Ke Duke o Alba: Kawaihae

Fernando Alvarez de Ka Toledo, Duke o Alba, kona Kawaihae e haʻi i ka puu o ka hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo e pili ana i kona ola a me ka hana, i hānauʻia ma ka 1507. Ua ua he pono-ike Spanish mau, e like me ke kaulana statesman. No ka mea, o kona mau mea hoomainoino i inoa kapakapa "Iron Duke".

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā'ōpiopio o ka wā e hiki mai koko Duke

Fernando De Toledo Ua hānauʻia ma luna o October 29, 1508 i loko o kekahi o na kahiko a me ka mahalo nui maikaiʻohana o Sepania. make aku la kona makuakane ia Alvarez de Ka Toledo ua nō'ōpiopio makahiki, a laila ka mea i lawe mai i ka ikaika kupuna kāne. He i e ulu mai kekahi keiki a hiki i ka ardent Hui, malama pono ke kauwa a ke alii, a me ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana koa nā ho'āʻo pono. I ka makahiki o ka umikumamaono makahiki i mālama lākou Duke o Alba me ka luna i loko o ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe o Emperor e kū'ē i ka Palani Charles V.

Mai ka 1531 Fernando Ua pâʻani 'o ia i alakaʻi o kūlana ma ka hana ana i na Kauai. A,ʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi 'ia mau ma hope o nā makahiki a hoʻohanohano iā ia iho i loko o ka pua ana o Tunis i ka 1535. Ma hope o ke pale Perpignan mai Palani hoouka i ka 1542-ka m, ia i hoonohoia e Charles i ka oihana koa kuhikuhi Elima i kona hope, Philippe.

Ka loa loa-ike kaua o ka lā

Ke Duke o Alba i kauoha mai ai i ka lio, a pili kēia ka pilina i ka imperial lanakila o Mühlberg i ka 1547. A hala na la elima makahiki, Fernando Alvarez i luna o ka nohona ma ke kauoha o na Sepania koa ma Italia. Aka hoi, ke Duke hiki i hiki ole i ka pio ana o ka imperial koa, me ka a no o keia i alakaʻi ai i ka abdication o ka Auguseto i ka 1556.

Philip II, lilo iho la ke alii o Sepania, Fernando de Ka Toledo, hoonoho kiaaina o Milana, e like me ka luna o ka oihana koa o Italia. Aia ke Duke o Alba ke kaua i ke kaua e kū'ē i ka papal kaua o Paulo i ka Apana, i ua he Ally o ka Farani, ma ke poo o ka umikumamalua tausani Spanish koa. Oiai ae ho'āʻo ana i ka pololei kaua ma Roma, i ka mea, aole repetition o 1527.

Ka liana o ka Pope, a me ka piha lanakila o Fernando

Pāpā hookohukohu iho la lakou e hooluolu mai ia nei hoa paio i ka truce, me ka manao i keia manawa, e hopu mai me ka Palani poʻe hao wale, akā, no ka Spaniards hopu ia, a luku aku la ma ka kaua o San Quentin. A me ke kākoʻo mai o ka manao puali papal poʻe hao wale i luku. Fernando Alvarez, kena ae la i ka Pope, eʻae i ke ao nei i ka 1557, nā mea hoʻomākaukau i ka Sepania domination ma Italy no ka oi ma mua o ka haneri makahiki.

I ka hookahi makahiki ma waena o ka mō'ī o ke aupuni o Sepania a me Farani i ka truce Ua kakauinoa ia ma Cateau-Cambrésis. ʻOiai hiki mua ana keia aelike, i ka Italia Peninsula ua i loko o ka hooloihi ae i moku'āina o ke koena. A me ka ia nui ke kahua ma ka Kawaihae o ke kaulana Fernando - he kai eʻe o ke Duke o Alba i ka 1567 a me kona mahope rula i loko o ka Netherlands, a i haʻalele i ka hohonu hoailona ma ka moolelo, no kaʻino a me ka hi hanana.

Koko hana o ke kaulana o Duke

Ma 'Aukake 1566 i ka Netherlands ua Iconoclastic kipi, i ka wa i looted paha i luku ole wale i ka helu ana o monasteries, akā, i na ekalesia a me ka Hui kiʻi. E hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ke kanawai a me ka hoʻomana nīnūnē Korol Filipp II hoouna Fernando alakai i ka poe koa wae i loko o ka Netherlands. Aia ke Duke o Alba, kona Kawaihae Hoʻonui i ka pono ma luna o kēia wā, haʻalele ka loa koko Memories.

Fernando komo aku i ka aina o ka Palukela August 22, 1567, a ua waeiaʻe Kiaaina-nui. A he mau lā ma hope o kona hoʻokumu i ka "aoi Council" e uhi ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo, a kipi. Keia Aha e hana ana me ka mea i hoʻohalahala austerity. Oʻelua o ka loa a me ka nui kaulana nā aliʻi o ka'āina, pakuhi,, i hopu mokuna o ka Flemish aliʻi, Egmont a me Horn, a kau akula ma luna hookolokolo. ka mea, i a laila hana.

Ke hou auhau'ōnaehana

No hoi i na hoopai ana i oi aku mamua o hookahi tausani kānaka o nā papa hooko, a me ka nui holo wale aku no no ka maluhia kumu. A pau ka poe i hoahewa ia, hana June 5, 1568 ma ka Town Hall Square ma Palukela. Ke Duke o Alba me kaʻoʻoleʻa ano, ia i ua oleʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka Flemish hoopono. ike aku la oia ia me ka walohia no ka mea hoopii. Nolaila, Fernando Alvarez he makemake ko hooko wā lehulehu hoike.

Malama o ka poʻe hao wale i loko o Falanadera entail nui aneiai koina. A me ke koko o Duke o Alba hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻolauna i hou ano o ka auhau ana ma ka Benelux'āina, ma muliʻano nui ma luna o ka Sepania auhau'ōnaehana i ka uku o ka umi hapahaneri ma luna o kēlā me kēia hoolilo o ka waiwai. He nui o ka aina i ia manawa kuai i konaʻaoʻao ma luna o ka hoʻokahi-manawa uku, hoomaka hohonu e hopohopo nei ma keia manao, i ka pomaikai o ka Benelux aina ua ke olonā wāwae.

Waiver o ka uku ana i na auhau, a kipi uprising

Kekahi kupa hōʻole, e uku i ka "hapaumi" like Pani 'ōlelo' keia auhau, a hoʻomaka i ka haunaele koke palahalaha ae ma ka Netherlands. inoa kapakapa ke Aliʻi o Orange, William ke NU YOKA i hōʻike 'ka Huguenots ma Farani, no laila, e ka mea, i ka pono kākoʻo, a hoomaka ae la e kākoʻo i nā kipi. He, a me ka poʻe hao wale, mai Farani au i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka mau mea.

A pua ana o Haarlem ua wehewehe aku e hao wale mai hana o na aoao elua. Ua puka 'o ia mai ka hoihoi mai o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka lilo ana o ma kahi o elua tausani kanaka. Aie i ka lōʻihi koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe a me ka pepehi repression o kipi poe kanaka ka poe i hoolilo i ka Duke o Alba, i ka Netherlands hoʻopaʻa iā ia i ka inoa kapakapa "Iron Duke".

Kona kaulana, ua hoʻohana no ka propaganda i waena o nā insurgents, a i hou hopena ma luna o ka Anati-Spanish olelo la. Fernando noho hanohano i loko o ka poe koa Sepania, i ka mea i ole kānalua i ka hookahi minuke, hiki mau pololei koho iho i ka naʻau i loko o na kanaka.

Ke hoʻi ia Spain, ai na makahiki hope o kona ola

Ma naʻe o ka mākau alu hostilities, ke kahua ma ka Netherlands mea,ʻaʻole ma ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai o Sepania. Ma hope lehulehu repression, a mau ae la ia no ka elima makahiki, ma kahi o elima tausani hooko a me ka ikaika hoopii Philip II hooholoia e hoopau i ke kahua ma ka hele 'ana o Fernando de Ka Toledo, e hoʻi i Sepania.

Duke holo mai Holland, nō haehaeʻiaʻo Libena, December 18, 1573. Ma kona hoʻi i Spain, Fernando loaʻa iā ia iho mai o ka lokomaikai a me ke alii. Eia naʻe, ehiku makahiki ma hope, Philip II Komikina'Āina i ka naʻi aupuni o Portugal ia ia.

Fernando Alvarez mare i ka 1527 i kona hoahānauʻo Maria Enrique de Ka Toledo. Mai keia mare ia i haʻalele eha hooilina: Garcia, Fadrique, Diego a me Beatriz. Aia Ua hoi Documentary kekahi hōʻike, i kana keiki mua i hanau mai o ka berita mare, i i hanau mai na kaikamahine o ka Miller.

Ke Duke o Alba, he Hawaii photo no i, a papa, uuku ua ikeia ka maʻamau kanaka, akā, maʻa i kekahi mea kākau moʻolelo i Pilikanaka na biographies o koʻikoʻi personalities, make ma Likepona ma 11 December 1582. Fernando koe i hoolilo i Alba de Ka Tormes, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka hoailona o San Leonardo.