Ka 'ole o ka sacrum a me ka coccyx:'anatomia a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai manao

Ole a pau pili i kā lākou ola pono. People pinepine mai e lohe i kekahi o ka eha, a ma ka mea ka mea, ua olelo mai ia i ke kino o ka maikai o ka papa, a me ka nele, e lawe hana. No ka laʻana, mau kanaka e hopohopo nei i kaʻeha ma ka sacrum. Ia manawa, ka mea hiki ke peʻahiʻana i kekahi maʻi nui. Pinepine, i nā mea a pau a mākou i kama'āina me ka 'ole o ka sacrum. Together, e nānā aku iā mākou i ka mea.

Pehea e holo ai ka sacrum

Sacral Hoʻohana mea he nui triangular iwi kinona, i ua Aia ma ke kumu o ka spinal kolamu. No ka mea, na keiki ua i hoʻokumu i ka iwi, ka mea, i ka mea he o elima hookaawale vertebrae, a ma nā mākua ia mea he hookahi apana. He Oʻano o ka auka kau ma waena o ka hip-iwi.

Nō kāu, sacrum i hanaʻia ma ka elima fused vertebrae, akā, ma laila i e aku, ma ke alo o anomalies e like me sacralisation. 'Aʻole mau vertebrae fused ma adolescence, a, incidentally, mea ole ka' aʻe ', a IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i 25 makahiki a pau akau.

oihana sacrum

Ano e mai noonoo i oi au mamuli mea o ka 'ole o ka sacrum. Anatomia kona ua hoʻohuʻuʻia e pili ana me na iwi o ka lumbar a me ka coccyx. Ma keia hihia, e oia ana o kekahi mau māhele.

• alo a me ka hope o surfaces (facies pelvina, facies dorsalis);
• ʻaoʻao Pauku (pars lateralis);
• he kumu (kumu ossis sacri);
• vertex (apex ossis sacri);
• sacral Canal (canalis sacralis).

Ka mua ili i ka concave shape i mea oi hai ia ma ke ala e hiki aku upwardly a downwardly, akā, e emi ma na aoao elua. Ma ka waena o ka mua mahele o ka sacrum i kela kapa 4 kea lala ho okumu i noho vertebrae kuʻi nukeliu. Ma na aoao elua o kēia mau laina i hoʻonohonoho ai i ka weheʻana i loko o ka nui o ka 4 apana, mai kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao. Ka mea, i ka puni kinona, kuhikuhi imua a laterally, a ma ke ala e hiki aku, mai luna a lalo oe, e hai i ka loli i loko o ke anawaena o kaʻaoʻao uuku. Ma kēia mau puka holo moku koko a me nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale i hoolilo plexus.

Ma ka hope ili o ka sacrum 'ole ua wehewehe aku e kekahi wahi paiki convex shape a me ka roughness. Ma ia mea, elima pokou kualono, a i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻokuʻi pū ana o kekahi o ka vertebrae. Spinous kaʻina unpaired palapala waihona meli articular keʻano o ka hanaʻana merge i loko o ka palapala kualono, spike in a kīloi paʻewa kualono i hanaʻia ma ka hookahi inoa hui kaulua. I kekahi manawa, na bumps a pau merge i loko o ka hoʻokahi lapa.

I kaʻaoʻao surfaces o okoa palena manawa i loko o ka luna, akā, ua hou ia.

Kumu - ia ka iwi i loaʻa he nei iluna shape a me ka laulā, alo i mua a hala loa i luna. Ka mea mua loa ua pili i ka lima o ka lumbar vertebra i lilo 'i keʻano o ka lae, nona ma ka pelvis.

Vertex mai he'ololaha kinona, e leie aku ia ia ia i ka pono ala e hoʻohui i ka iwi o ka coccyx.

Ka 'ole o ka sacrum a me ka coccyx ka loaʻa o ka hooholo ia i kŰlń ao ma ka iwi, a mai ka uma shape. Ma luna o ka mea, ua kikooia aku a kohu i ka triangle, a ma lalo iho nei ua hou. Ma ke aha ka hope paia o ka moana koe unfilled. Ke kai sacral plexus nā aʻalolo hāʻule pahū wale ihola ke aupuni 'exiting ma ka puka.

Pehea ke ano o na pelvis

Sacrum, ka mea, ua aia kokoke i ka hope, mea wale hapa o ka 'ole o kekahi kanaka pelvis, hoʻowahāwahā hoohanau. E like me ka rula, ka mea, he a ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele ekolu:

• mau pelvic iwi;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Ma mua o nā pelvis iwi mau hui i pili e kalaka nui-neʻe maila nesinovialnogo hui. I ole ia, keia pauku haawiia keia i like me ka symphysis pubis a pubic symphysis. Ma hope kēia mau iwi i i pili i ko lakou mau mea e kukaʻi pepeiao-hoʻokino ano i ka ia nā wānana waiwai o ka aitch iwi. E like me ka hopena, ua hiki aku i ke kahua o ka hui ana o ka sacroiliac ami.

Eia hou kekahi, kela mea keia mea o na iwi elua, e like me ka 'ole o ka pelvis, ma ka huli, kekahi oia o ekolu'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou:

• iliac;
• ischial;
• pubic.

I a hiki i ka 16-18-makahiki-Nalani Olds, e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi cartilages mau iwi. A laila, he mea he gradual hoola o kēia mau kumu i loko o ka hookahi pelvic iwi. Ma ka pā ili ona ua acetabulum, a lawelawe 'ana me ka pono wahi no ka piʻiʻana i ka femoral poo.

I ka hopena o ke apo paha pelvic lua, kahi o ka na nā loko i puni iho la. Ka holoʻokoʻa pa holoi Ua maheleia i mau pauku: he nui, lehulehu (pelvis nui) a me ka meaʻuʻuku,ʻololī (pelvis nīnūnē). Ka mea, i kaawale ma ka palena laina, a hele ma ka sacral promontory, i ka piʻo o ka iliac iwi elua, scallops pubic iwi, a me ka hoaka o ka palena o ka pubic symphysis.

E like me ka hopena, i ka pelvic 'ole nā' Oihana, ma kahi e ka mea na nā loko pili ana i ka lalo abdomen - he nui pola. A ma ka poe uuku huna i ka rectum a me ka bladder. Eia hou, aia no he uterus me appendages a me ka vagina i loko o nā wāhine. I na kanaka, i ka oihana i malama i ka prostate gland a me seminal vesicles.

Oko ao ma pelvic 'ole o na wahine a me na kanaka

ʻano nui oko ao i loko o ka 'ole o ka pelvic oihana aie i ka mea i kino i ka wahine i ka ua hakuloli a hiki i ka hanau ana o ke keiki. E like me ka pelvis, ole ui a me ka wahine sacrum (ke 'ole kiʻikuhi ua hōʻike i loko o kā mākou' atikala). He mea lehulehu a me ka emi uma.

Female pelvis he nui lehulehu a me ka pōkole. Eia hou kekahi, okoa a me ka lua: ka mea, ua i ka wahine hapa nui lehulehu, no ka mea, ma ia mau mea i ke keiki. A ma ka nahunahu hanau puka, piʻi pū. Sami Hip iwi i loko o na wahine i oi uma ma mua o nā kānaka.

functionality

kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka hina ma ka sacrum I ko makou kino. Hiʻona o ka 'ole ae ia, e hana i ka papa hana o ka hui, ka hoomaluia mai, a i aia i loko o ka pelvic lua. Akā, ma ka hou, ka mea, ua hoakaka ka sacrum pono kanaka iwi. Mahalo iā ia, i ka haawe holoʻokoʻa ua kōā kaulike haawi, o ka oi aku kona nui ka leo, e hina ia ka wā e hele ana. Mai ka vertebrae o ka sacrum koena, alaila, o ka papa Hawaii hana, e hiki ole.

muscular kahua

Sacral Oihana hiki ole pono hooko kona hana ole i ka Muscle pūʻulu.

• ohia;
• iliac;
• i pohā;
• gluteal.

Ka hoʻomaka o na piriformis Muscle hana ia iho sacrum ligaments a nui sciatic foramen. Ka mea, haalele mai na laulau kanaka o ke Muscle olona, a i laila, hui, a hoouna aku la i ka trochanter nui o ka uha iwi. Muscle hoʻolako ka hoʻokaʻa noi o ka hip-ami.

Sacrum iliac nāʻiʻo i hoʻomaka me na iwi, i mea kuleana no kona hoʻopaʻaʻia ma iliac lapa me ka fovea. A laila, i ka Muscle hele mai ai i ka hapa uuku trochanter o ka uha iwi. Kona kuleana pili i ka mea i flexion o ka lalo lala.

I pohā Muscle olona, i ka hooponopono ia i loko o na auwaha o ka sacrum, a he kuleana no anuenue i ka hoʻi hope.

Gluteal Muscle i hoʻomākaukauʻia originates mai ka iwi sacrum a me ka coccyx, me ka iliac. Hou olona, nae i ai i ka gluteal tuberosity. Ma ka sacral gluteus maximus o ka nui loa. Kona nuʻukia - keia kuapo a me flexion o ka lalo lala.

Koko lako sacral

No kaulike i ke kokuaia mai e Muscle olona, i ho'ākāka 'ia e ka' Oihana halawai kekahi mau moku koko. Ka 'ole o ka sacrum mea i ka ohia a me ka gluteal Muscle pūʻulu ke launa i ka mahuaola aie i ka gluteal artery ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau lālā.

Ma ka iliac Muscle olona, kupono iliopsoas artery. Eia hou, e komo ia haumāna a me ka artery, i ka wahī o ka hip-iwi. Lumbar arteries hoolako mana a hiki i ka Muscle hui i pohā.

nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale

Good hana Muscle 'ole mea hiki no i ke aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale. Activity ilium a piriformis Muscle pūʻulu noho mana ana ma ka lumbar a me ka sacral plexus. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ka hoʻoneʻe o kēlā me kēia ami. Pela no ka iliac puluniu kō ka lumbar plexus, he kanaka hoʻoponopono no piriformis nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale sacrum.

Ke 'ole ka loaʻa o ka breech sacrum plexus nā aʻalolo aeee i ka pāʻana i nā nāʻiʻo o ka mea ia inoa. No ka innervation multifidus Muscle pūʻulu kuleana spinal nā aʻalolo kaha.