Pedology - mea e maopopo i ka manaʻo o ka ...

Pedology - mea he 'epekema, hoʻohuiʻia nā hoʻokokoke mai o ka oihana lapaau, kālaimeaola, nā kiʻina aʻo, a psycho-i kūpono i ke kūpono' ana o ke keiki. ʻOiai ka manawa mea OOAOAaXUEIE, a ua loaa i ka waihona o ke keikiʻike manaʻo, ao pedological ki ina hana like o Kaʻahumanu noonoo ole waleʻepekema, akā, i ka poʻe ma waho o ka 'epekema honua.

moʻolelo

Pedology mōʻaukala hoʻomaka ma ke Komohana i loko o ka hopena o 19th kenekulia. Kona muli pili kēia ka pilina i ka mālama nui kūpono 'ana o ka pili i na lala o ka mana nā kiʻina aʻo a me kaʻike manaʻo. Pu ana o ke hoʻokokoke mai ia anatomical-physiological a liluwelo hanaia ma ka paedology mechanically. More kaʻoi loa, ka mea i dictated e ka luna ', hulina study o ka noʻonoʻo' ana o nā keiki, a me kā lākou hana.

Kaʻia "pedology" Ua hoʻolauna ma ka 'Amelika nä känaka' epekema-kanaka noiʻi Krismanom Oscar i ka MH 1853. Ka olelo Helene, o ka wehewehena Ua like "me ka 'epekema o na keiki" (Pedos - keiki, logos -' epekema, study).

headwaters

Nā hana mua ma pedology i kākau e 'Amelika psychologists GS Hall, J .. Baldwin a me physiologist W. Preyer. Ka mea, ku iho la ma ka kêia kanaka o developmentalʻike manaʻo , a hoakoakoa ae la i ka nui loa o empiricalʻikepili ma ke ana a me ka hana ana o na keiki. Kā lākou mau hana, ua hoʻokahuli aupuni ma na aoao, a lilo i kumu o ke keiki a me ka developmentalʻike manaʻo.

ma Rusia

I ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, he hou 'epekemaʻikena komo i loko o Rusia (laila ka USSR) a loaa ka pono sequel i loko o nā hana psychiatrist a me ka reflexology VM Spondylitis, psychologist AP Nechayev, physiologist E. Moymana pathologists a me ka GI Rossolimo. Kēlā me kēia no ia ma ka mana o ka lakou oihana i ho'āʻo i ka wehewehe, a formulate i nā kānāwai o ke keiki? Acaeoey a me kāu kiʻina hana o kona e hooponopono.

Pedology ma Rusia loaa mea hiki laulā: weheia pedological institutes a "Children ka House" (Moscow), he helu o ka hana kūikawā papa. Nā kula 'ana i mālama manaʻoʻike ikea ai, o ka hopena o ka i papa o ka lako a mai ai. Ka like o ka childʻike manaʻo i pili alakaʻi o psychologists, physiologists, kauka a me na kumu o ka aina. i hana i keia me ka AIM o ka hulina study o ke keiki? acaeoey. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea hana ua ole loa ho'āpono aku i ka mea.

Ma ka 20 la makahiki ma ka Lūkini pedology - keia nui scientific neʻeʻana, akā,ʻaʻole i ka luna '' epekema. I ka papa kuhikuhiE keʻakeʻa nei no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka ike ana o ke keiki ua ka nele o ka ka mua Ka Ikepili o na ki ina hana like o ka 'epekema, e i kēia luna'.

hewa

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhihewa o ka Soviet pedologists noʻonoʻo pono i underestimation o ke kūlana o ka hereditary aʻe i loko o ke ana o nā keiki a me kā lākou mau keiki ma ka shaping na personalities o ka nohona kaiapuni. Ma ka mea hiki ke ano i ka 'epekema aohe ahailono, nā ka pela, a me ka hoʻohana' ana o ke akamai o Kaoleioku.

Ma na 30s a pau mā i ua kiʻekiʻe o? Ee, a me ka Soviet pedology hoomaka ana o ka oi ka paulele a me ka manaʻoi ala. Naʻe, i ka 1936 ua lilo i "feria-epekema", objectionable kālai'āina nenoaiu. Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ho okolohua pelupelu ia, pedological Keʻena paa. Ikea ai o ka papa hana o ka pedological, ka mea, ua kūlana ma ka hoʻonaʻauao hana. Mai ka hopena o ka hapanui o na keiki huli mai e e hāʻawi lokomaikaʻiʻia kahuna, 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko a me ka "popopo" intelligentsia, ma mua o ka proletariat. A o ka mea, ua i hana maʻalahi me ka aoao ideology. A hooulu ana i na keiki hoi i ka mea kahiko pepa, i alakaiia'ku e stagnation ma o ka hoʻonaʻauao nenoaiu.

Nā loina o ka pedology

? Ac? O pedology ma Rusia alaila kuu aku la i kekahi mau hualoaʻa, ka mea i hana i ka kumu oʻepekema kumu:

• Pedology - he holistic ike ana o ke keiki. Mai keia oihana, ka mea, ua manaoia ole "piecemeal", a me ka mau, i ka mea ia manawa like o ka hanaia ana o liluwelo, ka nohona, manaʻoʻike, etc. A pau, ao ke ano o kona kuka nei lakou i interrelated a intertwined i kekahi i kekahi. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole pono ke jumble o nāʻikepili a me compilation o ka pololeiʻimi naʻauao nenoai a me epekema.
• Kekahi hiʻona'āina i nā pedologists aaiaoe rula. Ua Ua 'Imi? Anoee psychologist ls Vygotsky. Ma ke kumu hoohalike o ke keiki ka egocentric'ōlelo ( "olelo hua kani"),ʻo ia i ho'āʻo i sophomoric paha "namunamu ihola ma lalo o kona hanu," o ka mua kahua o na olelo, a me kanaka manaʻo. Aaiaoe rula hōʻike i ka prevalence o ka kŰia.
• Ke kolu o ka rula - i ke ao o ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi - e hooiaio i ka nohona a puni, a me ke ola ho ololi i nui ka manaʻoʻike kūpono' ana o ke keiki a me ka anthropomorphic. No laila, malama ole paha oolea o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, malnutrition pili i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka physiological ola ana o ke keiki.
• I ka ha o ka rula o ka mea hiki manaʻo nui o ka pedology - ke hoʻololi mai i ke ao nei mai o ke keiki ke aʻo 'ana i ka hoʻololi' ana i ia. Ma keia pili ia i hana pedological kūkā, kūkākūkā me na makua, manaʻoʻikeʻike, o na keiki.

Pedology - he luna 'epekema, no laila, i ka nānā' ana kona loina ma luna o ka hulina study o ke keiki. ʻike manaʻo a me ka pedology loa, ua hōʻike 'ia me kekahi' ē aʻe, ka lua ia auoiaea o ka mua o Mei. Nolaila, Hoʻohaku ma ka pedology nō lawelawe 'ana i ka manaʻoʻike kēia lākiō.

Mai na 50s i ka manaʻo o ka hapa 'ia' pedology hoomaka ae la e hoʻi i ka nā kiʻina aʻo a me kaʻike manaʻo. A me ka 20 makahiki ma hope ka mea, hoomaka ae la ka hana hoʻonaʻauao hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoao ana ma luna o ka' imi naʻauao 'ana o ke keiki.