Mahiole a me nā koa mahiole: ano, ano a me nā 'ano

ʻO ka wā kahiko, nā koa i hoʻohana kūikawā kila mahiole i malama i ke poo. Ka mea, i ke koʻokoʻo ma me na legeona Yuliya Tsezarya, ka Scythians, ka medieval naita i loko oʻEulopa. Kona laula palapala noi a me ka kila mahiole la ma Kievan Rus ', i ka i ana i ua poe e keʻano nui o? Ueo.

I ka manawa, e hoomalu mai i kaua pālule i hou haawiia ia me he kila mahiole. I keia la, ua i hoʻohana 'ia ka inoa. O kēia mahioleʻike i nā mea kūʻai mai i mahiole. Koa lakou he nui pakeneka o nā mea hoʻohana i kēia 'ano o ka headgear. Kaawale mai kēia mau mea, mahiole i miners, no? Ieoaeunoaa poe hana, luna makai, firefighters a me nā lālā o ka loa haʻuki.

Pehea i hana ai i ka manaʻo o "mahiole"?

Special ua inaina i ke hoʻololi i ka pale aku i ke poo o ke koa ma ke kaua, i mua i kapaʻia ka pāpale kila. No ka mea, o ka hoomau ana o kapa kila, a ua hoi i ka hao, i komo pū i ke kauoha koa i loko o ka maʻamau kau o ka hakakā ma lalo o ka kūhelu inoa "kila mahiole" a ua 'ike me ka mana kumu o ke kanaka koa hoʻomalu.

Me ka Hekikai o kekahi mau ʻano o ka poʻe hao wale , a me ka hana hou o ke koa o kana oihana ua lilo modernized a me ka mahiole. Products i he Dome shape. Steel hoʻohana i ka hana ia. Akā, mōʻaukala ike Eia kekahi laʻana i ka manao a me kaʻili aiiay waiwai i i he nui helu pili ana no ia mea hiki ke hooheheeia hehee wale. Aie i ke alo o ke kila eiiiiiaiou headpiece pili me ka hao. Over manawa, ma ka maʻamau o ke ola ka mea, ua oi pono hua'ōlelo "mahiole", a ma Roma o ia hoʻi, "metala mahiole."

lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe mahiole

makahiki mahiole kaua i mau mea i ke kumuhana o ka noiʻi no kakaolelo a me ka poe archaeologists i? anoee loa i nā hiʻona o ka 'ole a me ke ano o ka pilikino palekana o ke koa, hoʻomano hoʻohana no na tausani o ka makahiki. ʻepekema haʻawina paipai i ke kumu nui loa o ka hana ana o ka aiiay mahiole no na kenekulia koe ua hoʻololiʻia. Nā loli loli wale i nā 'ano apau loa. Ua kaukaʻi ma luna o ka ulu ana o armaments a me nā mea kaua hoouka ma i i koiia e hoomalu aku.

E like me ka mea i hoʻohana ai no ka hana o ka mahiole metala. Ka mea, he lahilahi ke keleawe a me ke keleawe pepa, a e ho'ōla e auou caiaiai me ka kila a me ka hao. I ka mahiole o ka hao a lahilahi i hoʻohanaʻia e nā mea a pau i ka poe koa o ko ke ao nei, a me ka 80 makahiki o ka iwakalua kenekulia. Hope koa mahiole a me nā mahiole kila ua hanaʻia mai ka holomua nā mea wela e like titanium, kevlar, lole polymers, titanium hui me ka Aluminum.

Na lilo o ka mahiole ua poe ma ka kūikawā meaʻili apana, hoʻopaʻaʻia ma ka mea o ka rivets circumferentially i loko o ka haahaa loko hapa o ka 'atikala. Kēia hapa o ka mahiole ua kapaia "tuleyka". Ia lakou i na lala ma nā kau i mau e pili ana petals kaula. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana i hana tuleyka a me petals:

• Balanced kupono i ka mahiole ma luna o kona poʻo;
• Kāohiʻana o ke poo, hui 'ana me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia pepa o ka pāpale kila;
• mitigation o ka hopena max'ōpala hoʻi a me nā pōhaku ma luna o ka waho o ka pāpale kila.

Hoikehonua, koa mahiole hou oluolu a me ka maluhia no ka koa, no ka mea, na petals komo i pili ia ia no hoi 'ō ka palupalu o ka hua nā pale poʻohiwi a me ka ili.

keiki pahaohao

I ka manawa mahope mai o ka legionaries Yuliya Tsezarya i ka naita Europa, o ka Middle Ages koa i 'Imi i hoʻohana mahiole. Ua lawe koa hana o kēlā mau makahiki mai me ka nui pinepine ', a ua oi loa ka nui o ke koi no ka aiiay headgear. Akā, ma manawa, hoomaka ae la e lawe mahiole a me aesthetic kuleana pili i. Aia i kekahi kumu no ka nani pālule. maluhia pukana emi ana i loko o ke kāʻei kua. Mahiole i ousted pālule me ka hulu, shakos a me ka papale me ka nani lacquered visors.

Palani mahiole

Koa hana i loko o ka First World War auwaha pohole külana. ua lilo pale unprotected koa poo. Makaʻuʻole ana ma ka pā ma waho ma ka pilikia o ka mea ino a me ka make. Kapa ole poo ua i kona poʻo no ka pana i rifle a pu, no ka shrapnel a me landmines. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o kēia mau makahiki hou hoʻomanaʻo o kiʻekiʻe hana mahiole. Ma keia manawa, i ke kumu no ka nani a me ka pāluleʻaʻa pua hala, a ma ka hana ana o ka mahiole hoʻi hou.

Koa Palani i ka mea mua i hoʻolako pono a me ka hou, oi holomua Ke Ana Hoʻohālike. Palani huahana komo ekolu oihana mua: i ka hewa, i ka lepa a me ka waihona meli. "Adriana" - o ka kūhelu inoa i haawiia i ka mahiole. Palani koa i ka 1915 ua lāʻau hahauʻikepili maluhia huahana, a me ka nui loa hoemiia ka poho o ka mea pilikino haku mele 'ana o ka poe koa. 13% a me ka make hoemi ia 30% ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka helu o iki. Iloko o ka First World War, ka Palani mahiole hoʻohana 'ia e na koa ma Enelani, Rusia, Italy, Romania a me Portugal.

English mahiole

Ka oihana koa alakaʻi o 'Enelani i i māʻona i ka Palani mahiole "Adrian". Ua Ua hooholoia e ho okumu ana i kona mana iho o koa mahiole. Ka mea haku polokalamu o ia ka mālama huahana ua John Leopold Brodie, ka mea i like me ka kumu ka medieval ua inaina i ka Cappellini, hoʻomano hoʻohanaʻia e ke koa i loko o ka manawa, mai ka umikumamakahi a hiki i ka umikumamaono kenekulia. Ka mahiole ua kapaia "ka mua hoʻololi 'kila mahiole" a poe tselnoshtampovannyh huahana me ke ākea, a piha loa.

Kēia palapala no ka mahiole ua loa pono no ka auwaha kaua me ke koa o ke kula i hana mai i ka hopena o ka mamalu, sheltering mai ka haule ana'ōpala hoʻi ma luna. Akā, i kēia kumu hoʻohālike i ke koikoi wā ka mea, ua pono i ka hoouka, no ka mea, kona pae ma luna o kona poʻo laweʻoi aku ko lākou kiʻekiʻe, a i ole hoʻopale ai i ke kino a me ka occipital māhele o ke poʻo. Akā, ma muli naʻe o keia shortcoming, i aponoia e ka poe koa o Canada, kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Australia English Brodie mahiole.

Ke German mana o ka pāpale kila

Haʻalele nā'āina, Germany a 1916 ua i hoolilo ia ma luna o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie, e like me kona poe akamai, i ka haʻahaʻa-papa 'ano haʻahaʻa a i mahiole. Kona gunsmiths ma Hannover pū me ka mea i manao ai mea maoli i ka mea e like ai huahana. I ka 1916, Germany i ke kaulana mahiole Stahihelm, ka mea ma hope lilo i ka hōʻailona o ka German koa, e like me ia i loko o ka mau honua kaua.

German mahiole me ka nui loa i oi i ka olelo o ka pono, a me ka aiiay ano o ka 'ōlelo Palani a me Pelekānia Ke Ana Hoʻohālike. A ano manao hiʻona ma Stahihelm mahiole i ke alo o ke kila pepeiaohao i loko o ka kino mau. Ka mea, i kekahi mau hana:

• hoakaka ia i uhi no ka hoʻokomo ea puka i loko o ka pāpale kila;
• lawe fasteners kūikawā mea e kahiko ai ka pale kaua mea i malama i ke poʻo o ka German koa, mai ka pololei LIKE o rifle a me ka mīkini-ka pū pōkā.

I loko nō o ka wa e kaawale aku o flaws ma ka manao a me ka kinona, ka Kelemānia mana o ka pāpale kila, aole ia i kumu hoʻomalu i ka loa ka maluhia o na limahana. ʻOiai ua mahiole a me ka mālama 'ia ala pōkā LIKE, akā, i ole i ka maluhia o ka cervical vertebrae koa. A kui mai ka wā ku i ka mahiole i ua kiʻekiʻe ikehu i ka poino cervical vertebrae. A me keia, ma ka huli, entailed make. No ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i kēia kahua' aʻole i pili i ka mea i ka hopena i ka ikehu i ka pololei LIKE maluhia ku i ka mahiole iho.

Koa Soviet kükohu

kapa kila kila oka a hoʻohana no ka? iecaianoaaiiie o mahiole i loko o ka USSR. Ke Soviet kükohu i ka inoa o ka NL-39 a me ka mea i hoonui i ka kaumaha o 1,25 kg. i nā paia i ka mānoanoa o 1,9 mm o. Mahiole e ho'āʻo ai i alakaʻi kino S. M. Budennym, a haawi mai la i ka hopena maikai. ua hiki ke pale aku i ka pololei LIKE mai ka mamao o ka umi mika aku, mai ka revolver pōkā, Ka Soviet kükohu "Revolver."

I ka 1940, ka NL-39 i undergone modernization. Tuleyka kanaka nā kaula, nā pale poʻohiwi a me ka upena. NL-40 - o ka kūhelu inoa i haawiia mai i ka holomua mahiole. Mahope loli a HOU i hana i ka makahiki 1954 a me ka 1960. Ka hopena Ua pio ka polokalamu ka muli o hou mahiole NL-54 a me NL-60, loli i loli wale tuleyki. Ke 'ole iho i koe ua hoʻololiʻia mai 1939.

Iaono? Ienoai kükohu kula

Paa pau 'ana o ka NL-39 i hua mai i ka makahiki 1968. Modernization noho ia malalo iho a hiki i ka palapala i i ka mahiole. Koa Russian kükohu manawa i noho ai ka mahuahua hene o ka frontal paia o ka Dome a pōkole aoao uma mawaho. No kona hana i hoʻohana kapa kila oka a me ka ikaika nui ae. Ka hene o ka frontal paia hooikaika ia'ku mahiole me ka shrapnel ka hili.

A like? Ieoaeunoai mahiole hoʻohana no ka staffing kona nā limahana China, North Korea, Rusia, India a me Vietnam.

Kekahi o ka loa ka hoʻokō koa mahiole i hoʻohanaʻia Lūkini e malu ai kaua i manaoia.

• NL-68 M ua papahana no na kaua;
• NL-68 N hoʻohana ma na puali koa o ka Russian Hui.

He mau koho i kēia tuleyki. I loko nō o ka mea ana i ke kaumaha o kēia mau mahiole a puni mau kilograms, e halawai me ka mea mua papa o ka ia'ku, no ka mea, e hiki e ku i ka pololei LIKE ma ka pōkā mai ka pū panapana liʻiliʻi, Makarov a me ka'ōpala lele i ka mämä holo o ka 400 m / s, ke kau paona ana o ka i, aole ia i oi aku mamua o hoʻokahi gram.

Hoikehonua, Lūkini mahiole

Me ka mahiole TSS-81 "poepoe", mai 1981, a ua nō hoʻohana 'ia e na poʻe hao wale o ka Russian Hui.

No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o kona hale titanium papa mānoanoa i lawe 0,3 knm. Me ka mahiole kaupaona 2.3 kg, a wale hoʻohana no ka palekana i ka me mechanical nā palapū. Me ka lua o ka papa, no ka mea, aole ia i kumu hoʻomalu hoomaluia mai kāʻei pū a mea. Dome kanu'ōiwi nā mea he ekolu mau mea i kahikoiaʻi hehee ai na ma kūikawā poi.

Mahiole "poepoe" o ka hooponopono hou ana o "poepoe-II", i i auou caiaiai titanium kapa kila kila papa, a me ka nui loa, a mahuahua nui ke kaumaha o ke kükohu (3.5 kg). Ke keakea o ka nele o ke 'ole i loko o kona olelo e lilo. Hiki craniocerebral trauma. Special hihia me ka mea e kahiko ai titanium paha kila hehee wale komo mai koke. Ua hiki aku ai i kā lākou pohupani hale, a malalo aiiay mahiole ano.

Pehea e hana i ka oihana koa mahiole?

Mua o nā mea a pau ia mea e pono ke loaʻa i ka mea pono. Ka lua o ka anu u - e hana i ka unuhi, ma a koa mahiole e e hana. Ko lakou mau lima e e mai ia pilikia. He maikaʻi ina ka mahiole e i ka spherical shape. Kēia e emi i ka luku ma luna o ikehu hopena. Ka hoʻokemu mea, a me kōkua me ka nui loa emi like hoʻi me ka pale.

Ke kumu no ka mahiole hiki ke i ka lāʻau a me slug poepoe keiki ia gypsum binders a me ka pīlali kēpau, a hardener. Ma hope o hoopaakiki puna ponoi ua manaoia e e makaukau, a oe ke wehe i ka iwi kuamoʻo.

Kekahi o na hana hula ma ka mahiole, o ka redistribution o kona hopena ma luna o ka mea a pau wahi. Nolaila, o ka mea no ka mea ma waho iwi e i ke kiʻekiʻe 'inideka o ka ikaika a me ka toughness. Maikaʻi polyurethane hua. Kona tensile ikaika ua 5 kg / knm ^2, aʻo ia loa ka hoʻokō omo o ka hopena. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana o Minvielle i, a ma kekahi mau papa o kāpili ma luna ma luna o ka ili o ka mahiole a me ka kapa me ka pīlali kēpau. Ma hope o hoopaakiki, o ka oi kēpau me ka spatula e wehe 'ia a me ke koena aniani iʻokiʻia me ka pahi.

Ka loko lilo o ka mahiole e komo palaka o ka hua, a maoli he ka palekana i ka bumps. Ka mea, i pili i ka lina. ? Aeiiaiaiaaia e hana ai ma hope o akahele hoʻoponopono. He mea nui i loaʻa i loko o ke Keena Kalaiaina o ka mahiole voids, mai i hua ālai 'e kau puʻe ma ke kino wahi.

Ālai 'ia i loko o ka occipital a me ka frontal māhele i tuko i ka hope. Ka mea, pale aku i ka hiki pohupani hale o ka mahiole ma ka hopena. Inā he mau voids i loko o ka pāpale kila, ua piha iho la lakou i na apana o ka hua. Mua oe hoʻomaka pasting i ka loko, e kaa me nā kui nao a me Kauai kuikawā ke haka pono maila kaula.

Ka hope loa mai hoopa aku, e lilo i pena homemade mahiole. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana i aerosol a nitro nitroenamels. Akā, ma mua ia, o ka ili o ka huina hoonui e ke ke hoʻokō 'kaʻa nitrogruntovkoy.

Ke keakea o ka pakiko-i mahiole i manaoia i ka nele o ka wela a me ka poe ilihune acoustic permeability.

Mua oe i ka hoʻomaka 'ana, e pono e ike i ka mahiole' aʻole i kumu hoʻomalu i ka maluhia o ke poo, ka mea, hoopalupalu mai la i wale i ka loa. Eia hou, ka huakaʻi nā mea i ka hopena paa. Ma ke aha ka ikehu ua loaʻa i ka hola 25 J. kēia mea o ka palena o ke kanaka ahonui, kona loa poino o ka ike paka i, a maka hou loa hopena.