Ke Afghan aupuni, ka manaʻo politika a me ka 'aoʻao alakaʻi Hafizullah Amin: Kawaihae, nā hiʻona hana a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Hafizullah Amin - kekahi o ka loa controversial huahelu i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Afghanistan. He nui ka poe e manaoio ia mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE culprit o ke kaula o ke kaua ma ka aina, a hoomaka ae la i ka 1979, a mau a hiki i kēia lā, oiai kekahi poe manao ana ia mea - he luahi o ka hana malu a. No laila, ka mea i Hafizullah Amin? Kawaihae no ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina o Afghanistan, a, e ia i ke kumuhana o ko mākou mahele.

Birth a me i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Hafizullah Amin Ua hānauʻia maʻAukake 1929 i loko o ka'āina Paghman, kokoke Kabul, Afghanistan, i loko o ke aupuni. Kona makua kāne i ka luna o kekahi o ka aina o ka halepaahao. He Ua iho mai o kaʻohana a ka Pashtun-Ghilzais ano o Haruta.

Ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, Hafizullah Amin lākou i heluʻia i loko o ke kumu aʻo kulanui. Ma hope o pau i ke aʻo ma laila,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i hooki. Amin ana puka 'o ia mai Kabul University, a loaa kona kēkelē ka loa i loko o ke kālaikūlohea.

Alaila, hoomaka ae la oia e ao aku i loko o ke kapikala o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ma ka? Oaony hoʻoneʻe i ka 'oihana hulili. Amin kŘpa koke hele i ke ala mai o ka poe noonoo ole a hiki i ka luna hoʻokele o ke kumu.

I mea e hoomahuahua lākou kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki paha, Amin hoomau i kona mau haʻawina i loko o ka United States, Columbia. He hele aku ma laila i loko o ka kakahiaka me kanakolu.

Ka mea mua a me ke kapuai ma kālai'āina

Oiai këia ma ke kulanui, Hafizullah Amin hōʻike heʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ike, alakaʻiʻia e ka Afghan fraternity, e like me ka mea mua manawa ike me Marxist nā manaʻo. A iki ma hope oia i lilo i lâlâ o "ka laau o ka mea e holumua ai Socialist." Oiai, e like me kekahi Soviet hoʻomalu, kaʻoi loa i ka manawa āna i pūʻali koa i mea e ka CIA.

I ka 1965, loaa ka papahelu o ka haku, a hoi aku la i Afghanistan, Hafizullah Amin helu kuhi puke i ka 'Imi komo ma lehulehu hana. He aʻo ma ke Kulanui o Kabul. ʻOiai ka mea loaa i ka inoa maikaʻi like me ka Pashtun nationalist, i ka 1966, Amin lilo i lâlâ o ka Marxist'ēheu ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka alihi kaua o Nur Muhammad Taraki - People ka kemokalaka Party o Afghanistan, hoʻokumu i ka makahiki mua.

I ka makahiki 1967, i ka aoao maoli Wāwahi i loko o nāʻaoʻao - "Khalq", nona ka luna ua Taraki a "Parcham", alai ae e Babrak Karmal. He mokuahana "Khalq" Ua nānā 'ʻano nui ma luna o ka lāhui i Pashtun e noho ana o na kauhale, i ka papa kuhikuhiE constituency "Parcham" ua he nunui-lāhui hoʻokiwikā heluna. Eia hou kekahi, proponents o "Khalq" ka oko ao oi'ano'ē wale. Ia mea i loko o kēia mahele, a loaʻa Amin. Eia naʻe, ua i ka makahiki 1968, ma ka halawai o ka he mokuahana "Khalq", Ua hoʻihoʻi mana kona kūlana i ke kūlana o ka moho no wale nô o ka PDPA. Kauoha aku, keia anu u mea AND nationalist wale kākoʻoʻia e Amin.

Akā, ua i ka makahiki 1969, Amin, a me kekahi mau lālā 'ē aʻe o ka PDPA, i loko o ka hale kanawai ke koho' ana. A, oia ua i ka hooponopono Luna o nāʻaoʻaoʻelua,, i i aka hoi koho ai i ka hale malalo o ka hale kanawai.

Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hanana

Ma July 1973, he hanana i hemo aku i keʻano papa hana o ka'ano'ē loli 'ana ma o ka aina, ninini aku la i loko o ka hopena i ka protracted kivila kaua. Just laila ua i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ka noho ana me ke kipaʻana iā Italy o King Mohammed Zahir Shah, ka mea i alii iho la oia mai ka makahiki 1933, i kona kaikuahine, a mua Kuhina Nui Kuhina o Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud, o ke kahua i kekahi koa coup. Daoud hoopau ia ke aupuni mō'ī a me ka maoli i hoʻokumu i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino dictatorship, naʻe formally i ka oihana i pelekikena. Alakai kākoʻo i ka PDPA coup. Nele ka laula kākoʻo i waena o nā nā paʻi hua o ka lehulehu, i puʻe wale Dowd eʻimi i kākoʻo mai o ka'ōhui. I ka pau,ʻo ia i mau hoaaloha me ka "Parcham"'ēheu.

Akā koke i ka pilina ma waena o Dawud a me ka PDPA razladilis like pelekikena banned nā 'aoʻao pili aupuni ole i kona iho - ka Party o NationalʻOiʻenehana. Ia manawa, i ka makahiki 1977, ma lalo o ka 'uao' ana o ka Soviet Union i nā'ēheuʻelua o ka PDPA i hui pu i loko o ka hookahi aoao hou, eia nae ua ole loa, ua eliminated ka fractional kaawale ana. Ke Kakauolelo-Nui i koho Taraki a Amin hele aku la i ke Komite Central o ka Party. A laila, ka mea i hooholoia, e hoomakaukau i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o Peresidena Daoud.

I 'Apelila 1978 SaurʻOiʻenehana i wahi, i kūpono ma Mohammed Daoud i hoʻokahuli, a hana koke ia, a me nā alakaʻi o ke aupuni a me ke kākoʻo mai o ke koa hoopio i ka aoao PDPA. Kauoha aku, o ka aina i Kapa hou i ke aupuni Repubalika o Afghanistan. Ke poo o ka noho ana i Taraki, i ninoaaeyao i ka lani kiekie loa nā kūlana hana - lunahoomalu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Aha a me Kuhina Nui Kuhina o ke aupuni. Hope lunahoomalu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Council lilo kekahi lala o ka he mokuahana "Parcham" - Babrak Karmal. Amin loaa i ke kia o ka Hope Kuhina Nui Kuhina a me ke Kuhina o ko na Aina e. Ma March 1979, Taraki, koe poʻo o ka moku'āina like lunahoomalu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni 'Aha, haʻalele Kuhina Nui Kuhina a? Aaeaao ia Hafizullah Amin.

E ku ae oe i ka mana

Akā koke i ka wā i na revolutionaries i hele mai i ka mana, hoomaka ae la o onei e ala mai ma waena o kekahi pūʻulu o ia. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la ka repression e kū'ē i ke kue, a ku e ia mau pūʻulu loko o ka aoao nana i ole kaʻana i ka mau laina. Ma 'ana, i ka "Parcham" he mokuahana lala hardest ku. Akā, i loko o ka he mokuahana "Khalq" i na mea a pau i hele aku smoothly. Ka mua wawahi mai pilikino ka inaina ma waena o Taraki a me Amin, i i ke kua i ka pilikino 'iʻini o ka mea hope. Ma ka hopena, ma hope o ka shootout ma waena o nā pūʻali koa o nā loea kālai'āina ma September 1979, Amin, like o Iulai o ka ia makahiki, i ka hoomalu ana i lawelawe ai, kauoha i ke koa, e lawe ke kāohi o nā kī aupuni nā mea hoʻonoho.

Ma ka halawai plenum o ka Party Tarakiʻo ia i kauoha ia me ho'āʻo pepehi kanaka o Amina, ka usurpation o ka mana a me ka paa ana o ka cult o ke kanaka. Ma hope o kona hoahewa ia, o ka mua poo o Afghanistan i umi wale ia ma luna o nā kauoha o Amin. Mai na kanaka i mua nō i hūnā i nā mea i hele ma, i ka i ana i ka make Taraki o ka maʻi.

Ma hope o hoʻopau o Taraki, mai September 16, 1979, Amin lilo General Kakauolelo o ka PDPA, a me ka lunahoomalu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni 'Aha, i ka mea ia manawa, e like me ma mua, e waiho ana no ka Kuhina Nui lawelawe a me ka mea e malu ai e lawelawe.

make

Once ma ka mana, Amin hoʻonāwaliwali i wale i ka repression, akā, i hooikaika mai ia lakou, no ka oi o ka mua alakaʻi o ke aupuni. Ma keia ala ku e ia i ole wale na lala o ka "Parcham" he mokuahana, akā, i nui kona mau lala o ka'ēheu "Khalq". Kaʻimiʻana i ka mea i losing hooponopono levers, o Amin mua i manaoia i ka manaʻo o ka lawe ana mai i ka Soviet Union pūʻali kaua e stabilize i ke kahua i loko o ke aupuni.

Akā, i ka Soviet aupuni manao e kākoʻo i Amina, no ka mea, ke manaʻo nei au ka mea unreliable, a me ka luna o ka he mokuahana "Parcham" Babrak Karmal, ka mea i he KGB hope paha. E like me ka hopena o ka hana ana i mālama 'ia e ka maluhia koa o ka USSR, December 27, 1979 Hafizullah Amin i kāohi luku i loko o kona mau hale aliʻi

ohana

Hafizullah Amin i ka wahine, i ke keiki kāne, a he kaikamahine. He aha hanaia me ka Afghan alakaʻi o ka 'ohana, ma hope iho o kona pepehi ana Hafizullah Amin? Children i ka hoʻopio o ka pā kaua kekahi e noho ana me kona makua kāne. E ke keiki i make, a hana eha aku la kekahi o kana mau kaikamahine. Ma ka hopena o na koena o ke kaʻa 'ohana Amin ua i ikeia.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Koke ma hope o ka make ana o ka alihi kaua o ko Afghanistan ka i lohe nui na mea i manaoio i Hafizullah Amin - he mea kumakaia, i pūʻali koa i mea e ka CIA. I mea, e loaʻa i pololei hoike o ka loulou me US manao keʻena ma lalo nei Amin.

I loko nō o ka pono ma ka manaoio ia Soviet poʻe hao wale komo Afghanistan? Aaei Karmal, ma ka mea i kēia Initiative o i e Amin ia iho.

ke kanaka me ka auhau

Ua aʻo mākou i ka hōʻike o ke ola ana āna i noho Hafizullah Amin. Kawaihae Afghan peresidena hōʻike i ka mea, ua makemake loa kekahi henua kanaka. Ma kona ano patriotism hui me ka careerism, makemake e hookupaa i ka nohona kaulike i loko o ke aupuni hui me ka repressive ano o nā kālai'āina i kue i Amin ka lehulehu a me ka mau hoalawehana.

Eia naʻe Amin hoopii ma ke alu like 'ana me CIA' ole 'ē aʻe haole kūikawā lawelawe ka mea,ʻaʻole a ianoiyuaa a haawi.