Ke Amber Room i loko o ka Ana Palace (Pushkin)

Unusually hana hoihoi a me ka nani o ka Amber Room i loko o ka Ana Palace. Ua hiki deservedly kapa i ka mana o ka malamalama. Ka muli o kēia hanana kahua fanned e kaʻao a me kaao. Akā, i ka nalowaleʻana o kēia masterpiece i ka manawa o ke kaua no hoohaunaele oia nei i ka manaʻo. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ke Amber Room i mālama i ke ola. Ma keia 'atikala, ua wehewehe mai i ka au mamuli e pili ana i kona mōʻaukala, a me e pili ana i kahi o ka Ana Palace, ka Amber Room i ke aupuni'. Balota kala a me ka wehe hola o ka iau, mai kēia 'atikala e hiki no hoi aʻo.

Prussian manawa

Prussian na'lii poe koho o Brandenburg (Prussia Ua noʻonoʻo me he kikowaena kaulana o Amber maalea ma Europe) mai ka 1618 i mau makana i nā luna i lilo i ka moolelo hoi, e haawi aku i ka Amber o ke "gula" o ka Baltic kai me ka mea i kapaʻia. He aha mea e ulu ana i kēia pōhaku aaioee oe hoʻomaka koke, a me kekahi o kona kuahiwi, a lilo iho la ia i ka Amber Room. Ua Ua hanaia ma ka heyday o ka Prussian a me ka Kelemānia nō me ka a pau,ʻo ia, ma ka huli ana o ka XVII a me ka XVIII kenekulia.

Poe koho Frederick III (na makahiki o ka noho alii ana -. 1657-1713 yy) i ka 1701 i i ka? Aeiino? Oeoey o ko lākou mau kumukuai, a me ka pau o ka noho aliʻi - ka a pau luna o ka hale pili i ka XVI-XVII kenekulia. Aha kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o King I. F. Eozander i suburban e noho ai o ka hale aliʻi i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kumu hoʻohālike o Versailles. Kēia manawa, ka mea, ua ikeia e ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hana Amber Room papahana. Littsenburg a me Oranienburg, elua o ka hale alii o ke alii o Prussia, a ua pili i ka hopena o ka Amber Room mai ka 1707 ua lilo i wahi Eozandera hanana. Mua, o ka Amber Room i papahana no ka mea hoʻonani o ka pā kaua Littsenburg. Iloko o ke ola ana o kaʻohana aliʻi i i ike i ka lumi piha. I ka hana i loko o 1709 no ka piha kowali. Ma ka manawa ua make Sophia Charlotte (ma 1705). Frederick au manao e hooki aku i ka papahana a decorate me Panel o ka Amber gale i loko o ka hale aliʻi o kona hoa - Oranienburg. Loa paha, hoʻoholo ihola ke aliʻi, e hooki aku i ka hana, e malama i ka hale alii Littsenburg, i ka noho ana o kana wahine, e like me ia i noho ai ka wā o kona ola ana. Nā paia o ke keʻena, a i manao e hoonoho i ka Amber Panel, hoʻonaniʻia i ke gula kaula a me ka damask. A me kēia lā i loko o Littsenburg Palace ke mahalo i ka Red damastovoy make up. I mea e hoomanao ai no Queen Sophia Charlotte, i kapaʻia kēia hale Charlottenburg.

A laila, aʻo i ke alii Eozanderu mahuahua Palace ma Oranienburg, ka hoʻokuʻi i ka Amber Gallery 30 mika, no ka oi kona nui palapala kikoo. Eia naʻe, manaʻo huhū mālama nui hana, keia gale ia i pau i ke ola o Frederick I, ka mea i make i ka 1713.

Gift ia Peter I

Russian Emperor ua lealea i ka hana Eozandera, a i ole malu o kona makemake, e i ia i ka hana o ka no oe ma ko lakou aina. Frederick William I, ke alii o ka hooilina (makahiki o ke ola - 1688-1740, i ka Papa - mai 1713), hoʻolauna ma ka'āina ikaika koʻikoʻii kona AIM ua mea hiki ana, a ua hoʻoholo e hooki aku i ka pipiʻi hana i loko o nā hale aliʻi o kona makua kāne. Akā, i ka undisguisedʻoliʻoli o na hoaai ua paipaiʻia ia i ka mauna o ka Amber Panel i loko o ka oihana e pili ana i ka Pelelina moku'āina keena o ke aliʻi hale käkela. Ka mea, ua ka mea wale pdtverzhdenny mea noho i loko o Pelelina keia masterpiece e e hoouna aku ai i ka Lūkini kapikala, St. Petersburg.

Peter I i ke ola o Frederick I kino nānā 'ia ai i ka panel i ka Amber Gallery, ma o kona hele aku la io Pelelina. I Nowemapa 1716, ma ka halawai ana me kana keiki, e paa ana ia no ka pono o ka kuikahi ma waena o Rusia a me Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm au i haawi aku i ka Auguseto pipiʻi makana, i waena o ka mea i helu a me ka Amber Room. 13 January 1717 Ka Amber Room i lawe mai ai i St. Petersburg i 18 pahu, a, ma ka hou a hiki i ka pau Panel he he nui helu i ke koena ai i mua i hoʻohana.

Hoike e pili ana i kahi Tsar Peter au manaʻo e hoʻouka mau Panel, ua ola, no laila, i ka mea mahuʻi i kona i manaoia hoʻohana i loko o ke Keena Kalaiaina o ka Winter Palace i unfounded.

Amber Room i ka noho alii ana o Elizabeth

I ka 1743, o ka Emperor ka kaikamahine Elizaveta Petrovna ma hope o ka piʻiʻana i ka nohoalii hai aku, e kau mai i ka makana i loko o ka hou wale nō e noho ai - Ekolu Winter Palace. E lawe mai i ka hana o Italian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone A. Martelli i kono. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o kekahi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nui - F. B. Rastrelli - mua i ka 1746 i ikeia'ku Hoopahaohaoia iho la ia Amber Room ma ka Winter Palace. Naʻe, i kekahi mau oihana mua o ka hou Kalaiaina ua nalowale kekahi, no laila, hoʻoholo ihola Rastrelli e hookupaa nui ae i ka aniani pilasters, a hookomo nā Panel, pena "no ka Amber". I ka 1745, King o Prussia, Frederick II i Russian Empress kekahi hooko ana o ka papahana A. Reich Amber wahi ponoi, ma ka mea hoʻonani i hoʻohana motifs a me allegories me ka hoonani aku i ka nui loa o Elizabeth. I ka 1746 o ka Amber Room i hoʻohana 'ia no kūhelu? Eaia, nae ka mea na manawa he nui iloko o ka hai? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka Winter Palace Ua hoolilo mai wahi aku ia wahi aku.

Ke Amber Room i loko o ka Ana Palace

12 makahiki ma hope, i loko o June 1755, ka mua ma Tsarskoye Selo ma kauoha o Empress hoʻomaka e e hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Rastrelli Amber Room (kahi o ka Ana Palace, i keia la a pau ke ike). No laila, he au hou o keia masterpiece o ka nani i loko o Rusia, a mau ae la ia ma kahi o elua haneri makahiki.

Dvortsovy kaawale ae no ka mea, ua lilo ka wahi o ka 96ʻahā like mika, a ua 'ano oi aku ma mua o ka nui o ka mua keena. No laila, ua kauʻia i nā Panel ma ka waena pae i ekolu paia, a ua kaawale ma pilasters me nā aniani keleawe a me na papakaukau, i ke kalakalaiʻana. Where ka Amber i nele, i uhiʻia i nā paia o ke keʻena me ka canvas a me ka hoʻonaniʻia me ka pena "ma Amber" ma ka artist I. I. Velskim. Rastrelli brilliantly Makuakane me kona hana, 'ō ka nani keleawe kukui Kalaiaina, palena pena, na papakaukau, i ke kalakalaiʻana, aniani keleawe a me ka parquet mea papa hele mai kekahi laau maikai.

mawaena konu o ka palena hoʻonaniʻia me ka nui nui pena ma ka ike ole artist mai Venice XVIII kenekulia, no ko ka naʻauao, e malama i ka Hana, mai na hoowalewale o ke aloha.

Ka kikowaena ke kahua, he 8 vertical Panel, o ka i eha i ua waiho mosaic o nā pōpō nā pōhaku, i ma Florence i loko o nā 1750s, vividly depicting ka elima kumu makaukau: lohe, maka, nano, hoao aku la, a me ka honi.

Amber Room o ka Ana Palace i ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa hoanmike. Ua hoike no ka Chinese porcelain, a'ānoninoni i Lūkini hana. Ka Amber Room Ua mālama a me kekahi o ka nui i hoiliili ole o ka Amber Jewelry ma Europa, a ho'ōla nō ia i ka iau o Amber 'ikamu, ma ka mea, he Mū Kākela, nā lātike a me hoʻoiho.

Personal 'ikamu no kaʻohana aliʻi

Mai ka waena o ka XVIII kenekulia ma Tsarskoye Selo, kahi i ia manawa, ua upscale haku Amber aaioee hoomaka ae la e hiki mai Kamertsalmeysterskoy pantry e hana hou i kekahiʻano o nā 'ikamu i pili i nā lālā o kaʻohana aliʻi. Nā palapala i hōʻike mai ia i ka 1765 i lawe mai nei, e hana hou i oi aku mamua o 70 huahana mai keia pohaku, i waena o ka poʻe i nā kanaka o ka cult (crucifixes a me nā keʻa), lako (postavtsa, cabinets a me na keena mehameha), a me ko ka hale ona mau. A kūikawā pūʻulu o na mea o ka manawa Elizabeth e papaʻaina nā mea hoʻonani, i loko o ka palapala o ka lau e poholo me ka acanthus lau a me baroque volute. A pau o ia i hoʻonaniʻia i ke kalakalaiʻana. Mau huahana paha hoʻonaniʻia aha lealea papaʻaina Empress Elizabeth i ka? Eaia.

Amber Room i ka noho alii ana o Ana II

I ka 1763, Empress Ana II palapala i kauoha aku e like me ka mea a na canvases a pau pena "ma Amber" he ia e auou caiaiai me ka mosaic o Amber. Ma ka hana nui ia i 4 makahiki a me 450 kilograms o ka pōhaku. I ka 1770, hana i pau.

By kauoha o Ana II, e uku hou hoʻolohe i ke kūpono 'ana o kaʻoihana a hana i loko o Rusia, o ka Amber Room inā ma masterpieces lehulehu o ka oihana.

E like me ka papa ohi ia e D. Grigorovich, i ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia i loko o ka pā kaua, aia ua he nui ka nui o ka lako, ka hapanui waina a me ka papa. Holo nōhie ka mea, ua o Farani. i ole, ua haawiia mai Where manufacturing kekahi wahi, loa paha ka mea, ua he Lūkini huahana. Kekahi o nā ho'āʻoʻia, pahu o ka poe huki, Ua maopopo hana hoihoi. Kona hana hopena, a paʻa iā ia umauma o loa hana hoihoi. Iloko o ka Apana World War, ka mea i waihoʻia i loko o ka hale aliʻi, a lawe ia Kelemania komohewa, a me kekahi hapa keneturia ma hope kekahi o laua, a hoi i ko lakou mau palapala henua. I ka mālama '-kaua kiʻi o ka Amber Room i nā umauma i kākau, ka mea, i kekahi hui pū i loko o ka Moʻolako o ka iau i loko o 1938-1940. Hoi kauwahi o kaʻoihana a ua hoailono aku la, a hoʻopili like me ka helu, mai ka helu mahina palapala o ka pā kaua. Ma ka 1990s, i loaʻa i ka pahu i loko o Pelelina, i loko o ke kula ohi, a ua kuai lilo mai, mai ka mea nana ka waiwai ma luna o ka Initiative o ke Magazine "Spiegel", a me ka hope, i ka makahiki 2000, hoopaa iho i ka masterpiece o ka Amber Room o ka Ana Palace (Pushkin). Umauma o ka poe huki, ma ka hou ana i kona hana hoihoi naue like ka 'ike i loko ona iho, e like me he kumu o kekahi o na hana mua o kaʻoihana a hana i loko o Rusia ma Eia kekahi laʻana o Palani huahana pili i ka 1760 la makahiki.

Mai na fluctuations nui ma ka wela, kikoo a me stoveheating luku Amber, Ua lawe mai waleʻekolu manawa i loko o ka XIX kenekulia hoihoi hou ia ana o ka Amber Room.

Ke kiʻi o ka Amber Room

I ka 1907, ka Lumière hoahanau hua mai la ka mua plastinki- "autochromes" ma ka ulu i ka ekolu-waihoʻoluʻu mosaic kumu. O lakou kekahi o ka muaʻano kiʻi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka For. I ka 1917 Lukomsky, ke poo o ke akamai-mōʻaukala Komisina, ka mea i hana i loko o ka hale aliʻi, i haawiia ae e lawe mai pana i loko o nā hale aliʻi o Tsarskoye Selo. Me? Oaony e lawe aku, a ma Pushkin Ana Palace, ka Amber Room i kekahi e e paʻi kiʻi pū i. He mea pono e ho okumu ana i catalogs o ka iau ho'āʻoʻia. Pana i alakaʻi AA Zeestom. Ke Ana Palace kiʻi i laweʻia i loko o June, a me ka Alexander - mai August 14, 1917, i ka hope Russian Emperor Rotehama II, a me kona 'ohana i hoouna koke ma hope i Tobolsk. PK Lukomsky 11 October 1917 loaa 140 pana pua aku makou, kekahi o i i pio, a me ka Amber Room i loko o ka Ana Palace. Up a 1941, oia o ka mea wale waihoʻoluʻu kona kiʻi.

I nā makahiki 1933-1935 na hana uuku o ka hoihoi hou ia ana lawe sculptor I. Krestovsky.

lilo o ke Keena Kalaiaina

I ke kauwela o 1941 ia i? Oaony he Kiure masterpiece o ka hoihoi hou ia ana, akā, na Great Patriotic War Hāʻule maila kona manaʻo. Amber Room makemake e evacuated, i mosaics Ua uhiʻia me ka lahilahi ahu iho la ka ka kūikawā 'aʻaʻa pepa. Akā, i ka hookolokolo ana ana o ka panel hoike mai ia Amber popopo. Ka mea, ua nui loa nui e malama i looting ka Ana Palace. Ke Amber Room, kona kumukuai i Ua hele ana no hoi, alahula mau, oiaio no, he ia e hūnāʻia mai o ka poʻe komohewa. Nolaila, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hookauwa aku kona e ho'ōla nō. Panel ka leki gauze kapa, hopu iho la i ka poi o ke kûlana, a uhi ia me ka lāʻau papa.

I ka wā o ka Amber Room (Ana Palace, Pushkin) i hooukaia mai e Kelemānia koa, i waena o ka mea a ua hui hoʻomalu ma ka mea hoʻolilo o ke akamai waiwai, i wehe 'ia, a hoouna aku la ia i kekahi Konigsberg panel.

Aia ka mea, ua hiki i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 1945. E like me ka mea Kelemānia Nupepa "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", ke manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Alfred e holo ai, November 13, 1941 i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka exhibition o nā pōhaku makamae, a me kekahi mau oihana mua o ka mea hoʻonani o ka Amber Room (hālau a ma ka palekana wahi) i loko o ka Prussian Art Museum. I ka makahiki 1944, ka wā o kēia haole Kelemānia a hoʻi akula hoʻi panel dismantled, piha i pahu, a hoouna aku la i ka ike ana. Mai laila, ke Amber Room koe nalowale.

hou masterpiece

I ka 1979 o ka 'Aha o Kuhina o ka RSFSR, ka mea i hoʻoholo ai i ka Mokuna i ka Amber Panel.

I ka makahiki 1983, i ke kiʻi a me ka maikaʻi 'ole o ka Amber Room i loko o ka Ana Palace hoomaka ana o ka hou o ke kumuhana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone A. A. Kedrinskogo. I ka 1994, ua hoʻokumu ka mua panel ma ka lalo pae, a me ka oi hana ma luna o ka "Hawaii" mosaic Ua pau nā makahiki ma hope. I 'Apelila 2000, i ka iau hoi i loaʻa i loko o Germany mea nana i malama Lūkini, a mosaic hana "nano a me ka honi" mea, he mau hapa o ka mea hoʻonani o ka lumi.

Ma June 2003, ma ka hanohano o ka St. Petersburg tercentenary ma Pushkin (Ana Palace) Ua weheia ka Amber Room i ka lehulehu. Ke kūikawā Ua hele ia e nā alakaʻi Lūkini a me ka Kelemānia. Ke hana, a mau ae la ia 24 o kona mau makahiki, ua pau. A hou manawa ma ka moolelo o keia hana nui o ke akamai!

Ka Amber Room (Ana Palace): kahi, oaka ae la na hora

Pushkin, ma i ka iau ua noho ai, ua ke aupuni '25 kilomika mai St. Petersburg.

Currently, Ana Palace (Amber Room) Ua hamama kela la i keia mai ka 10 a hiki i 17 hola, i ka wale lā aku - Poalua a me na hope Poakahi o ka mahina i ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe lā.

I ke kau, lawe mai hana o ka oo? Pūʻulu a me kūhelu nāʻaha huiʻelele mai ka 10 a hiki i 16 hola, a mai ka 16 a hiki i 17 - i ka puka no ka balota no kanaka malihini. Inā loaʻa nō i hana mau pūʻulu, hana kanaka malihini ke i lawe wahi i kekahi manawa. Balota ka mea, i mālama '-kuai lilo aku, ka mea pono ke kuai i ka pahu office, Aia i loko o ka hoʻopaipai o ka Palace (Pushkin, Tsarskoye Selo, Ana Palace).

Ke Amber Room, he makaikai i ka noa o ka malama, e kaumaha ana nā ho'ēmi kālā no kekahi mau waeʻano o ka heluna kanaka. Ke'ī mai, i ka lilo o ka balota no nā mākua, he 400 rubles, a no nā haumāna o Lūkini kulanui, e like me pensioners o ka Russian Hui, a Belarus - 300 rubles. Mau balota kumukūʻai e hoonoho Ana Palace. Ka huakaʻi ma nā keʻena (Amber Room me) ua kauoha kaawale.