Mākeke: Hawaii photo, mahi, hoʻohana, hōʻikeʻano, microscopy

Kekahi o nā meaʻala a wela ua hoʻomano manao like makeke. Hoomakaukau ia kulana paakiki, a lawa ka maloo weluwelu brew anoano i loko o ka wai, a hui pu ia me ke kaumaha o ka pehu ana haʻahaʻa lehulehu vīnega (ohia a me ka waina) a me kekahi mau meaʻala, e like me ke kinamona, kekahi pahūpahū, mākuʻe lau, tarragon, celery, onion a me ka kālika.

Mākeke, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka imuʻala, mea o ka ekolu ano.

• White. Ke kahiko meaʻai o 'Enelani ka mea, ua kapaia English.
• Black. e hoʻohana 'ia kona hua, e hoomakaukau i ke kaulana Dijon makeke. Aia nō ma luna o 20 aoao o sayings keia a laeʻula.
• Mākeke, ma Europe ka mea, ua oi olelo ike me ka Lūkini (e pili ana ia ia, a e e kūkākūkā i loko o kā mākou 'atikala).

hōʻikeʻano

Makeke mea he makahiki herbaceous mea kanu, hiki ke kiekie o 40-100 knm, a me ka lāʻau hahau, kŘpa a nawaliwali kumu. Ma pololei ai manamana ai anei i hoonohonoho kumu lau, lakou kiolaia maluna, oiai o ka mooolelo ua i puunaueia nui, a me ka hoopokole petiole. I ka lalo lau i 'ē aʻe, petiolate, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO lirovidnoperisto-lobed, omaomao, a me ka mea ka i ka loa luna - holoʻokoʻa, sessile, akā,ʻaʻole amplexicaul a bluish hue.

Inflorescence makeke sarepstkoy - schetkovidnaya palaki i koke lilo hou i loko o ka flowering au. Ka eha-perianth hana kaulike sepals, gula-yellow corolla a me petals, koke hou i loko o ke kui. Ma sarepstkoy makeke - 6 stamens, elua o i mea mawaho, a pōkole, he meliʻuʻuku wale nō glands i ka waihona ipu; mua elua lōʻihi, he mea hoʻokahi nui'āpana o ka hao. Ke pistil ninoieo o ovary-lua a me ka capitate stigma.

Hua o ka makeke i loko o ka laina, he wiwi, lumpy pod lōʻihi mai ka 7 a hiki i 12 mm o. Ke anawaena o ka hua - ma kahi o 1 mm o, kā lākou mau waihoʻoluʻu hiki e kekahiʻeleʻele-bluish a me kaʻeleʻele a lenalena yellow. Flowering makeke mea i loko o May, a me ka hua oo ana - June.

Where loaʻa?

Makeke absently ulu ma Central Asia,'ākau China, Mongolia a me Hawaiian Siberia. Ke kanu Hiki ke loaʻa nā loko o ka hehi ciia, a ma ka hakahaka aina kokoke alanui. Maopopo ma waena o kanaka maoli a me ka feral makekeʻano paʻakikī. Ke Lūkini mea kanu Ua loaa i kekahi manawa e lawe mai i loko o Lower Volga olonā hua a me ka millet, akā, i ka na kamaaina e hoʻokele e loiloi i ka waiwai o oleaginous mea kanu, a hoomaka ae la lakou e e hana i loko o kona mahi. I ka lā, o ka hua lulu mau i waena o oilseeds kolu o ka wahi mea e like sareptskaya makeke (i ho'ākāka 'ia ma hoʻohana, ka pono a me ka Nine Inch haku mele' ana i loko o au mamuli o keia 'atikala). 'Aʻole loa, mai ke kauhale mua Sarepeta makeke aila mea wili palaoa i wehe i ka 1810.

Makeke: Microscopy

Ma ka hua, oia hoi o kaʻili, a me ka embryo mea kokoke i'aiaola hope'aʻaʻa paha endosperm. A kea pauku hiki ke ike i kekahi mau horseshoe cotyledons a me ka aa a shape.

Makeke (microscopy Ua hoopaaia) ninoieo a eha papa. Nui colorless aeee i pihaʻi me mucus e lilo i ka pahale mawaho, ahu iho, a me epidermis. Kēia Ua ukali e he nui loa lahilahi-hala keena, haanou ana me ka macerating, a kokoke e haule ana ilalo i ka hua maloo.

Keena kolu, sclerenchyma, ahu iho ka loa ano 'ole. Ma keʻa-pauku i ike ai ia i loko o nalu, ka mea, ua pili i kaiʻewaʻewa kiʻekiʻe, ka uniformly mahuahua, laila ka hōʻemiʻana. O ke kumu ho i ka hua, aʻoiai ili honua.

Tangential elongated aeee i pihaʻi meʻeleʻele pigment, hana i ka ha o ka ahu -ʻili ma hope o endosperm. Akā, i ka embryo'aʻaʻa ua poe e lahilahi-hala aeee i loaʻa ka momoma ka aila a me ka aleurone mānoanoa.

Nine Inch haku mele 'ana

makeke hua he poe nui mea kāhinu, a me Allyl mākeke, potasiuma bisulfate a me ka glycoside sinigrin hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo e monakō koko ma lalo o ke keiki mirozina'ūhū. Mai kaʻawaʻawaʻana anoano i e hoomakaukau makeke nui ka aila ma ka distillation hoʻohana 'mahu. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka loaa huahana mea i hiki ole aku ma mua o 40% Allyl makekeʻaila, a i ka 50% krotonilgorchichnogo a me ka tsianallil, ko läkou' o ka kalapona disulfide a me ka dimethyl sulfide. Eia hou, ka mea, ua kaulana ma ke alo o ka ethereal slabovysyhayuschego makeke aila momoma aila oia hoi o ka erucic, oleic, linoleic, legkotsenovoy, linolenic, myristicʻakika a me behenicʻakika, a me ka mucus nā polokina. Nā lau o ka mea kanu he carotene, ascorbicʻakika, kalipuna paakai a me ka hao.

Makeke: e ulu ana

Ke kanu ulu pono me ka wehe, momona a me ka maikaʻi-moni loa ka lepo, me ka hou, pono i ke komo i ka Map. Hoʻopulapula mākeke (hōʻike, microscopy, Nine Inch haku mele 'ana i haawiia mai ma luna) hua lūlūʻia i loko o ka wehe lepo ia mea pono wai. E like me ka rula, no ka mahi ana i mea kanu i koho wahi me ka mehana aniau i loko nō.

Lulu lau makeke anoano ua lawe mai i ke kakahiaka nui i hiki. Flowering mea kanu mea i loko o June, a July, e like me nā 'elele o ka cabbage ohana. Ma ka mua lulu rosette o lau hōʻike mua o ka solstice, i nā lā lōʻihi, ma ka hou, nā Mahikō e e palekana mai ka cruciferʻuku lele'ūhini lele me.

No ka ulu makeke kohoʻia līkaia kaawale moe, e ulu pono, a ma waena o ka lalani. Hua i kanuia oia i ka hohonu o ole hou aku 1 knm. A hiki i ka lau mua, Mahikō pono i ka lahilahi no laila, i ka mamao ma waena o ia i 5 i 8 knm. Mahope Pono fertilizing naikokene mea hoʻomomona a me ka hoohainu i ka wai. Ma hope iho ma kahi o 20 mau lā makeke kiʻekiʻe hiki 10-15 knm, a e hoomakaukau no ka hoʻohana.

Close hoahanau o ka moʻomeheu kanu i cabbage, watercress, radishes, turnips, rutabaga, radish, kūlanakauhale, a me ka hooilo pūnāwai oilseed kūlanakauhale. Kēia pono e noʻonoʻo ka wā hoʻolala i ke kanu ana i na anoano. 'Aʻole e pono no ka ulu makeke mau mea i kahi ulu mua olona aila hua, millet, pua nānālā paha beet.

Pehea e ohi, a loaa heʻiʻo maka nō mea?

Mākeke, a he oiaio, ua kona hua makaukau no kaʻohiʻai pala i loko o nā māhele lalo a me waenakonu o ka mea kanu pods, pela i hoomaka ai ka make ana o lalo lau ia.

First ka mauu e maloʻo a me ka mālie hahi ai, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka anoano. Ka mea, i laila, e halii mai i loko o ka lahilahi, ahu iho ma luna o ka pń a me ka hope maloo i loko o ka luawai ventilated wahi. I ka maikaʻi, heʻiʻo maka mea ua evaporated, ka mea hiki ke Flip a me ka pioloke.

Ka maloo makeke anoano hoʻololi i ka lole mauʻeke. Kūʻai maka mea ua paipaiʻia i loko o limbo i loko o ka ventilated a me ka maloo wahi, e pale aku mustiness.

Holopapa ola o ka makeke hua - 2 makahiki, no laila, ho'āʻo e hana ia i loko o kēia manawa. Inā ka maka mea ua nō i koe, ka mea e e kiola mai. Overdue na anoano i ole e waiho no ka lawe.

Makeke i mea hoʻomomona

Like hou kanu nuipa a, ua i loko iho i loko o ka lepo, e hoʻowaiwai ia me ke aloha 'ona i ke hoʻohana makeke. Ka uliuli manure:

• hiki ae hoomaemae loa oia i ka aina mai ka nāhelehele, o ka oi aku ma ka mahi soils.
• Mahalo i akamai phytosanitary waiwai i malama e ku e slugs, wireworm a me ka pea ka mu, ua ālai 'i ke ano o ka hopena o makika, a me ka pehu pala i uala.
• Hoʻomaka koke maoli ka biomass, kūpono ma ka lepo replenishes ka mahuaola.
• Ua hoonui ae i ka lepo 'ole. Nā aʻa o ka sinapi, ae hiki aku i ka lōʻihi o ka 1.5-3 mika, pono-moni loa aina a me ka hemohemo i hoʻolako maikaʻi ona mau ia'ku a me ka vozduhoemkost.
• Ua hoopanee naikokene ma ka aina, a pio nā māhuaola i loko o ka aloha me ka hoʻokuʻuʻole ia e hele i loko o kaʻoi, ahu iho.
• Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka hau kanu uliuli manure ua hoohuliia i loko o mulch, a, ma ka huli, ma ka Akuma ka a me ka hooilo, e hoʻopale ai i ka lepo mai ke kūpaleʻana.

makekeʻano likeʻole

Ma ka? Aaeno? O? Aneii e piʻi like o ka Russian Hui helu 9ʻano likeʻole o ka sinapi, i aponoia no ka hoʻohana:

• Freckles - kakahiaka nui kaʻoihana, a me kalaka nui-hohola rosette, hiki ke kiekie o 25-28 knm mai ka kupu i oki i ka greenery holo lokahi mai lakou mai ka 25 a hiki i 30 lā ..
• Makeke volnushki. E noa ka waiwai nui ke hele mai i ka mahina. Kakahiaka nuiʻoihana kaua,ʻano me ka kānaka palahalaha, nui, kukulu rosette ma anawaena 25-32 knm ihoiho. Makeke volnushki hoʻomaka koke mahuahua ka launahele nuipa a.
• Arigato.
• Ladushka. E noa ka waiwai nui ke hele mai ma hope o 58-60 lā.
• Mustang - waena-papa, kanu kiʻekiʻe hiki 25-27 knm.
• Sadko.
• Iwi. Ohi i ka launahele hiki hoʻomaka 18-20 lā ma hope ma muli o.
• Manga.
• Ikaika.

E ho ohana i ka lumi kuke

Makeke loaʻa hoʻohana ma ka imu. Mai ka mea, huli mai nui relish, amplifying palatability o na mea he nui kona mau kīʻaha. makeke pauka hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka makaukau o ka mayonnaise, na sauces a me dressings. Ka pepe iho la ka hua e haawi aku i ka kūikawāʻono o sausages a me nā huahana.

Canned ai, pīpī me sinapi pauka, mau hou. Tablespoon makeke ana i malamaʻi, me ke kumukanawai a i ka iʻa a me ka ai, e like me ka uiki.

Momoma makeke aila no i ka maikaiʻaiʻana ua hoʻohana 'ole wale i ka sayings akā, i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o pulehu iho la i ka waiwai a me ka canned mea ulu. E like me ke chefs ma na aina, keia mea he condiment maikaʻi no salads, me ka pī mau kīʻaha, a me ka ai sauces.

Makeke pauka ka hapa o ka lulu-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o sauces, "Kuban", "Anal" a me ka "South". Young makeke greens ka wā i hoʻohuiʻia i salads ole wale iā ia me ka wikamina C, akā, iaono? Ienoai palatability.

Other mau mea o ka i

Makeke Ua loaʻa noi ole wale ma ka hale imu akā, i ka laau lapaau. Wili mai ka aila hua kanu e hoʻohana no ke anu, bronchial hoʻoʻino maʻi,ʻike ākea nā aʻalolo, pleurisy, rheumatoid arthritis, radiculitis a me ka myositis.

Makeke aila kaka ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka maka mea no ka loaa phytin, a ua hōʻike no ka iapaau ana o ka neurasthenia, scrofula, hypotension a me vascular diathesis. Good hualoaʻa i loaa ka wā o ka lāʻau impotence a me ka poho o kona'ōpū.