India. Eia naʻe, Jalalabad Afghans pepehi i ka Pelekania, a pakele mai ka 16.000 kanaka, wale kekahi kanaka.

Ma muli o, i ukali ia e punitive kaua kiʻi e kaua, a ma hope o ka suppression o ka uprising ka Pelekania komo i loko o ke kūkā 'ana me anei Mohammed, a me ka hooikaika aku ia ia, e haʻalele rapprochement me Rusia. Ma hope, Ua kakauinoa i ka maluhia Kuikahi.

Lua o Anglo-Afghan War

Ke kahua ma ka aina koe kŘpa a eii? A 1877 'aʻole i hoʻomaka Russian-Turkish kaua. Afghanistan, kona mōʻaukala - ka mea, 'o ka papa inoa lōʻihi o ka puali kaua, Ua hou loaa i loko o ka crossfire. Ka mea ka i ka wā London i hoikeia'ōhumu mai me ka pomaikai o ka Lūkini e hoopae ia e neʻe koke i Kou, St. Petersburg hoʻoholo ihola e pāʻani i ka Indian palapala'āina. No keia mea, ua hoouna aku la ia Kabul, a i maliuʻia me ka hanohano 'Emira Sher ali i ka huakaʻi. Ma ka'ōlelo aʻo a Lūkini diplomats, i ka la mahope hoole i ka e ke aupuni o Beritania olelo. Ua alakai aku ai i ke komoʻana o ka poʻe hao wale Pelekāne ma Afghanistan. Lakou noho ana i ke kapikala a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka hou 'Emira Yaqub Khan kakauinoa i ka' aelike, e like me a kona aupuni, aole pono e hoʻomaka kuwaho me ka 'uao' ana o ke aupuni o Beritania.

I ka 1880, 'Emira lilo Abdurrahman Khan. He i ka hoao e komo i loko o poe kue i ka Lūkini poʻe i loko o Turkestan, akā, ua hee o ma Malaki 1885 ma ka mua Kushka wahi. E like me ka hopena, London a me St. Petersburg pu hoakaka i ka palena loko a Afghanistan (mōʻaukala i loko o ka 20th kenekulia ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo nei) nō i koe i keia la.

Kuokoa, mai ka Beritania aupuni a pau

I ka 1919, i ka hopena o ka pepehi kanaka o Emira Habibullah Khan, a me ka coup d'etat ma luna o ka noho aliʻi hoao Amanullah Khan, nāna i haʻi mai i ke aupuni o ka kuokoa, mai Beritania a me ka hai ana jihad e ku e ia ia. Ka mea, Ua paʻa e mobilize a India neʻe 12000th koa o regular koa, kākoʻoʻia hoʻokahi haneri thousandth poʻe kaua o partisans nomads.

Mōʻaukala o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, a hemo aku ma ka Pelekania ma ka mea e malama i kona keiki, i na he olua i ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke aupuni o ka papakaukau airstrike. Pepehi wale ia e ka RAF i na hoopai ana a hiki i Kabul. E like me ka hopena o ka panic hanaʻia i waena nā kupa o ke kumukuai, a ma hope o kekahi mau o ka nalowale kaua Amanullah Khan noi e pili ana i ke ao nei.

Ka maluhia Kuikahi i kakauinoaia August 1919. E like me keia palapala, i ka aina i loaa mai i ka pono o ka mawaho pili, akā, ua nele o ka makahiki Pelekāne subsidy o 60,000 kānaka paona Sterling, i a 1919 i pili ana i ka hapalua o ko Afghanistan ka Bedroom emi iki nei.

aupuni

I ka 1929, Amanullah Khan, ka mea, ma hope o ka holo ana i 'Eulopa, a me ka Soviet Union ua ana e hoʻomaka'ano'ē nā mea hoʻololi, Ua ousted i loko o ke kipi Habibullah Kalakani inoa kapakapa Bacha Saqao (ke keiki a ka wai lawe). Ke ho'āʻo nei e • loaʻa hou i ka noho aliʻi o ka mua 'Emira, makani hoʻi ma Soviet poʻe hao wale, ua ole he pomaikai. Mākou i ka lanakila o ka Beritania, ka poe i hookahuli Bacha Saqao, a kau akula iā ia ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Nadir Khan. Me kona poni, hoomaka ae la ka hala koke mōʻaukala o Afghanistan. Aupuni mō'ī ma Afghanistan i kapa aliʻi, a me ka emirate i hoopauia.

I ka makahiki 1933, Nadir Khan, ka mea i pepehi i ka cadet oiai ka parade ma Kabul, Ua auou caiaiai ma luna o kāna keiki noho aliʻi, Zahir Shah. He ua he reformer, a i manaoia kekahi o ka loa a me ka naʻauao e holumua ai hawaiian mō'ī o ke aupuni o kona manawa.

I ka 1964, Zahir Shah puka i ke kumukānāwai hou, a i nona ma ka democratization o Afghanistan, a me ka hoʻopau o ka hoʻokae ma luna o nā wāhine. E like me ka hopena, hoomaka iho la radically i hoʻopilikino 'clergy e hoike'ōhumu mai, a' Imi komo i loko o destabilization o ke kahua ma ka aina.

Ke dictatorship o Daud

E like me ka mōʻaukala o Afghanistan, 20th kenekulia (ma waena o ka makahiki 1933 a me ka 1973) ua no ka mea oiaio gula o ka moku'āina, e like me ka aina iʻikeʻia hana, alanui maikai, Hōʻano hou i ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni e, ua hookumuia oia University, kukulu Ho 'Oponopono, a no laila, ma luna, naʻe, i loko o ka 40th ka makahiki ma hope o i kona ka piʻiʻana ma ka noho aliʻi, Zahir Shah ua hoʻokahuliʻia kona hoahānau, - Prince Mohammed Daoud, hai mai Afghanistan he repubalika. Ma hope o ia, i ka'āina i lilo i Arena o confrontation ma waena o nāʻaoʻao i hoikeia i ka pono o ka Pashtuns, Uzbeks, Tajiks a me Hazaras, a me nā lāhui i nā kaiāulu. Eia hou, i ka confrontation lawe'ano'ē Islamic koa. I ka 1975, ka mea, ku ae la ma ka kipi e ale iho i Paktia'āina a pau, a me Badakhshan Nangarhar. Naʻe, i ke aupuni o ka dictator Daud me ka pilikia, akā, e hoʻokele i ka uhi.

I ka Ia manawa, imi ae la e destabilize i ke kulana, a me ka poeikohoia o ka People ka kemokalaka Party aupuni (PDPA). Eia naʻe, nui kākoʻo ma Afghanistan Sun iholaʻo ia i

MOKUNA

Mōʻaukala o Afghanistan (20th kenekulia) Ua hoano e kekahi popoiwi wahi i loko o ka makahiki 1978. April 27 ua he kipi. Ma hope iho e hele mai ana i ka mana, Nur Mohammad Taraki Mohammed Daoud a me na lala a pau o kona 'ohana i pepehi. Papa kiʻekiʻe'ōnaehana kulana he Hafizullah Amin a me Babrak Karmal.

Ka Ike komo Afghanistan i kaupalena contingent o Soviet hao wale

Ke kulekele o ka hou Aupuni, e hoʻopau i ka backlog o ka aina ua halawai mai ka ia'ku o Islamists, i culminated i loko o ke kaua kūloko. Hikiʻole ke Makuakane me ke kulana, ka Afghan aupuni ua pinepine hoopii i ka Soviet Politburo me ke noi e hoʻolako koa kōkua. Naʻe, ka mea Soviet Aupuni kaohi aku, e like me ka mua mai io hopena o ia no i koe. I ka Ia manawa, hehi ka mea, i mālama 'ia hoʻi i loko o ka Afghan palena wahi, a hoonuiia i ka helu o ke koa kuhikuhipuʻuone a ma ka kela mau. I ka Ia manawa mau hiki i ka KGB akamai i ka US 'Imi Waiwai, na koa Anati-aupuni.

Ka pepehi kanaka o Taraki

Mōʻaukala o Afghanistan (20th kenekulia) kekahi mau 'ike e pili ana i kekahi mau hana kālai'āina pepehi kanaka e hopu mana. One ia hanana i wahi ma September 1979, ka wā ma ka mea o Hafizullah Amin i hopuia, a hooko aku la i ka luna o ka PDPA, Taraki. Ma lalo o ka hou dictator o ka aina huli i ka weliweli i hoopa mai, a me ka poe koa, a ua lilo i commonplace kipi a me ka mahuka. Mai ka VC ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kākoʻo mai o ka PDPA, ka Soviet ke aupuni i ike ai ma keia kulana o ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i kona hoohioloia mai a me ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka poe koaʻenemi i ka USSR. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i aoia ia Amin mea huna hui 'ana me ka' Amelika'apuhiʻana.

E like me ka hopena, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoʻomohala i ka hana i kona hoohioloia mai a me ka hope o ka alihi kaua, nui kupaʻa i ka Soviet Union. I ka papa kuhikuhiE moho no kēia kūlana lilo Babrak Karmal.

Mōʻaukala o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan (1979-1989): aʻo

Hoomakaukau no ka coup ma ka kela mau hoomaka ma December 1979, ka wā i ka pelaʻano "Muslim battalion" i ua kauohaʻia ia Afghanistan. I ka moolelo o keia papa no ka ai loa no na mea he nui e waiho ana no he mea pohihihi. Mākou wale ike ana ia i ke koʻokoʻo ma ka GRU o ka Central hawaiian republics, a i loa-ikeia moolelo o na kanaka e noho ana i loko o Afghanistan, kā lākou'ōlelo a me kaʻaoʻao o ke ola.

I ka olelo hooholo, e hele io lākou lā ia i loko o ka hapalua like-December 1979 ma ka halawai o ka Politburo. He Ua,ʻaʻole wale nō kākoʻo Kosygin, no ka mea, o ka mea ia ia he kue nui me Brezhnev.

Ka hana hoomaka ma December 25, 1979, i ka wa a ka oa ?? eoi? O ke aupuni Repubalika o Afghanistan i 781-ko kaawale manao battalion 108 MSD. A laila, hele mai la ka hoolilo a me ka 'ē aʻe Soviet koa naehana. Ma ka hapalua like-lā ka mea, e pau loa ia i kekahi lāʻau 'Kabul ma December 27 i loko o ke ahiahi, hoomaka ae la e ka ino i ka hale alii o Amin. He mau ae la ia 40 wale nō minuke, a lilo iho la ia iʻikeʻia ma hope o ka pau 'ana o ka hapanui o ka poe e noho ana ma laila, i ka'āina o ka luna me, i make.

A manawa pōkole chronology o nā hanana i loko o ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1980 a hiki i 1989

Real moʻolelo e pili ana i ke kaua ma Afghanistan - i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka heroism o nā koa a me na ilamuku, ka mea e ole mau maopopo, no ka mea a me ka mea i pio, e aa aku i ko lakou mau ola. Pōkole chronology Ua like penei:

• March 1980 - April 1985. I ka hana o nā hostilities, me ka nui-me ka unahiʻole, e like me ka pono me ka hana ma luna o ka reorganization o ka puali koa o ka MOKUNA.
• April 1985 - January 1987. Kākoʻo no ka Afghan Air Max mokulele poʻe hao wale, demining huahelu a me ka mea kaua, e like me kaʻeleu kaua, e hooki aku i ke kokuaia mai e na mea, mai kahi'ē.
• January 1987 - Pepeluali 1989. Komo i loko o hanana no ke kulekele o ke aupuni e hoolaulea aku ai.

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka 1988 ua lilo i mea akaka i ka alo o ka puali Soviet poʻe hao wale ma luna o ka mokuna o ka MOKUNA mea ole. Mākou ke kuhi ana o ka mōʻaukala o ka withdrawal mai Afghanistan hoomaka Pepeluali 8, 1988, ka wā ma ka halawai o ka Kalaiaina Buro i hoala i ka ninau o ke koho ana o ka lā no ka hana.

Ka mea, ua May 15th. Naʻe, i ka hope o ka mokuna i haalele ai ia Kabul CA February 4, 1989, a pau me ka withdrawal o poʻe hao wale e holo i ka moku'āina palena ma 15 February, Lutanela-General Boris Gromov.

I na 90s

Afghanistan, o ka wā e hiki maiʻano vague i loko o ka hopeʻumi makahiki o ka 20th kenekulia mōʻaukala a me ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka maluhia kūpono' ana, ua komo 'o loko o ka luahohonu o ka brutal kivila kaua.

I ka pau ana o Feberuari 1989 ma Peshawar Afghan kū'ē i koho i ke poo o ka "Transitional Aupuni o Mujahideen" alihi kaua "kuikahi oʻEhiku" C Mojaddedi, a hoʻomaka e kaua ana i ka Soviet-makani hoʻi? Eia.

I 'Apelila 1992, i ke kue koa hoopio Kabul, a me ka ia la ae, i kona poo i loko o ke alo o na diplomats i kukala aku ai i Peresidena o ka Islamic State o Afghanistan. Ke aupuni o ka moolelo ma hope o "inauguration" i ka ho'āʻo 'ana e ma radicalism. Kekahi o na olelo kupaa mua i kakauinoaia e S. Mojaddedi, hai like Yard a pau me nā kānāwai a pau e kue ana i Hoʻomana Mohameka.

I ka hookahi makahiki, ua haawiia no ka mana i ka Hoʻohui 'ia o Burhanuddin Rabbani. Keia olelo hooholo ua kena ae la o ka lāhui i hakaka ma i warlords luku kekahi i kekahi. Soon mana Rabbani hoʻonāwaliwali i ka poe he nui i kona aupuni, ua oki ae la, e lawe mai i kekahi ha awina ma ka aina.

I ka pau ana o Sepatemaba 1996, i ka Taliban hoopio Kabul, hopu i ka hana hewa Peresidena Najibullah a me kona kaikaina, ka poe i pee ana ma ka hale o ka un mikiona, a me na kanaka hana, a kau ma kekahi o na mau mea o ka Afghan kulanakauhale alii.

Ua kukala ia ka Islamic Emirate o Afghanistan i kekahi mau lā, a haʻi maila i ka hanaia'na o ka Kuikawa rula ana ahalunakanawai, he 6 mau lala, alakaʻiʻia Mullah o Omara he. Ma hope iho e hele mai ana i ka mana, "ka Taliban" a hiki i kekahi mau loa stabilized i ke kahua i loko o ke aupuni. Naʻe, ka mea, i ka puu o ka hoa paio.

Okatoba 9, 1996 i ka halawai ana o kekahi o ka mea nui kū'ē - Dostum - Rabbani, a puni ke kulanakauhale o Mazar-i-Sharif. Ka mea, Ua hui e Ahmad Shah Massoud a me Karim Khalili. Ka hopena i hoʻokumuʻia e ka Aha Kuka Malu a me ka huiʻana no ka pono paio e ku ei ka "Taliban". Ka Hoʻohui 'ia ua kapaia "Northern kuikahi". Ua kauoha aku e hookupaa i loko o ka akau o Afghanistan ka kuokoa iloko o 1996-2001 ,. moku'āina.

Ma hope iho o ke kaua o ka lahui koa

I ka moolelo o kēia Afghanistan i ola ae la ia ma hope o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli kaulana kaua September 11, 2001. KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia hoʻohana mea like me ka pretext no ke kaua o ka aina ma ka hai kona papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka hookahuli ana o ka Taliban? Eia harboring Osama pahu ukana e lawe ana. October 7 Afghan ?? eoi? Ua malalo i ka papakaukau ea pepehi iho at ia e hoonawaliwali i ka Taliban koa. Ma December,ʻo ia i mālama 'o ka' Aha o ka poe lunakahiko o ka Afghan ohana, alai ae ma ka wā e hiki mai (mai 2004) Pelekikena Hamid Karzai.

I ka Ia manawa, NATO ua pau ka hana o Afghanistan, a ua hoʻoneʻe i nā Taliban i ka guerrilla kaua. No laila, a hiki i kēia lā, mai pau poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale i loko o ka aina. Eia hou, ka mea, i kēlā lā i loko o kona huli ana i ka nui māla no ka ulu opiuma Lanai. Lawa ia i ka olelo ana, e like me ka makeʻe kulana koho, ma kahi o 1 miliona kanaka ma keia aina, he lāʻau e kaukaʻi.

I ka Ia manawa, i ike ole mōʻaukala o Afghanistan, a hooku iho la ia me ka retouching, he o ka poʻeʻEulopa paha Americans kŰia, me ke komo pu ana no na hihia o ka aggression hōʻikeʻia e NATO koa e ku e civilians. Paha keia mea ku pono i ka mea e nani hanau mai la ia i ke kaua i nā mea a pau mamua. E hooiaio ai no kēia mau hua'ōlelo mea, a me Baraka Obamy olelo hooholo, e hookaawale ia kaua. Naʻe, ka mea, i ole keia manawa, ua hoʻokō, a e manao manawa Afghans i ka hou US pelekikena e ole hoʻololi i na mea kuka, a me ka hope haʻalele i ke koa haole.

Ano, e ike i ka mōʻaukala kahiko a me kāu mau o Afghanistan. I kēia lā, kēia aupuni e hele ana ma paakiki manawa, a ua hiki wale manaolana i kona aina ua hope e hiki mai honua.