Poe akeakamai a me ka pessimist, irrationalist, negating ka hapanui o ka manaÿo a me ka manaʻo - i lawe mai ai Shopengauer Artur lehulehu. Akā, i hana ia pela? Pahu ia a hiki i keia Outlook? He mau manaoio aku i ka makemake - i ke kihi o ke ola, o ka mana holoʻana i hanu ola i loko o mākou, a kena ae la i ka naau. Me ka manaoio, aole makemake e ole ka ike, a me ka manao o ke kanaka? Acaeoey i loko o ia ia mea i kēia lā. No laila mea alakai aku la ia ia a hiki i keia ala o ka noʻonoʻo?
kamaliʻi
I ka wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai Arthur Schopenhauer, nona ka lā o ka hanau, e hina ia ma Pepeluali 28, 1788, i hānauʻia i loko o ka ohana o ke kalepa a me ka mea kākau. Mai ka manawa'ōpio wale nō koʻu makua kāne ho'āʻo i ka haʻaheo i ka aloha o ke keiki no kona mau hana, akā, i lanakila ma keia. Education Arthur loaa sporadically: kekahi mau mahina i loko o Le Havre, mai ka hana hoalawepu o kona makua kāne ma ka makahiki o 9 makahiki kahiko, laila nooaai ma Runge, i loko o kekahi kula waiwai - 11, a me ka makahiki 15 i loko o ka wa opiopio neʻe e noiʻi i loko o ka UK. Akā,ʻaʻole ma na aoao o ua, a me ka pōkole auʻo ia i noho i loko o kekahi mau Europa, aina no ka 2 makahiki.
ohana
Ka pilina ma waena o na makua Schopenhauer, he mau luna '. Ma ka hopena, me kona makuakane i haalele ai i ka 'ohana, a me ka hope hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. Ka makuahine, ua ai hoʻoholo ai a me kaʻoliʻoli kanaka e pessimist no hoi i ole i Arthur ka hoomanawanui, e noho ana me konaʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao, a me ka mea, e waiho ana ma 1814, akā, hoomau iho la oia e malama i ka pili aloha. He kōkua ka'ōpio poe akeakamai e i na mea he nui hana hoihoi a me ka maikaʻi kēia hui 'ana i waena o nā bohemians o ka manawa.
adulthood
Me he 'ano nui na dala i loko o ka puʻu e kū pono no a me ka noho ma luna o ka hoihoi Shopengauer Artur hele e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke Kulanui o Göttingen i loko o ka' inikuaʻoihana kahuna. Akā,ʻelua makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i laila 'o ia i ke Kulanui o Pelelina, a hoʻololi i ka'Āuna Kumu o akeakamai. Mākou hiki ole ke olelo i ka mea, ua he haumana maikai. kona mau haʻi'ōlelo i ole o Laielohelohe ia, aʻike i ka poʻeʻilihune, akā, i nā nīnūnē e maoli e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai, oia aʻo i loko o nā mea a pau Kekoa, ho'āʻo ana e komo i ke kumu o ka pilikia. Oia, no ka mea hoike, i ka manao o ka makemake, a me Schelling ka pähola 'o kiʻekiʻe ano, Ua laka. I ka nānā 'ua kumu kāki i nāʻano o Plato a me Kant hale. I ka 1813, Shopengauer Artur kokua i kona doctoral dissertation ma ke kānāwai o ke kupono lepo. A laila, nā pūʻulu e hana ma luna o kona nui hana.
philosophical hana
He waiwai e noonoo pono ana i hana ke kanaka i ka poe akeakamai Arthur Schopenhauer. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi wehe i ka noiʻi, i hoʻomaopopo i kona kino mooolelo. E like me ka mea huli mai, 'oihana'ōhumu mai, he makewai no ka kaulana, a alakai mea kākau nawaliwali hehena, no ke aha la mai kona peni ikea hōʻino a pinepine kaulikeʻole ho'āhewa wale' ku e oleloia nā kānaka hoʻokūkū.
I ka 1818, ua paʻi i ka puke mua, "The World like Will, a hoohalike ai," akā, ua hele loa unnoticed ma ka lehulehu, aole hoi me ka 'epekema kaiāulu. Hoʻopuka i ae mai ka pōʻino, a me ka poe akeakamai ho'āpono eha haʻaheo. I mea e e rehabilitated i loko o kona mau maka, he keiki Kelemānia poe akeakamai Arthur Schopenhauer nō e haʻi'ōlelo ma ke Kulanui o Pelelina. Akā, mai keia manawa ma laila i ao mai ai Hegel, nā haumāna AOON ka opiopio hope Kumu me kona gloomy Outlook ma luna o ke ola. 'Aʻole i makemake e lilo i ka mea o ke kahakaha a aloha, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hele i Italia, aku, mai ka haukamumu o ka kulanui. Akā, i ka makahiki ma hope hoʻi hou e ho'āʻo lākou pōmaikaʻi ma ke ao ana ala. O ka make ana o kaʻenemi i loko o 1831 i hana kaulana papa, a me ke kanaka ui holo mai o ao ana no a pau.
Neʻe maila. Life me ke kuina maemae
Ma hope o ka haʻalele Pelelina no ka mea, o ka cholera'ōkuʻu, a hoʻoneʻe iā Frankfurt, "hānau" ka hou hookahi - Arthur Schopenhauer. Kālaiʻike pokole a kākaʻikahi, akā nō'ōlapa ai i loko o kona ola. Nolaila, eo aku la ia i ka Norewai Science o ka Royal Society no kona 'atikala. Ka puke o kona poe a pau no hoi i hanohano, a me ka reissue o ka puke, ua manawa haihaiia i loko o nā puke, hou hoao i ka ole. Negativism, misanthropy a me ka poho mahuahua hou ma Schopenhauer. Hoomaka ae la oia e inaina a pau akeakamai wholesale a pākahi, o ka oi aku Hegel, a i iho mailoko o kā lākou mau manaʻo maʻEulopa.
kipi
"He kaua i ka la apopo ...". No, no papa,ʻaʻohe uaʻaʻohe kaua, akā, ma hope o ka kipi ana o 1848-1849 Outlook ana o kanaka, ua hoʻololi ko lakou mau pilikia, a me nā pahu hopu kino i ka ka hailona. Ka mea, ua lilo lakou i poe noho malie a me ka pessimistic nana ma ka ike maopopo a puni ia. Ua 'ae' o ka manawa aicieeaao, a i ole ole e lawe ka lanakila o Arthur Schopenhauer. Kālaiʻike iki hiki i ka pono ma ka aphoristic, ka 'aoʻao a me ka aha hookolokolo, a ua haule ma ka hoa uhane. Ka puke o kēia puke i lawe mai kona kaulana a me ka hanohano i ka poe akeakamai, no ka mea āna i moe ai.
hopena o ka nani
Ano, Shopengauer Artur ke e māʻona me kona hopena. Kona hale ua piha, i hana 'ia ka mea a pau i noho malihini ai a hiki i na wahi o ka noho. Ua heluhelu kulanui haʻi'ōlelo ma luna o kona akeakamai, he kino haumana. I ka makahiki 1854, Wagner hoouna aku la ia ia i kona kaulana tetralogy "ke alii o ka Nibelung" autographed ma keia hoailona biographers manaoia maopopo loa nui.
Elima makahiki ma hope, ke hele mai i ka hou-paiia o "ka honua e like me ka makemake a me nā mea pono", a me ka makahiki ma hope paʻi i kona mau 'atikala, (essay) a me aphorisms. Akā, i ka mea kākau i i ike ia. Pneumonia loaʻa aku ia, a me September 21, 1860 make ma luna o Arthur Schopenhauer. Pōkole Kawaihae, paʻi hope, ua hiki e hoolilo aku i ka oiaio o kana mau olelo o ka weuweu poe akeakamai: ". Ka napoo ana o koʻu ola i ka wanaao o koʻu nani"
Pessimistic kālaiʻike i mea mahaloia imua o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Ua Ua ma keia wahi o ka makemake i hele mai e olelo i ka hailona i kanaka, i ke koena o ke ahi o ke kipi. E like me kēia mau postulates, hoomanawanui - ia mea maikai, a me ka uku pānaʻi, - i ka hewa. I wehewehe i ke akeakamai o ia i kekahi oihana wale: wale'ōhumu mai e leie aku iā mākou i ka haha hou ke hākilo loa ko lakou mau pono a me nā kuko. I ka wā o ka pono ua halawai, alaila, hoomanawanui nalo ole no kekahi manawa, akā, e hiki ole wehe ia paʻa, a nolaila, ke ola - i ka moʻo o ka loaa ana mai ka hanau ana i ka make. A me ka hopena, mai nā mea a pau i kēia philosophical manaʻo o Schopenhauer ia nei i loko o ia o ka honua e like me keia, ka mea mea maikaʻi,ʻaʻole ia e hanau ai. Ua loaʻa iā ia he nui hopena ma luna o nā kino i ka a me ka pokole o ka mōʻaukala hanana personalities e like me Fridrih Nitsshe, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Albert Einstein a me Leo Tolstoy. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau kanaka kekahi aoao ai kekahi i alakaʻi ai i ka ulu ana o ke kaiāulu, hoʻololi i ka manao o kona wā e pili ana i mea ola e e. A pau keia hiki ole i hiki mai ina mea i ole oukou i hoopailua mai, a hoʻopoina i loko o kona wa opiopio Arthur Schopenhauer.