Knut Hamsun: Kawaihae a me na hana

Knut Hamsun - he kaulana Norewai kākau moʻolelo impressionist, playwright, haku mele, a me ka palapala, ai 'essayist manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. I ka 1920, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka Nobel lua no kona puke "Land Piʻihonua".

kamaliʻi

Knut Hamsun i hānau i loko o Lome (District Central Norway). Kona mau makua (Peder Pedersen a me Tora Oldsdatter) i noho ai ma luna o kekahi mea uuku aina i loko o Garmutrete. Ma Hamsun, he mau kaikuahine, a ekolu kaikuaana.

I kona ua 3 makahiki, ua neʻe maila i ka ohana a pau a hiki i Hamar. Aia ka mea, i? Ieaoa i ka aina, mai Hans Olsen (Hamsun ka makua kāne ma luna o kona makuwahine). Ka mea e hiki mai ana eono makahiki o ke ola ana o ka mea kākau i wahi i loko o ka idyllic lewa:ʻo ia poʻe bipi, bipi a mau mahalo i ka nani o na mauna hau-capped a me ka Norewai fjords.

Aina Hawaii i pau ai no ka ohana aie ka noho luhi ana, a me ka 9-makahiki-kahiko Knut hele aku e hana ia no kona makua kāne. He ua he kanaka haipule ka poe i ole haawi aku ia ia i ka ai, a me ka pinepine pepehi hou. I ka makahiki 1873, maluhiluhi o ka hainā, ka kona holo ana a hiki i ke kokoke kulanakauhale, akā, hoi mai la o ka makahiki ma hope, a loaa i ka 'oihana i loko o ka kūloko Shop.

Ka mua apana

I ka 1875, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio nei i ka hele salesman. I kona ua hānai mai me kaʻoihana, Knut Hamsun papani iho la i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Buda, a i ka hope shoemaker. Ua i laila mea, ua palapala mai o kona mua puke "pohihihi Man". Ua Ua paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1877, ka wā i makahiki 18 makahiki i ke keiki.

Ma hope o ka makahiki, ao mai la Hamsun ma ke kula, a laila, hoʻoholo, e lilo i Hope makai nui Aha. I kona waihona, oia halawai me na hana o ka Scandinavian moʻolelo e like me Henrik Ibsen, Bernstern Bjornson, etc. I ka 1878, Knut ua hookuu ia ka puke "Burger", ma ka papa kuhikuhiE ano kākau poem e pili ana i kona paakiki ola. Naʻe, i ka nani o ia mea, aole ia i hana, a me ka i lawekahikiʻia kala mai nurlanskogo Kalepa, hele aku la ia i Oslo. Ma mahope makahiki, he kanaka'ōpiopio squanders a pau i ke dala, no ka mea, hiki ole e kala ke kākau 'ana. E like me ka hopena, Knut Hamsun i ke alanui hana.

Neʻe maila i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me ka maʻi

I ka 1882, e lawe ana i ka palapala mai ka influential Norewai nā meaʻeʻe moku, i ke kanaka opiopio i hele ai i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Akā, me kona mau hoahānau,ʻaʻole i lawa ka, a me ka la ia e hoʻokele e kiʻi i kekahi wahi hana ma Hawaii. Ma hope, i aku la ia me kona mau secretaries Norewai kahuna hai euanelio, mai Hawaii. Here Hamsun seriously maʻi. Kauka ua hoʻoholo ihola i ia mea tuberculosis, akā, i kaʻike, i ole hookupaa iho la ia.

I ka 1884, hoi aku la oia a hiki i Oslo kahi na symptoms a pau o ka maʻi (paha bronchitis) i nalowale. Here ia i kākau e pili ana i ka hana o Mark Twain ma lalo o ka inoa Knut Gamsund (hope "E" Ua oki ia nei ma muli o ia i ka typographical hewa). Akā, i kona palapala, ai '' oihana i i hoʻokomo mai. Mea kākau au i na ino, a ma ka 1886 hou holo ÿana i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia (Chicago), kahi ia i mua hana me ke alakaʻi mele, a ma ke kauwela popopo i loko o nā kula o North Dakota.

Ka mua pomaikai

Mohai i ke ola a me ka palapala, ai 'hoao aku, o ka mea kākau hoike i Europa (Copenhagen) a me ka hōʻike kekahi o na hana o Edvard Brandes hoʻoili - o ka hoʻoponopono o ka Nupepa i kela la. A me haggard mea kākau, a me ka excerpt mai o ka moʻolelo i ka ikaika manaʻo ma Edward. I ka 1890 o ka puke i paʻiʻia ma Copenhagen, ma o ka uhi ana o i hulaʻana i nā hua'ōlelo "Knut Hamsun" pololi "." Kēia moʻolelo i headlines, a kau akula i ka mea kākau o ka inoa maikaʻi like me ka nui kākau moʻolelo.

Puke "pololi"

Ma keia hana, Knut hoole i wale ma na mooolelo o accusatory realism ano o Scandinavian Ana Aina, akā, no hoi ma ka maʻamau ma ka manawa o ka manaʻo i moʻokalaleo e hoʻoikaika i nā kūlana o kanaka ola. I mea, o ka hanaʻaʻohe moʻolelo a me ka'ōlelo i ka moʻolelo o ke kanaka'ōpiopio, e noho ana i loko o Oslo, a moe hou iho nei o ka lilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Pono, o ka papa, i ka moʻolelo autobiographical a me ka prototype o ka protagonist - Knut Hamsun. "Pololi" Ua loaa rave hōʻike manaʻo, mai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. No ka laʻana, Alrik Gustafson kākau ihola: "UaʻO e like Dostoevsky ka meʻe, i mea maʻi i loko o ke kino a me ka uhane, haha aku i ka nahu kuakoko, o ka pololi, aʻo ia i kona pā ola he ana hallucination."

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka huina hoonui poino ole wale mai i ka nele o ka ai, akā, no hoi, mai ka nele o ka nohona ka leo, hikiʻole i ka pakiko-i kona a me ka moe'ōhumu mai. Ka paulele o kona ano akamai, oia ka makemake o nā e nonoi aku ma mua o ka haʻalele i nā moe a me ka 'iʻini ma. Ua nui manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i palapala i ka meʻe o ko lākou mau ku e antihero mua mai i ka moʻokalaleo o ka 20th kenekulia. Ma ke ala, i ka moʻolelo mea nō loa mahalo. Keia ua mea e hoikeike ma ke alapine (frequency) kiʻekiʻe o ka huli hulina, ka wā kanaka huli no "ka pololi" (puke). Knut Hamsun uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka 21st kenekulia.

Ulu ka kona mau manaʻo

No emi nui o ka mea i loko o kona mua holomua huina hoonui o ka mea kākau moʻolelo nui ana i kēia kaila. "Pololi" Ua kākau i loko o pōkole a me ka capacious nä hopuna. A ike a me ka mōakāka ka wehewehena ka noonoo e interspersed me ka manaʻoi a me ka pilikino. E pili ana i ka "pōloli" Ua coincided me ka manawa ia Strindberg, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer a me Hartmann Koi, e hoʻolohe i ka unconscious koa e hoomalu kanaka.

Iho pilikino manaʻo o Knut Hamsun ka Ana Aina, he ohi o ka pepa (essay) i hiki ke kuai lilo mai i loko o aneane kekahi poʻokela, ua kālaiʻia i loko o ka (essay) ia "Mai ka subconscious ola o ka uhane." Kēia hana iʻikeʻia i loko o ka ia makahiki like me ka "pololi." Ma ka mea, o ka mea kākau haalele i ka Pahuhopu ano o ka Ana Aina, a kaumaha aku i ka noiʻi i ka "ana o ka uhane i loko o ke keʻena kihi o ka subconscious, a kālailai i ka chaos o nā manaʻo."

Ke lua a me ke kolu o Science

Ka lua o ka holomua huahana i kakau iho Knut Hamsun - "Nei." Ka puke e haʻi o ka quack, hōʻike 'ia ma ke kahakai kauhale, a, heʻe piʻoloke ihola nā kānaka o na hana. E like me ka "pololi", ka mea kākau moʻolelo hou-hoʻohana pilikino iaoia, a me ka mea hana pono loa, ina o ka puke o ka hiʻona.

"Ipu", paʻi i ka 1894, lilo i ke kolu o ka holomua Awaits haku ai. kakau iho la Knut Hamsun, kona Kawaihae ua piha o nā hanana, kona mau memoirs i loko o ka palapala o ke Thomas Glan. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano ka malihini i ka makaainana ola, aʻo ia ke ola ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o Nordland, komo i loko o ka lawaia a me ka imi mea hihiu ana. By analogy me Rousseau, ka mea kākau i makemake ai, e hōʻike i ka cult o ke 'ano a me ka hypersensitive uhane. Euphoria protagonist Knut kaheaia ma ka sublime ano o ke 'ano a me ka ho'āʻo e kuhikuhi i kona kino me ka nurlanskoy kauhale. Ahi kuko no ka Edward Thomas, bratty, kaili kaikamahine o ke kālepa, hana i loko o kona naʻau i ka maoli mea naʻau chaos, a ultimately hele aku ai he pepehi anaʻia iā iho.

Ka ha o ka puke

Ha monumental hana i Knut Hamsun kākau ihola - "Piʻihonua o ka honua" (paʻiʻia i ka 1917). Ma ka puke ia Hōʻike 'i ka lewa o ka 1911, ka wā o ka mea kākau moʻolelo nee aku, e noho ma ka aina, a ua i loko o ka mokuāhana, mai kaiāulu. Palapala me ka nui aloha e pili ana i ke ola o nā Norewai kauwa Inger a me Isak, ka mea, hoʻowahāwahā i nā pilikia a pau i Ua hiki ke noho ua malama pono wau i ka patriarchal mau mooolelo a me ka hoʻolaʻaʻana i ko lākou'āina. I ka 1920 ka mea, ua i hookoia no ka hana ana i ka Nobel uku.

He nui nā manaʻo i ka mea, hoʻokahi hou puke, ka mea i kākau Knut Hamsun - ". Ka hua o ka honua" I ka mea, ka mea e kuhihewa. O pono he okoa unuhi o ka palapala Norewai inoa "wai o ka honua."

Support Nazism

Me ka elemakule, Knut ua lilo increasingly reactionary. Mai makahiki 1934,ʻo ia ke akea kākoʻo i ka Nazis. Hamsun i hui pu ole me ka Nazi aoao, akā, hele aku la ia Kelemania, no ka halawai ana me Hitler. A hiki aku na kēia kanaka Kelemānia noho Norway, hele mai la he wahi lihi iki o ke kākoʻo-fascist 'atikala, ma lalo i ua i ka inoa "Knut Hamsun". Book mea kākau i ua hoi hou mai ia ia ma na tausani o ka heluhelu i ka palapala.

Ke hopu a me ka hoao ana

I ka pau ana o ke kaua, i hopu ia a me kana wahine. Ma ka haule ana o ka makahiki 1945 Hamsun Ua waiho ia ma ka psychiatric? Aaieou. Mahope o eha mahina o ka lapaʻau, ka mea i hoolilo ia Landvik hanai nou hale. Mau makahiki ma hope, i hoao i ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a loaʻa hewa o ke kōkua pūʻia a me abetting i ka enemi. No hoi, ka mea i kauoha e uku 425.000 Norewai kroner. Hoopaaia Knut käpae 'no ka mea, o ka mea "' imi naʻauao hoʻololi iho."

hope hana

(Essay) "Ma ka ulu ala" i ka hana hope o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, he. I ka pōʻino kopilsya puke no kekahi mau makahiki. Knut Hamsun (quotations mai i kana mau hana hiki e heluhelu ma lalo nei) makemake i ke kahiko nani o ka Scandinavians e hoihoi. Hitler ka olelo e pili ana i ke ala hou ana o ka Nordic lakou lahui, (i ka pau Norway) ikaika "Hook" kākau moʻolelo. I mea no ke aha la Hamsun imbued me ka ideology o ka fascism a wale nō makahiki ma hope ike i kona hewa iho. Ma ka puke "Ma ka ulu ala," ka hahau hai o kona lono kaumaha kuhihewa, akā, 'aʻole i noi mai no ke kala ana mai o na kanaka. Ua ike ia ka mea kākau moʻolelo ole i kona hewa iho.

make

Knut Hamsun, kona Kawaihae i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua make i loko o kona waiwai Nornholm. Ke kia-kaua a paʻi playwright hoomaka ae la e hele mai i loko o Norway wale mai 1962: ia wale me he mea kākau moʻolelo, akā, hiki ole e kala mai like he lehulehu huahelu. Ma ka hopena, ua lawe mai ka loa kaulana puana'ī mai i ka mea kākau o kana mau hana.

quotations

"Mai huhu i ke ola. 'Aʻole pono e e hana ino, o ka ikaika a me ka maikaʻi i ke ola. E aloha, a lawe ia ma lalo o kona malu. Oe hiki ole hoi i noonoo ai i mea na âlapa pôhili me i, e hana me ia. "

"I haku` ia - ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi, e lawelawe ma luna o ka' aha hoʻokolokolo. "

"No ka mea a pau, owau no ka malihini, no laila, pinepine kamaʻilio i noʻu iho."

"Ka nui o ka mea nona mai ke ano maopopo i kanaka ola ana, a waiho ma ke kua o ka hoʻoilina."

"Most o ka maikaʻi hele me ke kumumea, akā, no ka hewa entails hopena."

"Mai ka Aha aʻu e ike i ka hoku, a ua laweia aku la iluna koʻu manao i loko o ka puahiohio o ko ke ao nei".

"Life - mea he kaua kela la i keia i na daimonio ma o kona lolo a me ka naau."