Ke kama'ilio nei i ka Pūnaewele: nā'ano a me nā kumuhana o ka hana

I mea e kuhikuhi i kēlā kanaka kamepiula i pili i ka Internet, ka mea i ulu he kūikawā nenoaiu o kamaʻilio. 'Elua'ano o ka'ānena pūnaewele: helu (IP addressing) a me ke'ano. Ke noho nei kēia mau pūnaewele'elua i ka like. Ho'ohana'ia ka helu kuhi helu e nā mīkini, e like me ka po'e. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,'oi aku ka ma'alahi o ke kanaka e ho'omana'o a ho'ākāka i nā hō'ailona (mau leka) ma mua o nā helu.

Kekahi kamepiula i pili i ka Internet mai he IP wahi (pōkole no ka Internet Hola Pūnaewele), a he eha helu i hookaawale ia e kiko kona kiʻi (HHH.HHH.HHH.HHH). 'O ka'ike i hō'ike'ia ma kēia palapala e ho'omaopopo piha i ka helu o ka lolouila. 'O nā helu a pau mai ka'umi a hiki i ka 255.'O kēia kūkā'ana ma ka Pūnaewele ua lawa ia e ho'opili ai i nā'elepa kālā'ehā.

Oiai ka World laulā Web oia no ka uuku helu o nā mea kūʻai mai, ka mīkini nenoaia ua maikai lawa, akā, kona palena manawa, e hoʻohana i kēia kumu hoʻohālike i ke koikoi. A me ka mea i hooholoia, e hoʻohana i ka laua DNS kikowaena ka inoa'ōnaehana (mai ka English Domain Name System). No kēia kumuhana, he kuleana kekahi o nā kānaka no ka hā'awi'ana i nā inoa inoa'ole i nā mea ho'ohana i kekahi mahele. 'A'ole kahi pūnaewele mālama pūnaewele ma ka honua, akā, aia nā hui e nānā a koho i nā helu: pono'ole ka inoa o ka papahana o ka computer a hahai i kēia mau hui. 'O ka pane'ana i ka pūnaewele me nā inoa'āina i kēia lā ka laha loa.

'O ka inoa o ka computer e hiki ke komo i kekahi mau kikowaena nui, akā nui ka hapa nui mai nā helu'elua a me ka'elima, i ho'oka'awale'ia kekahi e kekahi kiko (e like me, tvka.ivno.ru. or www.companys.com). 'O kekahi mau'ano pilina like me nā leka uila. No ka ho'ouna'ana i kahi leka i ka mea pono, e hō'ike mua i ka'āina, a laila ka'āina, ka'āpana, nā wahi, ke alanui, a me ka inoa pono'ī. Ho'onohonoho'ia kekahi'ano papahana like'ole i ka Pūnaewele: aia ma ka'ao'ao'ākau ka papa o ke po'o mua (ki'eki'e), a ma hope o nā inoa kikowaena papahana e ho'ohui a hana i kahi inoa kikowaena. 'O ka inoa o ka pae ki'eki'e loa ma ka'ākau e halihali ana i ka'ike e pili ana i ka wahi o ka'ōpona (.ru - Rusia, .by - Belarus, .ua - Ukraine, a me nā mea'ē a'e) ai'ole e pili ana i ke kumuhana (.gov - Nā kūkulu aupuni; .com - nā'oihana pā'oihana; .org - nā'oihana waiwai'ole; .edu - nā'oihana ho'ona'auao, a me nā mea'ē a'e). Akā,'a'ole mālama mau nā mea o ka pae'āina i ka hō'ulu'ulu'ia i'āpono'ia, a ma ka'āpana .RU e hiki paha ke lilo i Belarusian, Kazakh, ai'ole kekahi wahi'ē a'e.

I kēia lā, nui nā'ōlelo ma ka pūnaewele e hiki'ole ke no'ono'o i kahi waihona'ikepili i hiki ke komo i nā wahi a pau, no laila ua kūkulu'ia kahi protocol e huli nei no ka inoa i hā'awi'ia. No ka hana'ana i kēia, ua ho'okomo'ia kahi papahana kūikawā ma ka kikowaena o ka mea ho'opuka, kahi i ho'ololi'ia ai nā inoa kikowaena DNS i kahi helu IP. A laila, i ke kikowaena huli, e hale kūʻai 'ike ma luna o ka makemake paena a IePOIeXUE. 'O ka'oia'i'o, he hana pa'akikī kēia: ua nui nā māka'i ma ka pūnaewele. No ka ho'oikaika'ana i ka hulina, e ho'ohana i nā po'omana'o holo'oko'a honua (mai ka Universal Resource Locator). Aia ka mea pehipe'a i ka'ike e pili ana i ke ka'ina hana e pono ke ho'ohana'ia i ka huli'ana i ka helu wahi, pono ka polokalamu huli a me ka faila i loko o ka'ike i makemake'ia, kahi e ma'alahi ai ka huli'ana i kahi kahua.