Ka Make Aleksandra Makedonskogo: ke kumu, mana, wahi a me ka makahiki. Aupuni a pau Aleksandra Makedonskogo ma hope o kona make ana

E like me ka palapala kahiko, i ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo hele mai June 10 323 BC. e ka. Pūkaua nui loa ua 32 wale nō makahiki. Hiki i keia manawa, kākau moʻolelo hiki ole loaʻa mai i ke kumu no kona holo mai ke ola. Ka ulia make Aleksandra Makedonskogo, i ole i ho'ākāka 'ia i kona hooilina, alakai aku ai i ka'opi o kona aupuni a pau, a me ka hanaia ana o kekahi mau Hawaii, alakaʻiʻia warlords ku ae, a hele mai i ke alii nui.

E hoʻi iā Babulona

I ka 323 BC. e ka. Hellenic Army hoʻi a hiki i ke komohana. Aleksandr Makedonsky pau i kona hele ana a hiki i ka hikina, hiki aku kona palena i India. He e hoʻokele i ka hana i ka nui aupuni a pau aku, mai ka Balkans a hiki i Iran, a mai Central Asia a hiki i Aigupita. Ua i mai nei me ka nui ana iʻikeʻia literally i ka pō i ka makemake o ka luna i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka.

Make Aleksandra Makedonskogo loaa mai ma Babulona. Ua ua he ula la nui i ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka auwai, lawe ka wai, mai ka Euperate. Ke kūlanakauhale ua pinepine loaa mai ka maʻi a me nā maʻi'ōkuʻu. Paha ia mea 'aneʻi i ke Alii o na'lii lalau i ka maʻiʻaʻai.

Hephaestion ka hoʻolewa

I ka makahiki hope o kona ola ana, Alexander lilo overstrained a me ka hana kupua. Kona uwe ana i ke kumu ma ka make ana o kona hoapili a me ka He kokekau wale luna Hephaistion. A pau i wahi ma May hassle pili me ihola nō ia. I Hephaestion Ua kūkulu nunui ziggurat, i ka hoʻonaniʻia me nā Nā Kia lehulehu i loaa mai i ke kai eʻe ma ka hikina.

Ke alii ia e hoʻouna mai i nā wahi a pau o ke aupuni a pau kanawai i kona hoa pono e nānā mai like me ka meʻe (ma ka mea ka mea, ua i ke kūlana polubozhestva). I loa haipule a me ka ikaika loa ke kanaka, Alexander pili nui i kēia mau mea. I waena o nā mea a pau, oia ua hoopuniia oia ia ia iho me ka nui na kaula a me ka olelo.

Hele ana a hiki i kaʻEuperate

Babulona ukiuki o Alexander. He pokole haʻalele i ke bustling kūlanakauhale, e makaikai i na kapa o ka muliwai, a me nā wahi lepo wai kokoke. Ke alii i hele e hoonohonoho i ka huakaʻi ma ke kai a puni ka Arabian Peninsula. He kaupaona i nā i ka muliwai kapa, ho'āʻo e pohihihi mai pehea e waiho i loko o ka wahi o Babulona 1200 moku, a koke i ka hele.

Ma keia holo ana, i ka makani haehae iho la i ke poo o ka luna o kona ulaula i hoowahawaha ai i ke gula lipine i kona apo me ka pāpale aliʻi. Na kaula, ka poe i lohe i ka mō'ī hoʻoholo i keia hihia - he ino nānā i nā'ōuli, a 'aʻole i bode pono. I ka wā o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo i kekahi mea, hoomanao iho la na mea he nui He kokekau wale i ka hihia ma luna o kekahi o na Canal o ka Euperate.

ho'āla i loko o ka lute

I ka hopena o May, ke aliʻi hoʻi e Babulona. He hookanaka i kona kanikau, e hoailona i ka make ana o ka hoa, a hoomaka ae la e ahaaina ai me kona mau hoa hana. Lawe mai aha lealea mohai i ke akua, a hoomaka ae la me ke kanaka ole mai hookipa ana liʻiliʻi i ke kaua - hailona o ka waina a me kaʻai. Ma Babulona, kaulana i ka pomaikai o Nearchus huakaʻi a hiki i ke awawa. eager e hele i ka mea e hiki mai kai eʻe i ua ke alii.

I ka hoʻomaka o June, Alexander ikea kiʻekiʻe kuni. He ho'āʻo i ka pakele ana i ka maʻi, e lawe i ka auau, a ana lokomaikaʻi makana i na akua. Na lono e pili ana i ka maʻi o ke alii pūnāwai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka pono o kona mau kākoʻo, akā, i kona a pau nānā aku la ia i ka mō'ī ua paa i ka lehulehu ma ka pono o June 8, ke kanaka e inu nei Macedonians wawahi i loko o ka noho ana o kona alii ana, i ke alii.

Alexander ka make

I kekahi lā, June 9, Alexander haule i loko o ka coma, a me ka 10th o na kauka hai i kona make ana. No ka nui kenekulia, kakaolelo o kekahi mau hanauna i kaumaha aku i kekahiʻano o theories e pili ana i mea hoʻowalewale i ka withdrawal o ke ola ana o ke keiki luna, mau ka oko ao maikai ola. Ma ke kālā no 'epekema, ka loa e like me ka hoomaopopo, i mai nei i ke kumu o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo mea mamao aku, mai mysticism.

Loa paha, ke alii ano, malaria. Ua noticeably hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia kino, a me ka ia i ole Makuakane me ka li nui o na ia maʻiʻaʻai (i loko o kekahi mana - leukemia). Kūkākūkā i ka lua o ka ona maʻi nei nō ka hoʻomauʻana. E like me ka mea i emi hanohano kumumanaʻo, i ke kumu o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo i ke komohana muliwai kuni.

Version o kaʻapu kōheoheo iā

He aha ka mea nui o ka mea i kekahi o na hoa o ke alii i make ai o ka infectious maʻi. Paha Monarch hōkai i ko lākou ola ma ka pololei, ka inu. I loko o ka hou Holiday āna i hana ai,ʻaʻole no ka hookahi lā i ole anaʻahaʻaina, kahi nunui dala o ka inu.

Hoikehonua, noiʻi Ua uku hoʻolohe i nā hana mana i pu aku i ka luna o ka maʻi. Aole ia i kuu mai convulsions, pinepine ka luaʻi, Muscle nawaliwali, a kue naʻau kōmi. A pau i kēia mea hoike o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana. No laila, i ka mana o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo loaʻa i ka kumumanaʻo o ka pololei ole lapaau o ka mō'ī.

Ke kauka ke haawi ia ia i keʻokeʻo hellebore hellebore paha, e kōkua ai i kona maʻi mua, a me ka hopena wale i mea ino loa. ʻO i kahiko ua nui kaulana hoʻokolohua o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana o Alexander kona mau pūkaua nui Antipater, ka mea i hoʻoweliweli 'ana mai ka oihana i ke kia'āina ma Makedonia.

Ka hale kupapau o ke alii

323 BC. e ka. (Year o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo) i ke kanikau no ka mea a pau o ka nui aupuni a pau. Oiai Minamina ano o kanaka no ka prematurely make Mō'ī, i kona entourage hoʻoholo mea e hana ai me ke kino o ka mea i make. Ua Ua hooholoia e ialoa i.

Ma ka hopena, i ke kino i uluhia e Ptolemy, ka poe i hoomaka ae la e alii ai maluna o loko oʻAigupita. Ke mummy Ua neʻe akula i Memphis, a laila, i Alexandria - i kekahi kulanakauhale hoʻokumu a ua kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka kekahi mau nui. He nui nā makahiki ma hope, i lanakila ma ka Romans Aigupita. I Emperor Alexander noʻonoʻo i ka nui laʻana e hahai. Luna o Roma pinepine e noho malihini ai a hiki i ka hale kupapau o ke alii. Ka hope ike loea 'ike e pili ana ia nā lā a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o ke kenekulia III, i ka wa a keia wahi i kipa ma ka Emperor Caracalla, waiho iho la ia ma ka halekupapau o kona komo lima, a me ka pālule. Mai ka ua nalowale ka Trail mummy. I kēia lā, kona hou hopena ua i ikeia.

i ka noho ana o Perdiccas

Ua koe controversial 'ike e pili ana i ka polokalamu kauoha a ke aliʻi, i mua o kona Mahope haule i loko o ka coma. Aupuni a pau Aleksandra Makedonskogo ma hope o kona makeʻana, ua e kiʻi i ka hooilina. Monarch hoomaopopo keia, a, e manao ana i kona hookokoke ana aku o hope,ʻo ia ke koho i ka hope. kaʻao Ua hohola i kahiko e hoʻonāwaliwali i ke kiaaina i kona hoailona-ke komo lima Perdiccas - Ua kupaʻa koa alakaʻi, ka mea i ka lilo i kahu aupuni aliʻi wahine Roxana, mea i loko o ka mahina hope o ka hāpai keiki.

A mau pule ma hope o ka make ana o Alexander, hanau mai la ia he keikikane (me Alexander). I ka noho ana o Perdiccas, mai ka hoʻomaka mea lolelua. Ma hope o ka make, i lilo ai Aleksandra Makedonskogo ka hope ka mana eʻaʻa aku i ka 'ē aʻe He kokekau wale i ka mea i make ke aliʻi. I historiography, i ike ka mea, e like me ka Diadochi. Kokoke i nā kia'āina ma ka'āina a hai mai la i ko lakou kuokoa, a hookupaa i ko lakou mau satrapy.

Diadochi

I ka 321 BC. e ka. Perdiccas i kona kai eʻe i loko oʻAigupita, i make ma kona mau pūkaua nui, i hauʻoli i kona autocratic. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Aleksandra Makedonskogo kona aupuni a ua lilo ua komo 'o loko o kivila kaua, ma kēlā me kēia contender no ka mana i ke kaua me ka a pau. Ke koko hoʻomau i ka iwakālua o ka makahiki. ua iho i lalo ma ka mōʻaukala mau kāna hana e lawelawe me ka Wars o ka Diadochi.

Ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pūkaua ho'āpono pakele ana i na hoa a me ka hanauna o Alexander. kaikaina ke alii Arrhidaeus i make, ke kaikuwahine Cleopatra, o ka makuwahine o ka 'Olumepika. Keiki (formally hoopalau Alexander IV) ka liu o kona ola ma ka makahiki 14 i loko o 309 BC. e ka. Ka mō'ī nui i kekahi keiki. Illegitimate keiki a Hercules, hanau o ka haiā wahine Barsine, i make i ka ia manawa me kona kaikuaana.

pauku aupuni a pau

Babulona (o ka wahi o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo) hoʻomaka koke lilo kona mana ma luna o ka'āina. nui i kūlana ma ka piha'ā ma mua o ka hookahi aupuni a pau, hoomaka ae la ma hope o ka make ana o Perdiccas e pāʻani Diadochi Antigonus a me Seleucus. I mua ka mea, he mau allies. I ka 316 BC. e ka. Antigonus i hiki ai i Babulona, a koi ia Seleucus ike ma luna o nā koina kālā o ke kaua e kū'ē i ko lākou mau hoalauna. Ka hope, makau hilahila, a laila holo akula iʻAigupita, kahi i loaʻa ia i puuhonua me ka kūloko aliʻi Ptolemy.

Make Aleksandra Makedonskogo, ma ka pōkole, ua Ua he manawa loa i loko o ka hala, a me kona mau poʻe kākoʻo, e kaua aku i kekahi i kekahi. By 311 BC. e ka. Ua Ua hana hahai ana i ke koena o ka mana. Antigonus alii iho la oia Asia, Ptolemy - i loko oʻAigupita, Cassandra - ma Helene, Seleucus - ma Peresia.

Hope Wars o ka Diadochi

Ka hope, ha kaua Diadochi (308-301 GG, BC. E.) hoomaka aie i ka mea i Cassander a me Ptolemy hoʻoholo e hui pu iho la i loko o kekahi kuikahi e ku e ia Antigonus. Ka mea, i huiʻia e ke alii o Makedonia, Lysimachus a me Seleucus, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Seleucid aupuni a pau.

Ka mua kaua Antigonus, Ptolemy. He Hoopio na Cyclades, Sicyon a me Korineto. No keia hopena, he kumu nui no Aigupita poʻe hao wale pae ma luna o ka Peloponnese, i hopohopo i nā pūʻali koa o ke alii o Perugia. Ptolemy i ka aʻe ka pale kaua o Malaya Aziya. Ke alii o Aigupita i hana mai i kekahi ikaika foothold ma Kupero. Ma keia mokupuni ia me ka nānā 'kona poe koa, a me ka moku. Ua aʻo e pili ana i na mea kuka o kaʻenemi, Antigonus e hōʻuluʻulu hou i kona mau poʻe kaua. Kona poe koa hulina i haʻalele Greece. Kēia poʻe kaua o ka 160 moku alai ae no a hiki i Kupero. Ma hope o kau akula ma luna o ka moku, 15 tausani kanaka alakai e Demetriya Poliorketa hoopuniia i Salami.

Ptolemy hoouna mai i ka pā kaua o ka loaa i loko o Kupero aneane kona'auwaʻa holoʻokoʻa. I loaa ia Demeterio hoʻoholo, e haawi aku i kaʻoihana moku kaua. E like me ka hopena o ka hookui na ko Aigupita lilo i ko lakou mau moku a pau. Ka hapa nui o ia i waikahe, a me ka amo moku hele i Antigonus. I ka 306 BC. e ka. kaʻawale Salami capitulated. Antigonus hopu Kupero, a hiki kūkala ia iho i alii.

A mau mahina ma hope o keia pomaikai Photiki hoʻoholo ihola e hoopai i ka palaoa lāʻau i Ptolemy ma kona aina iho, a hoouna aku la i kekahi huakaʻi i Aigupita. Eia naʻe satrap koa hiki i kela kapa o ka muliwai. Eia hou kekahi, Ptolemy hoouna agitators i loko o ka enemi e hoʻomoana ai, ka mea maoli kuai i ka hoa koa. Pauaho Antigone i e hoʻi i ka hale nele aku la ia ia.

A he mau makahiki ia nei hoa paio kekahi e kekahi, e hoouka aku kekahi i kekahi i loko o ke kai. Antigone ua hiki ke kipaku Lysimachus mai Perugia. I ka Ia manawa, i loaa ia Demeterio hope pau i ke kai eʻe ma ka Helene, a hele aku la i Asia Minor, i mea e hui pu iho la me kona Ally. General kaua a pau i heleʻole mai. Eia kekahi pono ma hope o 8 makahiki mahope mai o ke kaua i hoomaka ai.

ke kaua Ipsus

Ma ke kauwela o ka 301 BC. e ka. ke kaua i wahi Ipsus. Kēia kaua i ka chord hope o na Wars o ka Diadochi. Antigone lio, alakai e loaa ia Demeterio I o Macedon hooukaia mai ke kaumaha lio o na allies, alakaiia'ku e ke keiki Selevka Antioh. Ke kaua, he ino ia. Eia hoi, o ka lio i loaa ia Demeterio i luku enemi, a holo ma hope o lākou. Kēia hana i ka hewa.

I alualu mai o kaʻenemi ka lio, hele aku la kekahi,ʻaʻohe mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa o Antigonus. Seleucus, kona hoʻomaopopo i kaʻenemi i ka miscalculation, komo i loko o ke kaua elepani. Ka mea, ua i pilikia no ka Macedonians, ka poe i aoia, e hoʻohana aku i ka nui holoholona combustible ano o nā kui a me ka papa. Eia naʻe, ua paʻaʻokiʻia elepani ma nā hoʻoholo lio Antigone.

phalanx kaumaha o ke Phrygian ke aliʻi i hoʻopuni. Ua hooukaia mai ka malamalama infantry a me ka lio pana pua. Phalanx, hiki e uhai ma ka blockade, he mau hola e ku ana ma lalo o bombardment. Eia hoi, o ka poe koa o Antigonus a hookuu mai ai ia a holo aku la i ke kahua kaua. I loaa ia Demeterio Hoʻoholo ihola e hele i Helene. 80-makahiki-kahiko Antigonus kaua aku i ka hope, a ka mea, haule iho la ia, pepehi ma kaʻenemi i nā ihe.

Ka ho'oilina Alexander

Ma hope iho o ke kaua o Ipsus allies eia Mokuahana ae la ka mua aupuni a pau o Alexander. Cassandre haʻalele i ka Thessaly, Makedonia a me Hellas. Lysimachus loaa Thrace, Perugia, a me ka Black Sea māhele 'āina. Seleucus hele aku la i Suria. Lākou hoa paio i loaa ia Demeterio i kekahi mau kulanakauhale ma Helene a me Asia Minor.

A pau o nā aupuni i ala ae la ma na wahi e pili ana o ke aupuni a pau Aleksandra Makedonskogo, i ma, mai ka mea, kona moʻomeheu kumu. OʻAigupita, i aliʻi ai Ptolemy, lilo Hellenistic. Ma na mea he nui Middle Hawaiian aina iaʻikeʻia i ka loulou i loko o ka palapala o ka Helene 'ōlelo. Keia honua ola no ma kahi o nā kenekulia, a ka mea i lilo ma ka Roma. New aupuni a pau o ke kemu i nui o Helene moʻomeheu kāna moʻolelo.

I keia la, i ka wahi a me ka makahiki o ka make Aleksandra Makedonskogo i ua'ōlelo i loko o nā puke o ka wa kahiko mōʻaukala. Ua lilo Premature ka make ana o kekahi mau nui kekahi o nā hananaʻano nui no nā mea a pau i kona wā.