Ka coup - He aha ka keia?

Ke coup hoomaka ma luna o ka wela Lāpule auwina la. About elima hora o ka auwina la August 18, 1991 a hiki i ka puka pā o ke aupuni dacha ma Foros ma ka Black Sea mokuna o Crimea, kahi vacationing pelekikena o ka Union o Soviet Socialist Republics, Mikhail Gorbachev hiki elimaʻeleʻele "Volga". No ka mea, i ole makemake, a ma mua o nā kiai i i wehe i ka puka, a wehe i ke kaula e moe ana ma ke alanui me ka spike in.

Mea "Dawn"

A laila, mai ke kaʻa mua ia i haʻalele General Yuri Plekhanov, ke poo o ka iwa o ka Keʻena Luna o ka KGB. He ua kuleana no ka mālama hana o ka KGB, a ua i ka luna kiaʻi Gorbachev. Ma ka Ia manawa ka uliuli metala puka, hoʻonaniʻia me ka nuiʻulaʻula hoku, wehe. Over ka pili mau minuke o kaa i ka serpentine alanui ma ka lāʻau a hiki i ka pōhaku puna hale, me ka kuhi-inoa "mea" Dawn kaʻa "."

Gorbachev, e like me ia i hope hai aku la ia e noiʻi, i ole kakali malihini - elima kula kiʻekiʻe 'luna o ka KGB, o ka poe koa, a me ka ili luna o ka Communist Party, e like me kā lākou mau pūʻali koa. He hapai i ke kelepona, e kahea aku i ke poo o ka KGB, Vladimir Kryuchkov. Akā, i ka laina iʻokiʻia. A laila,ʻo ia kii i kona uku panai 'lii General Vladimir Medvedev, ka poe i olelo mai la oia i ike i ka "Khrushchev" koho koke. Mua Soviet alakaʻi Nikita Khrushchev i ka 1964, i ousted i loko o ka coup i kona hoomaha ma ka Black Sea.

E hoomaka ana i ka hopena

Over ka ia 73 hola, elua kula kiʻekiʻe 'Soviet luna aupuni o kaua no ka mea pono e hana mōʻaukala. Ke'aheʻelele, i hiki mai ma Foros, i hoouna Kryuchkov e hoomaopopo Gorbachev a hiki i kaʻaoʻao o ka ewalu aoao luna a me ke 'ano laulā, hoʻokumu i ka State pilikia Komite (pilikia Komite), kona mau lala a pau, e lawe no? Aiaiiuie mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka Soviet Union. Ke coup Ua lawe mai, no ka mea, nā lā ma hope, August 20, ka Peresidena, ua, e kakau i ka hou kuikahi o ke kuikahi, a huli i ka Soviet Union i loko o ka confederation. He nui makau i keia, e alakai i ka'opi o ka aina ka ōlaʻi i o kuokoa Hawaii. Ke AIM o ka coup ua e hoomaopopo mai ia Gorbachev, e hai aku i ka moku'āina o ka pilikia a me ka hailonaʻana i ka hōʻailona o ka aelike.

Coup Ua loaʻa ka mea ku pono ia. E pili ana i ka coup ole wale hoʻoikaika i ka Soviet Union, ka mea, ua hoomakaukau Borisu Eltsinu, ka lānai hou i koho Peresidena o ka RSFSR, kona palena mana. Communist Hawk i'ākeʻakeʻa mai e holo mai ana i ka aina. Ke ho'āʻo nei e hoola i ka Soviet Union, i nā luna o ka coup eia hana i ka pahu ma kona naau. ʻEhā mau mahina ma hope, i ka Soviet Union oki i nei.

Akā, i hanaʻia i loko mau mea ekolu, pili lā i loko o August, a hiki i keia la, noho unclear. I loko nō makahiki o Ka Ikepili: 140 puke o nā palapala, hoʻokolokolo 'ana i ekolu, eiwa moku a me nā ōlaʻi i ka paʻiʻia pilikino kauoha - ka piha moʻolelo o ka coup hoʻomanaʻo mai Hamau mai.

Nā kumu o ka coup

Conspiracies kokoke ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana, hiki ole ke hoomaopopo. Akā, he nui loa, e like Watergate, e ho'ōla i ka nohoaliʻi. Makemake poʻeʻelemākule kipi hai i ko lakou mau hewa, ma ka puka o ka malu palapala, a me ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka hou kālai'āina eia, yeieiae? I aʻo mai i kaʻoiaʻiʻo ua lilo ke hele mai.

No kekahi, ke ole o ka coup - o ka lanakila o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu ma luna o nā koa o naoh, na kanaka o ka Politburo. Kēia mea he ki Episode o ka pilikia i loko o ka makahiki 1991, i like me ka 1789 a me ka 1917, i ka manawa o ka hoʻololi mai totalitarian rula a hiki i ka lokomaikaʻi, aupuni a ka lehulehu. Pilikia Komite - he hookui hookahe koko ana o nā 'oihana, kekahi o i eo. Like Yeltsin aku la mahope, e makau oukou ia i pau ai kenekulia, a me ka'ē aʻe, hoomaka ae la. I ka hōʻailona o ka laila puu hua palaoa lilo i Hawaii photo no ia - e ku ana ma lalo o ka pu ma ka pahu koho alakaʻi o ke aupuni.

Na wale pilikia me keia naauao o ka coup mea ia ia mea,ʻaʻole pahuhopu nei me nā kūʻiʻo. Ka hou delve i loko o kēia mau lāʻekolu, i ka emi maopopo ia lilo. Nui, kuleana minute, he mea uuku, e hana me ka aupuni a ka lehulehu. He aha maoli pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kumu nui, o ka mea hiki i hoaxes, alakai hewa a manipulated. Ua ua he Competition mau mea e kukaʻi, a ua lanakila i ka maikaʻi loa.

Ma ka mana me halftones i oi aku ua nane lā ma mua o ke kūlana o nā huapalapala, Gorbachev a me Yeltsin. I ka la mahope, no ka laʻana, ua mysteriously lohe e pili ana i ke kūkā 'putsch. E like me hookupaa iho la ia ia e hoike lehulehu o ka hana keaka confrontation ma Yeltsin ka ikaika Moscow,, piʻi au i ka pahu o ka poe koa i ka ikaika ma ka pono i ole kekahi e ole e pana aku i ka pale aku.

Peresidena o ka USSR i ike e pili ana i na mea a pau

ina Gorbachev ua ma ka oiaio, oia mau Hoopaa loa, ma lalo o ka hale hopu ma Foros? A, e like me ka helu ana o i komo i loko o nā hanana, kona hoʻokaʻawale Ua pâʻani 'o ia ia, e kali a ike i nā hualoaʻa ma mua ka mea, e hoahewa i ka coup ma August 21? E like me ia Vasily Starodubtsev, Gorbachev e pono e hele mai hoʻi, a lawe aku la i kona wahi.

I keia la, ka pelekikena ma mua ua koʻi kaua me ka poe i wawahi iho, a me ka communism hoʻi haʻalele i ka hihiu, ka wā ua ka inevitable no o ka ole o ka coup he reformer - ka'opi o ka Soviet Union 26 December 1991. Akā, i loko o ke kauwela o ka makahiki hookahi, me kona mau papa kuhikuhiE kālai'āina mau hoa ole i ka mea kahiko makeʻe kulana aoao, i mea e paʻa ana i ka ho'āʻo e noho i loko o ka mana. Mai June, ia ua lilo ia i ka pilikia, Yeltsin Ua koho keia mahina, i ka hou Peresidena o ka RSFSR. Hele mai la ia i ka mana a me 57% o ka koho ana, a i ka charisma o ka oiaio, popularly koho reformer. Me ka hoʻokokokeʻana lā o ka hōʻailona o Gorbachev no ka hou hui ana Kuikahi ua oluolu e maopopo: ina ka Soviet Union Huila Wai 'Aʻohe, e like me ka wānana ma ka Conservatives, ka mea, o kona mana poo, e noho mai o ka hana. Ināʻo ia i nānā i ka mea e hooki aku i ka papa o ka hanana, ka pilikia Komite kahua hang nei ma la ia manawa.

E like me ka Starodubtseva kipi, coup plotters he Gorbachev mau lima, i ike a pau e pili ana ia. I ka makahiki 1991 ua Starodubtsev i ka luna o ka 40 millionth o ke kauä Union. Ma hope o kekahi manawa hoolilo ia i loko o ka halepaahao ma hope o ka coup,ʻo ia i koho kia'āina o ka waiwai mahiʻai aina o Tula, ua he lâlâ 'o ka hale kanawai, mai ka Communist Party, a make iho la ia o ka naau hoouka i ka 2011

Putsch paha he farce?

Starodubtsev minamina ua i ia o ka pilikia Komite i ka hailona o ka hewa, mai e hoʻohana i ka Media, e paipai kanaka e kākoʻo i ka coup. Old poʻe kipi i loko o ka pilikia ka putsch vinyl poe kipi a me CIA, akā, no na mea he nui, o ka nele o ka professionalism i loko o ka coup koe kekahi o ka loa pohihihi aoao o ka ulia pōpilikia Komite. Ke kiʻi o ia mau lā portrays i kauoha i kekahi, hoopaakiki iho la, i ka hoao ana fanatics a me kaʻino i hoomakaukauia ka idealists, lele ae la oʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kona poo.

Ole i ka mea, i ole i ka hoao ana i loko o coups a me ka hi haunaele. I ka mea, Eia naʻe, ka mea, ua paha mamua o ke koena i loko o keia manao, ua palapala hope i loko o kona moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho kuhina nona Gorbachev, General Medvedev. Leon Trotsky, he hoa paio pili aupuni o Stalin, i ka 1940, i pepehi ana i loko o ka 'ē aʻe hemisphere. He aha Hāʻule maila lākou i ka hopu Yeltsin, ka mea i ma ka lima?

Ninaninau 'ana i hoʻomaka me ka hālāwai mua ma waena o Gorbachev a me unexpected'aheʻelele, a hiki ma ka a no ka maluhiluhi August lā. E like me ka oihana mana, ka pelekikena initially ka weliweli, akā, hoomaopopoia ia ia i hopu ole, lilo belligerent, a hoole, e halawai me ke koi. E like me ia Gorbachev, kapa aku la ia poe kipi a me ka poe kipi, adventurers, ka mea e uku no ka mea āna i hana ai.

Family a me nā hoa Gorbachev mau Hoopaa loa i kona unwavering kū'ē i ka coup hana i kona hoʻokomo 'ma lalo o ka hale hopu, i ka mea ana i makau ai no kona ola. Ma hope iho o nā lālā o ka pilikia Komite lele i Moscow e hopu mana, Gorbachev a me kana wahine Raisa, ka mea i make i ka makahiki 1999, ua haʻalele ma lalo kiai ma Foros. Ike mai la oia ma hope hoike Leonid Proshkina, papa kiʻekiʻe e noiʻi ana i ka General Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi ka Office, e noiʻi ana i ka coup, ninau mai la kela ia ina ua loaa ka laua nīnūnē hahau. He hoopaa i ka hui i laila, i loko o ka pilikia kulana, a ua hāʻawiʻia mai ka hailona no ka mea, no ka makau o kaʻapu kōheoheo.

Ka maʻi Ua lilo i mea no ka mea hope ahakanaka hālāwai kūkā i ka ia la ae, i ka wa, ma lalo o nā maka o ko ke ao nei Hope Gorbacheva Yanaev, oia no ka palena iki alakaʻi o ka poʻe kipi, hai mai la i kuhi hooko o dute o ka pelekikena. I mai la kela, hiki ole e lanakila i ka ikaika loa tremor i loko o kona mau lima, a ma kona leo, i Mikhail Gorbachev ka manawa i hoomaha, undergoing lapaau ma ka hema a me ka mea manao nei e like me ka hikiwawe me Gorbachev Kahalaopuna maikaʻi, a laila, lawe hou oihana.

Other hoike o ke anaina ma Foros haawi aku i ka oi piha kiʻi. E like me ia Valery Boldin, Gorbachev ka mua koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoponopono, a me kekahi poe kipi, ka mea i make i loko o ka makahiki 2006, ka Soviet alihi kaua ua ukiuki, akā,ʻo ua ai me ka makaukau ma kekahi kumu kuai, e pakele no Yeltsin. Ma ka hopena, ka pelekikena mai la: "E ka po me oe, hana mea e makemake," a laila, hāʻawi maila kekahi aʻo ma pehea e hoʻolauna i ka moku'āina o ka pilikia.

A i ka hale hopu o ka pelekikena?

'īpale Gorbachev ma Foros ke hoala mai i ka helu o nā nīnau: ina pahaʻo ia i ho'āʻo ana e pakele ai, e makemake ana i ka ina paha e e hui 'ana me na kanaka, e hoomaopopo aku i kona manawa e kaawale? Ua oki ae la i kona aupuni ka kelepona, akā, i ke kelepona i loko o kona kaʻa nō e hana i like kekahi kelepona i loko o ka hale kiai. I ka mea, he mea hōʻike ia, ua kapaʻia Gorbachev i kona hale hopu, a me Peresidena Nursultan Nazarbayev, ka he Peresidena o aneea oneiaey, oia no ka alihi kaua o ka Communist Party o ke aupuni i ka makahiki 1991, a, e like me Alexander Hinstein, parliamentarian a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Arkady Volsky, kekahi o kona mau kuhikuhipuʻuone. I kamailio, Gorbachev ua kūkākūkāʻia i mea ole maoli maʻi.

32 poe kiai i ka pelekikena - o kekahi kumuhana no ka hoopaapaa ana. None o ia i ua hopuia ma hope o ka coup, a me ka noiʻi Proshkin ike ia ka mea, he poe aole no, aole hoi e ku ka coup, hoʻowahāwahā i ka make māinoino posed ma kā lākou kūlana mau Plekhanov. Hoike koi i Gorbachev ke haʻalele ināʻo ia i makemake ia, akā,ʻo ia hoole ia. He palapala i ka palapala kauoha me ke koi, e hele i Moscow, akā, i iho la ia, Ua i loaa i kekahi pane. Ekolu makahiki ma hope o ka Koa Collegium o ka Aha Kiekie i manao ai, Gorbachev i ole ma lalo o ka hale hopu, no ka mea, i ole ho'āʻo i ka pakele.

I kona moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho, i ka mālama 'lii General Medvedev a hiki aku la ia no ka lōʻihi like' ole o ka manao hopena o ka hoʻolilo o ka pelekikena ua he Li-134.

Dzhon Danlop, he mea kākau moʻolelo Amelika a me ka akamai ma ka coup d'état i loko o ka makahiki 1991, hoʻopaʻapaʻa ua Gorbachev ka inaction Puzzle Aleksandra Yakovleva, no na makahiki, ka mea i kekahi o ka hoʻopuniʻana allies o ka Soviet alihi kaua. E like me ia ia ia, ka mea, aole ike i ke kumu o ka Peresidena i ole e holo aku, no ka mea, ka mea kiai makemake ole i hiki ho'āʻo e hooki aku.

He olelo lealea ia mākou e loa ike paha Gorbachev ua makau iho la ia i ka hana 'ole hoʻi e kali ana i ka hui i kaʻaoʻao e lanakila ana. Like loa me kona noho ana me ka launa pu, a me ka mea o waho ao nei i loko o Foros, ia ua ia ma ka pololeiʻoihana: ina ka coup nele, aole ia i makemake e he luahi; i ole ia ka mea hiki ke lawe ma luna o ke alakaʻi a Mānoa. Pēlā ka manaʻo i ka pelekikena ae i ka coup, akā, no laila, i ka mea i ole e wehe ia ia ua ho ohana ana, manao Dunlop.

Gorbachev hōʻole i kēia mau 'ōlelo' ia no ka makahiki. Palazhchenko, i kona kaomi kakauolelo, cautions ku e makapo manaoio mai nei coup hoihoi i ka discrediting ka mua alihi kaua. I ka 2006, nae, Gorbachev i ke akea, ua hoopiiia oia Yeltsin o ke komo i loko o ka coup. Ma hope o 15 makahiki o ka lehulehu kākoʻo no wale nō o ka mamuli o-Soviet Peresidena ailing Boris Yeltsin hai Lūkini kīwī ia i ka coup, Gorbachev i lohe e pili ana i nā mea a pau, a e kali ana i ka ike i ka mea e lanakila. Mea a ka neʻeʻana,ʻo ia e hui i ka Winners.

Ma muli o, ke Gorbachev Foundation, he manao pahu i hana ia e kahiko Soviet alakaʻi e kâkoʻo aupuni a ka lehulehu i loko o Rusia, koke ua hoopiiia oia Yeltsin o blackening i ka inoa o ka pelekikena ma mua i loko o ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka mea lealea, lohe mai ko lākou kūlana iho i loko o ka disintegration o ka USSR. Akā, i ka hakakā i pau ai i loko o ka stalemate. Yeltsin make.

Poʻina nalu ma Moscow

Ke koena o ka heluna o ka Soviet Union aʻo o ka coup i loko o ka makahiki 1991 a hiki i ka ia la ae, ma hope o kona hiki ana mai Foros noho mālie. Ma ka Poakahi kakahiaka, i ka lā ma luna o ka kolamu o ka poʻina nalu, a me ka halulu a neʻe loa ma Kutuzovsky Prospekt - ka palahalaha alanui alakai ana i ka waenakonu o Moscow. Ma hope o ka hoʻoleleʻana hana ma 7 am ma ka moku'āina Radio a me ka kīwī hoomaka ae la e hōʻike i kekahi ana "Swan Lake" ma Tchaikovsky Komite.

Me ka pelapela kākoʻo Gorbachev coup i wale koa ikaika, a i ua ona. Ilamuku Dmitry Yazov, i ka hoomalu ana i lawelawe ai, a me ka poʻe kipi, näna au i hoÿouna poʻina nalu, hope hoʻokomo aole ia i hana i ka helu ana i ka wahaheʻe. E like me ia, i ka coup d'etat ua piha improvisation. Aia heʻaʻohe mea kuka. No kekahi manao e hopu Yeltsin a me ka ino o ka "White House" (Aha Council hale). Nā plotters manaolana i na kanaka, e hoomaopopo, a kokua ia lakou. Akā, hoomaka ae la lakou e'āhewa wale i ka mea i ka mea, hoouna mai poʻina nalu i loko o ka waena o Moscow.

Mua o nā mea a pau, i ka poʻe kipi hiki ole hilinai aku ma luna o ka maluhia koa. Pili pono o ka Soviet koa i na'lii poino ma ka moʻo o koko clashes me ka hui maluhia 'ana demonstrators i loko o ka mau makahiki mua. I ka 1989, o ka meaola i hao i ka h ÷ ike i loko o Tbilisi (Georgia), kūpono i ka 20 make. Eia hou, i ka makahiki o ka hanaia'na o ka pilikia Komite - i ka makahiki o ka make ana o 14 civilians i ka hoʻopio o ka KGB kūikawā pa alima e hakakā ka weliweli o ka Lituania hale kanawai a me ka kīwī oaio, na demonstrators hopu. Ma hope o ka hana i kēia mau hewa kuleana no lākou kūkulu 'hewa ia koa luna.

Ua hoʻoneleʻia mai au i ka poe kaua o ka makemake, a hiki i ka KGB e komo i loko o kālai'āina, ka oi aku ma ka waenakonu o Moscow. Lākou i haʻalele i ka puka hamama no Yeltsin, ka mea mua poʻo o ke kulanakauhale Komite o ka Communist Party, ka mea i pani Gorbachev ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1991 me ke alakai reformer o ka Soviet Union, a ho'āʻo e lanakila ma luna o kekahi hapa o ka Soviet kukuluia'na. Frank, a hamama i ka West, Yeltsin hookomo i ka manaolana o ka lokomaikai hoi o ka uʻi Lūkini, ka mea maoli makemake e hana aku ai i ka aina o global hoʻokaʻawale. Kela a me keia Denham kona ikaika ulu.

Yeltsin ike no ia i ka mea, i ka maopopo mua. A mau pule ma mua o ka coup, hele aku la ia Paulo Grachev, ka luna o ke kaʻa kaua, a ninau mai ina ka mea, ke hilinai aku maluna o kona poe kanaka ma ka hihia o ka coup. Yeltsin hoi i ka ikaika hui 'ana me General Evgeniem Shaposhnikovym, ka mea i kuleana no ka air max. Ke alo o ia allies, hoao kuleana.

pohihihi kaʻike

Yeltsin hōʻea ma Moscow ma ke kakahiaka o Augate 19, mai ka aina, i hala aia i loko o ka ulu lāʻau ma ka mahele KGB, i ua e hopu aku ia ia e hoohauhee ana, akā, ole e hana ai. Ma ka pau ana o ka lā, 24 hola ma hope o ka kipa o ka coup e ku e Gorbachev, ia i haʻalele i ka hale o ka Aha Soviet o ka USSR , a piʻi ma luna o ka pahu, ka poe i hele aku i konaʻaoʻao. Haliu ae la ia i ke kanaka mea i hele mai e kukulu i ka barricade ku ei ka coup, i kapaʻiaʻo ia ma luna o nā mea a pau Lūkini, e haawi aku i ka pono pane i ka coup, a, e koi aku i ka hoi hou ana o ka mea maʻamau Kumukanawai kauoha.

Ke Hekikai o Yeltsin ma ka moku'āina kīwī i ka coup ma luna o kona poʻo. Na TV moku, i i haawiia piha ke ku okoa ana, lawe akula ia i na umi o na tausani o ka poʻe Lūkini ka mea i hele mai e mālama pono ana i ka aina, aole ia e hoi hou i ka hala. People a puni ka honua i ka poʻina nalu a me kā lākou mau turrets lele tricolors kemokalaka Rusia.

Mahalo i kona wahi i pili i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka ia 48 hola, Yeltsin ike e pili ana i nā mea a pau hou hana pilikia Komite. Ua i loaʻa mai ekolu makahiki ma hope i ka wa a ka 'Amelika kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Seymour Hersh mai la oia i ka Peresidena Dzhordzh Bush hōʻoki aku i ka National ae mālama' Aha o ka 'Oihana e mālama pono ana i Yeltsin ikeia na manao o ka poe kipi.

Russian Peresidena e pili ana i ka ke kūkā 'hoike i ka maoli-manawa. Yeltsin iho i hoʻokomo 'ia i loko o kekahi mau-lā hoopuni ana i ka White House, US diplomats kipa aku la ia ia. He palapala iho la ia ma kona mau moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho ana ma kekahi wahi, a hiki ana i ka holo i ka US kauoha malu, akā, laila, hoʻoholo,ʻaʻole e hana ai, no ka mea, "kanaka mai i makemake haole, keakea i loko o kā mākou mau mea."

Ma hope o ka hana keaka i loko o ka Poakahi, Augate 19, Poalua ua he pilikia impasse ma Moscow. Protesters kukulu ia barricades, a me ka coup luna kaupaona na ka pilikia o ka piha-me ka unahiʻole koa hana. Akā, i ka wa a po ia la, Yeltsin hoike halawai composure. All kumu hoike ia ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka pilikia Komite e ka ino i ka White House. E like me kona kaomi kakauolelo Pavla Voschanova, nae, o ka pelekikena Lūkini malaila i ka pō i loko o ka hale ilalo, ahaaina ana a me ka noho ona. Ke kekahi mau la o Medvedev, ua ike ia i ka hanaʻino i ole lawe wahi.

hopena

Ma ke kakahiaka o Augate 21 i ka mea wale nō pa alima ia a ka pilikia Komite ke helu. Ua i kekahi pūʻulu o "Alpha", a i kauoha e hoouka aku i ka White House. Akā, hoʻomanaʻo o pehea ka mea, ka honua i loko o Lithuania i ka hoʻomaka o keia makahiki, ua hoʻoholo ihola haunaele makai,ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe i kauoha, a me ka wanaao, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka poe kipi i nalowale. Hoomalu Kuhina Yazov kauoha e haalele i Moscow ka poʻina nalu mai, ia n oaa i ke alanui no ka interchange i ka ia la ae, i ka wa Gorbachev hele mai, e hoohewa aku i akea i ka haku mele 'ana o ka ulia pōpilikia Komite. I ka manawa hope o ka poe kipi i hele i Foros, ua e lele pu i ka kapikala a me ke lawe i ke kūpono wahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala buke.

I kona ka manaʻo pohihihi a me ka unknowable - i loko o ka läÿau, o huikau, a? Aaony - August putsch ua ma na aoao o ka precursor i ke kulekele o ke kia-Communist Rusia. Populist aupuni a ka lehulehu Yeltsin koke haawi ala i ka hana paternalistic moku'āina: mau makahiki ma hope, ia e kii aku poʻina nalu ma luna o ka hale kanawai ia iho, i kona ho'āʻo e hoomalu aku i ka makahiki 1991.

Mai laila, i ke kipi i wahi kūkulu 'ia mai Vladimir Putin i hele mai i ka mana i loko o ka makahiki 1999, "pono" i coincided me ke koa, kai eʻe, e pāʻani leapfrog Putin, a me kona hope, Dmitry Medvedev. Kremlin a me kona dreamy spiers e waiho ana no he mea pohihihi ma ka waena konu o ke Lūkini ola.

Pehea hanana weheia

• 18 August: Gorbachev ua ho'āʻo ana e hoopii i ke poo o ka KGB, Vladimir Kryuchkov no ke kōkua. Akā, Kryuchkov alakaʻi i ka coup.
• August 19, 7 am: Soviet moku'āina Radio a me ka kīwī broadcasts a me ka coup olelo komo o ka poʻina nalu ma Moscow.
• 19 August: Raisa Gorbachev kuleana ia i ka hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o Foros waiho wale aku no i ka nīnūnē hahau.
• August 19, 5 pm: Hope Pelekikena Janaev announces pelekikena maʻi.
• 20 August: hoomaka i ka heluna kanaka e kūkulu barricades ma ke alo o ka White House, ma a Yeltsin ua.
• August 20: Gorbachev kali ana. E like me ke Vasily Starodubtsev poe kipi, ua ike na mea a pau.
• August 21, 3 am: kūikawā huahelu o ka KGB - "Alpha" pūʻulu - kauoha e ka ino i ka White House. Kona hookuli ana i nā hualoaʻa ma ka hoʻohuikau 'o ka'āina.
• August 22: Gorbachev hele mai Foros e hoohewa i ka coup. Ka poe kipi i hopu.
• December 25: na ona o ka coup - Gorbachev haʻalele i pelekikena o ka Soviet Union, a me ka ia la ae, i ka Soviet Union kauoha aku oki e nei.