Ka ee-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad, "Uranus" ana: hele lā, ka mea i komo

Stalingrad lilo i wahi ma laila ua he 'ano'ē loli o ka Great Patriotic Kaua a me World War II. Ua hoomaka me ka holomua Red Army kūpono ', kuhi-inoa "Uranus".

elue

Ke Soviet LIKE-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad hoomaka ma November 1942, akā, e hoomakaukau i ke kumumanao o ke ana ma ke keʻena luna, e kauoha aku a hemo aku ma Kepakemapa. Ma ka haule ana o Kelemānia hele ana a hiki i ka Volga ke kai. No ka na aoao elua, Stalingrad ua nui nā strategically, a me ka hua'ōlelo o ka propaganda. Kēia kūlanakauhale i kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ke poo o ka Soviet moku'āina. Once Stalin alakaʻi i ka hoomalu ana o Tsaritsyn keʻokeʻo ma ke Kanawai ke Kaua. Lilo aku i kēia kūlanakauhale, mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o Soviet ideology, ka mea, ua hiki. Eia hou, ina na ke Kelemānia a i hooponopono o ka lalo ino i o ka Volga River, ina e hiki, e hooki aku i ka lako o ka ai, a me ka wahie 'ē aʻe nui kumuwaiwai mea.

No ka mea, a pau na luna kumu, i? Oaony ka counteroffensive ma Stalingrad me kūikawā. Ke kō maikaʻi kulana home 'ole ma ke alo. Lima no kekahi manawa neʻe i positional kaua. Eia hoi, November 13, 1942 ee-kūpono 'manao, kuhi-inoa "Uranus" i kakauinoaia e Stalin, a i aponoia ma General ke keʻena luna.

Ka mua kuka

Pehea makemake makemake e ike i kekahi ee-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad, ka Soviet alakaʻi? Ma lalo o ka manao, i ke kukulu hema-Western Front ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Nikolai Vatutin i, e hana i papai aku kokoke i ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Serafimovich, noho ia e na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ke kauwela. Kēia hui Ua kauoha e uhaki ai i ka liʻiliʻi 120 kilomika. Kekahi kŰia ua i ke kahua o Stalingrad Front. Ua wae i ka wahi o kona hanana Sarpa Lake. I ka halaʻana 100 kilomika, i ke alo o ka poe koa a pau, e halawai pu me ka South-Western Front kokoke Kalach-Soviet. Penei,ʻo Kelemānia papa, e noho ana i loko o Stalingrad, e haule i loko o nā nā wahi.

Ua Ua? Oaony i ka counteroffensive ma Stalingrad e e kākoʻo 'ia e haumāna hoouka i ke alo o ka Don māhele' āina a me Kachalin Kletskaya. Ma GHQ mākou ho'āʻo e kuhikuhi i ka loa kūlana māhele o kaʻenemi o ka poʻe koa. Ma ka hopena, i ka hana akamai i manao ai, i ka hahau ana o ka Red Army i pili i ka hope a me ka pūhaka o ka loa hakakā-hiki ia oe a me ka pilikia i huiʻia. Ma laila i loaʻa i ka mea, a pau i ka poʻe hewa nui o nā mea a pau i hoomaluia. Mahalo i ka maikai hui, "Uranus" hana i koe i ka mea pohihihi no ka mea kēia kanaka Kelemānia a hiki i ka lā o ka hoʻomaka o kona manaʻo. Kahaha ko oukou naau a me ka ōhumu o ka hana o ka poʻe hao wale Soviet pâʻani 'o ia pono i loko o ko lakou mau lima.

ka hoʻopaʻa 'enemi

E like me? Oaony, ka Soviet counteroffensive ma Stalingrad hoomaka ma 19 Nowemapa. Ua Ua ma mua ma ka ikaika kaua barrage. Ma mua o ka wanaʻao, ua loli dramatically ka malie, a i i ka hoʻoponopono 'ana i na mea kuka o ke kauoha. Anuanu noe i ole ae e hoala mai i ka lewa maunakea, iʻike pono i loa haʻahaʻa. No laila, i ke kākauʻana i kauʻia ma luna o mea kaua e hoʻomākaukau ai.

Mua ma lalo hoouka i ke kolu o ka Lomānia kaua, kona malu i i hookae mai e Soviet poʻe kaua. Ma ka hope o keia ho okumu, he kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ka mea, ho'āʻo e hooki i ka Red Army, akā, holomua. ka enemi e hoʻopuehu ai i pau e ka 1st pahu mau pūʻali ma lalo o ka lima o Vasiliya Butkova a me 26th Panzer mau pūʻali Alekseya Rodina. Kēia mau māhele, lawelawe i ka hana, hoʻomaka e neʻe i ka Kalacha.

I kekahi lā i ke kūpono 'hoomaka māhele o ka Stalingrad Front. I ka lā mua o ka hapa neʻe ma 9 kilomika, ka uhaʻiʻana ma kaʻenemi pale aku ia lakou ma ka hema outskirts o ke kulanakauhale. Ma hope o nā lā o ka kaua i hee ekolu German infantry moku. Red Army ka pomaikai walawala ai, a alakai aku ia Hitler ka hilahila. Ka Wehrmacht hoʻoholo ihola i ka 'olohani e e laumania redeployment o ka poʻe koa. Ma ka hopena, ma hope noonoo mau koho, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia Neʻe i Stalingrad kekahi mau mea e kahiko ai ka mokuāhana, ma mua e hana ana ma o ka North Caucasus. Paulo a hiki i ka lā i ka wa ua ka hope o nā papa hana hana mau, e hoouna hale kiekie. He stubbornly hai hou ia ia i makemake ole haʻalele i ka Volga, a e ole ae kona blockade o ka 6th Army.

21 November 4th a me 26th pahu mau pūʻali ke Komohana Hema Front hiki i ka aina Manoilin. Eia ka mea, i ka unexpectedʻoihana kaʻa, huli ho opa ao a hiki i ka hikina. Ano, i kēia mau'āpana holo pololei ka i Don a me Kalach. Mua o ka Red Army ho'āʻo e kaohi i ka 24th kapa kila Māhele o ke Wehrmacht, akā, i kona hoao ana i alakai aku ai i kekahi mea. I keia manawa, ke kauoha lāʻau kū o ka 6th Army Paulo urgently relocated i ke kauhale o Nizhni Chir, makaʻu ai hopu ma ka hoouka ana o ka Soviet koa.

Hana "Uranus" Ua hookahi hou nō ia i ka heroism o ka Red Army. No ka laʻana, ka holomua poe o ka 26th Panzer mau pūʻali ma ka poʻina nalu a me nā kaa i kela kapa o ka uapo ma ke Don kokoke Kalach. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, uaʻoi aku makaʻuʻole - ka mea, manao i ka mea e hele ana i ka launa 'ana, i hoʻolako pono me pio Soviet lako a pan. Lawe ka lanakila o keia connivance, ke Army Red luku hoʻonānea hoomaluia a me nā mea a pau-a iho, e kali ana no ka hiki mai o ka papa koa. Poe e paa i ke kulana, hoʻowahāwahā lehulehuʻenemi counterattacks. Hope wawahi ma i ka ia 19 pahu Brigade. Mau aoao mau hana pu, e hoʻopaʻa i ka i kela kapa o ka papa kuhikuhiE Soviet koa, wikiwiki no ia i kela kapa o ka Don ma Kalach wahi. No keia mama luna Georgiy Filippov a me Nikolai Filippenko ua deservedly i hookoia i ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union.

November 23 ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i hooponopono o Kalach, kahi pio he 1,500 poʻe hao wale o kaʻenemi kaua. Kēia ke ano o ka mea maoli 'ia o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a haʻalele lākou mau allies ma Stalingrad, a ma waena o ka Volga, a me ka Don. Hana "Uranus" ma luna o kona mauʻanuʻu mua ua holomua. Ano, 330 tausani kanaka i mālama ai i loko o ka Wehrmacht, ua e uhai ma ka Soviet apo hookahi. Ma kēia mau ana, i ka luna o ka 6th Panzer Army Paulo noi Hitler ae e hemo mai ma ma ka hema-hikina. Ka Fuehrer hoole. Kahi Wehrmacht koa hoʻonoho kokoke Stalingrad, akā,ʻaʻole pū i loko o ka papa, ka mea, ua ua merged i loko o ka hou pūʻulu o "Don" poe koa. Kēia ho okumu ua e kōkua hemo mai ma ka encirclement a me Paulo, e hoopaa i ke kulanakauhale. Once ma ka West kēia kanaka Kelemāniaʻaʻole hiki akā, e kali i ka kōkua o ko lākou mau compatriots waho.

maopopo wā e hiki mai

Oiai ka hoʻomaka o ka Soviet ee-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad alakai aku ai i ka encirclement o kekahi hapa nui o ka Kelemānia koa, me ka kanalua pomaikai nui aʻole i manaʻo' ia ua pau i ka hana. Ka Red Army hoʻomau e hooukaʻenemi kulana. Wehrmacht pūʻulu ua nui loa, no laila, ke GHQ manaʻo e hemo mai ma ka mea e malu ai, a Wāwahi ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o nā māhele. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia ka mea i ke alo nunui hou, i ka lehulehu o kaʻenemi koa ua nunui kiʻekiʻe. Soviet counteroffensive ma Stalingrad ka meheu o.

Ia manawa, ma ka Wehrmacht hoʻomākaukau i kekahi kumumanao "Vintergevitter" ana (i translates like "Winter makani ino"). Kona AIM ua e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopau o ka encirclement o ka 6th Army ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Fridriha Paulyusa. Ke blockade ua e hemo mai ma ka pūʻulu "Don" poe koa. Hoʻolala a me ka lawe ana mai i ka hana "Vintergevitter" Ua häʻawi mai ai iä ka Field Ilamuku Erich av Manstein. Ke kumu nui ma ko mana o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i kēia manawa,ʻo ia ka 4th Panzer Army, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Hermann Hoth.

"Vintergevitter"

Ka haliu ae kuhikuhi mai la lakou o ke kaua i ke koena e ka lń i ka mea i kekahi, alaila, na kekahiʻaoʻao, a hiki i ka hope manawa ka mea, ua ole loa ka mea nana e ia i ka uwa maila. Pela ka mea, ua ma luna o nā kapa o ke Volga River ma ka hope o 1942. Omaka i ka Soviet counteroffensive ma Stalingrad, haʻalele ma ke kua o ka Army Red. Eia naʻe, ma December 12 na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hoao e lawe i ke Initiative i loko o ko lākou mau lima. Ma kēia lā, Manstein a me Hoth hoʻomaka e? Ii i ke kumumanao "Vintergevitter".

Aie i ka mea i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hanaia mai i papai aku kāna mau 'ōlelo, mai ka wahi Kotelnikovo kauhale, keia hana ua i kapaia Kotelnikovo. Ka loa ua unexpected. Ka Red Army ike i ka Wehrmacht e ho'āʻo e wāwahi i ka pua mai ke waho, akā, i ka hoouka ana o Kotelnikovo i kekahi o ka mea liilii loa noʻonoʻo Lolina o ke kulana. Ma ke ala o kēia kanaka Kelemānia i makemake e hele mai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana o kona mau hoa, ka mea mua i ka 302nd Infantry Māhele. Ua ua piha liʻiliʻi a me ka disorganized. A Gotu hiki ke hana kekahi i na kulana e ku ma ka 51st Army.

December 13 6th Panzer Māhele hooukaia mai na kulana i lawe ia e ka 234th pahu regiment i kākoʻo 235 la pahu Brigade, a me ka 20th Anati-pahu mea kaua brigade. Kēia mau koa i kauoha mai ai ma ka Lt. Col. Michael Diasamidze. Kekahi kokoke o ka 4th Mechanized mau pūʻali Vasiliya Volskogo. Soviet pūʻulu, ua kokoke ke kulanakauhale o keena Kuma. Ka hakaka Soviet poʻe hao wale a me nā huahelu o ka Wehrmacht no ka hooponopono anaʻeono lā ma luna ona.

Ke standoff, i hele aku me ka loli iki ana i ka pomaikai ma na aoao elua, ua aneane pau December 19. Ke German pūʻulu i ka ikaika me ka hou naehana, ka mea i hele mai mai ka hope. Kēia hanana i hoʻoikaika i ka Soviet luna, e emi hope i Myshkova muliwai. Naʻe, i kēia mea he elima-lā kali hou aku i ka hana hoʻokani i loko o ka lima o ka Red Army. No ka ana na koa kaua no na alanui mauka Kuma, i loko o ka wahi kokoke i puakai 2nd kiai Army.

noho pilikia loa

December 20 i ka poe kaua o Paulo a me Hoth kaawale ma 40 wale kilomika. Eia naʻe,ʻo kēia kanaka Kelemānia hoao e wawahi i ka blockade, i ua nalowale kekahi hapalua o na limahana. Ke kūpono 'ka meheu o ia a me ka ho'ōla hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Goth ikaika e hoʻopau. Ano, e uhai i ka Soviet apo i hoʻopuniʻia e nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia pono ai ke kōkua. Plan o hana "Vintergevitter" ma ka kumumanaʻo kikowaena hou kumumanao "Donnershlag". He moe i loko o ka mea ana i ka laka 'ia 6th Army Paulo i manao iho e hālāwai me kona mau hoa, imi e uhai i ka blockade.

Naʻe, i kēia manaʻo i ole hoʻokō. Ka mea, ua pau i ka hookahi mea o Hitler "makemake loa e haʻalele i ka Stalingrad pā kaua." Inā Paulo wawahi i ke apo no ka ihu, a pili i ka Goth,ʻo ia makemake, o ka papa, haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale ma ke kua. Ke Führer i manao ai keia huli o ka hanana ka piha pio a me ka hilahila. Kona pāpā i ua hoʻokomoʻia ka ultimatum. He oiaio, ina Paulo kaua i kona ala ma na kaua o ka Soviet,ʻo ia makemake ua ua ho'āʻo like me ka mea kumakaia i ka motherland. He ua maopopo nö iä ia no ia, a i ole lawe i ka Initiative ma keʻano nui loa.

hope Manstein

Ia manawa, ma ka pūhaka hema o ka kaua na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me kā lākou mau allies, ua hiki ke haawi aku i ka ikaika kaua hoʻi i ka Soviet hao wale. makemake Italian a me ka Lomānia mahele ana i kaua aku ai i loko o kēia kaiaulu, aku la. E pakele ai i avalanche. People haʻalele lākou wahi me ka nana ole i hope. Ano, no ka Red Army ke ala e hiki ai i ka weheia Kamensk-ma luna o nā kapa o ke Northern Donets River. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o Soviet poʻe hao wale e noho Rostov hoomaka. Eia hou, i ka hānau kila strategically nui Airfield ma Tazinskaya a me Morozovsk, a ua pono no ka mea Wehrmacht kokololio hoolilo o ka ai, a me nā kumu waiwai.

Ma keia manao, ma December 23 o ka luna o ka hana , e uhai i ka blockade Manstein kauoha e emi hope, ma ka mea e mālama i ka palapala pono ', Aia ma ka hope. ʻoihana kaʻa i kaʻenemi i ka 2nd kiai Army Rodion Malinovsky. Kelemānia pūhaka i'ō a kūlana. December 24, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua hou-komo i ke keena Kuma. Ma ka Ia lā ka Stalingrad Front hele aku la ma ke kūpono 'i Kotelnikov. Goth a Paulo i ua hikiʻole i ka hoʻohui a hoomakaukau i ke ala hele no ka emi hope puni ma na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Hana "Vintergevitter" Ua kaulia ana.

Pau 'ana o ka hana "Uranus"

January 8, 1943, ka wā ia i hoʻopuniʻia e nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia loa Ka Ho 'Oponopono, ka Red Army E kauoha akuʻoe hoa paio i waiho i ultimatum. Paulo i ke capitulate. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hōʻole i hana ai, ka hahai i nā kauoha o Hitler, nona ka ole ma Stalingrad makemake e ka papai aku weliweli. Ka wā ma ke keʻena luna aʻo ia Paulo e Kiʻi ma, i ke kūpono 'ana o ka Red Army Keoni a me ke ahiahi, oi aku poe ikaika no lakou.

January 10 Don Front hele aku la a hiki i ka hope ana o ka enemi. E like me nā koho i ia manawa i loko o ka pahele Ma kahi o ka 250.000 kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ke Soviet LIKE-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad mau ae la ia no elua mahina, a me ka manawa i nele i ka pahu aku ai i hope no kona paʻaʻana. January 26, hoopuniia ma ka pūʻulu o Wehrmacht Ua i nā'āpanaʻelua. Ma ke kikowaena o Stalingrad i ka hema hapalua, i loko o ka wahi o ka "Barricades" hola a me kaʻa kauō Plant - North. January 31 Paulo a me kona mau subordinates hookuu mai ai ia. Pepeluali 2 Ua uhaʻiʻia ka ia'ku o ka hope Kelemānia pa alima. Kēia lā i pau ai me ka Soviet counteroffensive ma Stalingrad. Ka lā, eia hoi, ua lilo hope no ka mea holoʻokoʻa kaua ma luna o nā kapa o ke Volga.

hualoaʻa

He aha e noho ana i nā kumu no ka pomaikai o ka Soviet ee-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad? Ma ka pau ana o ka 1942 i kūpono i ka Wehrmacht hawaiian Manpower. E hoolei mai i loko o ke kaua ma ka hikina ua lilo ia iʻaʻole. Ka mana koena Ua hooweliweli. Stalingrad ua ka lōʻihi wahi o ka Kelemānia kūpono '. Ma ka mua Tsaritsyn ia iho la o Petero mai.

Ke ki i ka pau kaua ua lilo i ka hoʻomaka o ka ee-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad. Red Army ma ka mua mau fronts ke hoopuni a laila, hoʻopau i ka enemi. Ua Ua luku eʻenemi 32 māhele a me 3 brigade. A pau na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me kā lākou mau allies ma ka "Axis" lilo ma kahi o 800 tausani kanaka. Soviet oeeo? Ua no hoi, alahula mau. Ka Red Army nalowale 485.000 kanaka, o ka poe a 155.000 i make.

No ka elua a me ka hapalua mahina a puni ka ke Kelemānia a i ole e kekahi ho'āʻoʻana i ka uhai mai, mai ka loko. Ka mea, manaʻo kōkua mai i ka 'nā moku'āina' ', akā, me ka punohu o ka blockade o Army Group "Don" waho nele. Aka hoi, i ka haawi mai manawa ua ulu na kēia kanaka Kelemānia lewa ke piʻoloke'ōnaehana, no kahi mea mai ka papa ma ke koho i ka mea o ka 50 tausani koa (ka mea, i ka hapanui eha). Ka poe i noho i loko o ke apo no ka ihu, kekahi make ai i pio.

counteroffensive ma Stalingrad manao ia ana i. Red Army huli i ke au o ke kaua. A mahope iho o keia pomaikai, hoomaka ae la he gradual kaʻina hana o freeing ka Soviet Union mai Naziʻoihana. I mau, i ke kaua o Stalingrad, e a ka ee-kūpono 'ana o ka Soviet na puali koa i ka chord hope loa, hoao iho la e ia i kekahi o na kaua nui loa, a bloodiest i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Kēia ho'āla kaua e ke ahi, bombed a hōkaiʻia mea hina hou huikau ma ka hoʻoilo nana. Ua make ke anu aniau a me ka poe mai, kena ae la ia lakou i na mea he nui defenders o ka'āina. Aka hoi, i ke kulanakauhale (a me ia i ka holoʻokoʻa Soviet Union) i ola. Ka inoa o ka ee-kūpono 'ma Stalingrad - "Uranus" - a mau loa aku kākauʻia i loko o koa mōʻaukala.

Ke kumu no ka pio ana o ka Wehrmacht

He nui hope, ma hope o ka Apana World War Manstein paʻi i kekahi memoir loko a me ka piha ano o kona pili ana i ke kaua o Stalingrad a me ka Soviet ee-kūpono 'ma lalo ia. He ua hoopiiia mai i loko o ka make hoopuniia 6th Hitler ka poe koa. i makemake i ke Fuhrer e lawe Stalingrad a pela hoolei aku i ka malu ma luna o kona kūlana. No ka mea, o keia, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ua initially i loko o ka ieoaeunoai, a laila, pau loa i hoopuniia.

Ma ka puali koa o ka Apana Reich he'ē aʻe complications. Amo mokulele ua,ʻaʻole lawa no ka i ka pono mahele puni ammunition, wahie a me ka ai. Air ala hele, a i ole ia a hiki i ka hopena. Eia hou kekahi, Manstein oleloia e Paulo hoole e hemo mai ma ka Soviet ke komo lima ma Gotha no ka mea, o ka nele o ka wahie, a me ka makau, e ae aku i ka make hope loa, oiai no hoʻokuliʻoe i ka mea o ka Fuhrer.