Mokulele Aluminum: ano

Aie i ka noho nanea, ductility a me ka ia'ku i ka popopo o ka Aluminum ua lilo i paʻa mau mea i loko o na mea he nui na hana. Mokulele Aluminum - pae o ka oka a like pu ole, ma o ka hoʻi o kiʻekiʻe ikaika makanekiuma, silikone, keleawe, a me ka manganese. Haawi hou ka ikaika a hiki i ka oka a ma ka mea o ka m. N. "Kūnewa hookoia" - he kūikawā iaoia no e hoopaakiki ana ma lalo o ke keiki no ka lōʻihi manawa heʻano pākīkē ka lewa 'ia. Ke oka a Ua invented i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia ma lalo o ka inoa o ka duralumin, eʻike nō hoʻi ma lalo o ka inoa "Avial".

Definition. mōʻaukala kāʻei kua

Ka hoʻomaka o ka moolelo o ka maunakea Aluminum oka a pau o ka makahiki 1909. Kelemānia metallurgical lunaʻenehana Alfred Wilm empirically hoʻokūpaʻa, ina he Aluminum oka a me ka uuku hou o ke keleawe, a me ka manganese makanekiuma ma hope e hoopaakiki i ka wela o ka 500 ° C, a kinai ku ma 20-25 ° no 4-5 lā, ka mea, i nā lilo ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika, me ka losing i ke kohoʻia. Ke hana ua kapaia "poe oo hoi" paha "ʻoihana kaua,". I loko o keia iho i poe paakiki keleawe nā'ātoma hoʻopiha i ka uuku iiiaanoaa o cii i ka palaoa palena. Ke anawaena o ka keleawe'Ātoma mea uuku ma mua ia o ka Aluminum, no ka mea, he mea mīkini'opihia stress, hiki mahuahua i ka ikaika o ka mea.

No ka mea manawa mua ka oka a pau o E ka Haku e ia ma Kelemānia nā hale hana Dürener Metallwerken, a loaa momoku ahi Dural, ma keia hope aku i ka inoa "duralumin". A laila, 'Amelika metallurgist R. B. a me ka pana pua Dzhafris haku mele' ana hou ia e hoʻololi i ka pakeneka o keʻano nui makanekiuma. Ka hou oka a pau i kapaia o 2024 i likeʻole ka hoʻololi 'ana i hoʻomano hoʻohana i kēia lā, akā, me ka ohana a pau o ka oka a - "Avial". Ka inoa "mokulele Aluminum", Ua loaa aneane koke keia oka a ma hope o ka weheʻana like loa auou caiaiai i ka laau a me ka metala i loko o ka hana o ka mokulele.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano a me nā 'ano

Aia i ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu ekolu:

• Family o Aluminum-manganese (Al-HI), a me ka Aluminum-makanekiuma (Al-mg). Na ka papa kuhikuhiE ano - kiʻekiʻe, ka apuepue emi iki mahope o ke gula maikai Aluminum ka popopo e kū'ē'ē mai. Oia oka a pane pono i ka kuʻihao a me ka soldering, akā, i ka mea ino e oki ai. Aʻole hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka wela lapaau.
• Ka popopo-hoʻopale Aluminum-'ōnaehana oka a pau o ka makanekiuma-silikone (Al-mg-Si). E hoopaakiki wela lapaʻau, o I hoopio ai hoi i 520 ° C hahai aku ma ka wai a me ka hoopio ai hoi i maoli poe oo no ma kahi o 10 mau lā. Ka hanohano nō hoʻi ano o keia pae ana o kekahi mau kumuhana - kiʻekiʻe ka popopo ia'ku ka wā hoʻohana 'ia i loko o maʻamau rula, a ma lalo o stress.
• Mall oka a, Aluminum-keleawe-makanekiuma (Al-cu-mg). Lākou mau kumu - doped keleawe, manganese, makanekiuma a me ka Aluminum. E loli iki ana i ka huliāmahi o ka alloying hehee wale makaukau mokulele Aluminum, ke ano o ka mea e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane.

Nā Pono Hana o ka hope pūʻulu noho maikai ma paʻi waiwai, akā, e loa susceptible i ka popopo ma mua o ka ohana o ka oka a mua a me ka lua. Ke degere o ka susceptibility i ka popopo mea e kaukaʻi ma ke 'ano o ka' ilikai lapaʻau, i mea nō e pono e hoʻopale ai i ka pena paha anodized. Na ka popopo ia'ku ua hoomahuahua ia ma ka aoao o ka manganese oka a i hoʻolaunaʻia ma.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka papa kuhikuhi ano ekolu o ka oka a i kaulana forging oka a, wela-hoʻopale, kiʻekiʻe-ikaika mall listen'ōlelo. Ua pono no i ua palapala noi waiwai.

Peni o ka maunakea oka a

International mau hae mua mokulele Aluminum omaka huahelu Hōʻike ka nui alloying hehee wale o ka oka a pau.

• 1000 - maemae Aluminum.
• 2000 - duralumin oka a, oka a me ke keleawe. Ma kekahi manawa - ka loa, he pono ole aerospace oka a pau. Aie i ka mea kiʻekiʻe pā lonoaʻili i ka stress ka popopoʻuʻina ua increasingly UAIAaIN e 7000 moʻo oka a pau.
• 3000 - alloying hehee ai - manganese.
• 4000 - alloying hehee ai - silikone. no hoi oka a pau iʻikeʻia me Silumin.
• 5000 - alloying hehee ai - makanekiuma.
• 6000 - ka loa ea oka a pau. Alloying oihana mua - makanekiuma a me ka silikone. Termozakalke i ke koiia mai e hoʻonui i ka ikaika, akā, wahi emi mahope o keia aiao 2000 a me ka 7000 moʻo.
• 7000 - thermally hoʻopaʻakikī oka a pau, o ka loa mau nō mokulele-kaha Aluminum. I ka papa kuhikuhiE alloying oihana mua - kiniki a me ka makanekiuma.

Peni i ka lua o ka huahelu - Aluminum oka a ka hoʻololi 'ana ma hope o ka loiloi mua kaʻina, helu - i ka helu "0". Ka hope loa nā huahelu - o ka oka a helu, 'ikepili ma luna o kona maemae ana o impurities. Inā ka prototype oka a ua hou a hiki i ka omaka lima o ka pūʻulu "X".

I keia la, o ka loa e like me ka papa mokulele Aluminum 1100, 2014, 2017, 3003, 2024, 2219, 2025, 5052, 5056. ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o kēia mau oka mea: he lauwili anei, ductility, maikai toughness, ia'ku e abrasion, ka popopo, a kiʻekiʻe stress. Ma ka mokulele hana i ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana oka a - ea 6061 a me ka 7075.

'ole

I ka papa kuhikuhiE alloying hehee wale mokulele Aluminum i keleawe, makanekiuma, silikone, manganese, a me ka kiniki. Ka pakeneka ma ke kaupaonaʻana o kēia mau kumu i loko o ka oka a hoʻoholo i ano e like me ka ikaika, kohoʻia, ia'ku i ka ÿano ciia, etc. ke kumu oka a - Aluminum, walaʻauʻana alloying hehee wale :. keleawe (2,2-5,2% ma ke kaupaonaʻana), makanekiuma (0, 2-2.7%) a me ka manganese (0.2-1%).

A ohana o ka mokulele Aluminum-silikone oka a (4-13 nuipa%) me ka nīnūnē ka maʻiʻo o nā alloying oihana mua - keleawe, manganese, makanekiuma, kiniki, titanium, beryllium. Ua hoʻohana no ka hana o ka luna 'wahi, iʻikeʻia me silumin a hoolei Aluminum oka a pau. I ka ohana o ka Aluminum-makanekiuma oka a (1-13% ma ke kaupaonaʻana,) a me ka 'ē hehee wale i ke kiʻekiʻe ductility a me ka popopo e kū'ē'ē mai.

Ke kūlana o ke keleawe i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka mokulele Aluminum

Ke alo o ke keleawe i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka oka a maunakea ka poʻea pau i kona hoʻoikaika' ana i, akā, i ka mea ia manawa mea hewa no kona ka popopo e kū'ē'ē mai. E kahe mai ana i na hua liilii palena i hoopio ai hoi i, ke keleawe i ka oka a susceptible ia,ʻoiai ka popopo, stress ka popopo a me ka intergranular ka popopo. Cii waiwai i loko o ke keleawe o galvanically oi cathodic ma mua o ka puni Aluminum'ōpū mai, a no laila, hou susceptible i ka popopo 'ia ma electrochemicalʻano papa hana. Mahuahua i ke keleawe ka maʻiʻo ma ke oka a paona i ka 12% maoli ka ikaika waiwai aie i ka particulate iho i poe paakiki i kūnewa. A hiki i ka maʻiʻo o ke keleawe i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka oi ma mua o 12% o ka oka a i brittle.

Nā mahinaʻai o ka palapala noi

Aluminum oka aʻo ka loa hanohano kuai mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Light kaumaha mokulele papa Aluminum oka a ikaika e keia i ka pono koho no na mea he nui na hana mai ka mokulele i ko ka hale ona ikamu (aeea kaul, earphones, flashlights). e hoʻohana Aluminum oka a pau i loko o shipbuilding, ulia kaʻa manufacturing, e kukulu, w / b amo i loko o ka nukelea hana.

Hoʻomano koi oka a me ka lōpū keleawe maʻiʻo (2014, 2024? Ye oa). LIKE o kēia mau oka a i kiʻekiʻe ka popopo ia'ku, maikai workability, kina weldability. O ia mea, i kuleana manao o ka mokulele, kaumaha i kona kalaka, koa kaa.

Mall mokulele Aluminum hui

Kuʻihao mokulele oka a ua lawe mai wale nō i loko o ka aiiay inert kinoea. He makemake ko kinoea i helium, argon paha i ka läÿau, ia mea. Ua loaʻa kiekie thermal conductivity o helium. Ua hoʻoholo hou 'ano wela hana o ke kuʻihao i hoʻolilo' ia e leie aku oe ia i mea hoʻomaha kupono e hoʻohui manoanoa-paʻa mall hehee wale. Hoʻohana ana i nā mea huihuina o paleia lakou kinoea hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka'ē. Ke pahiki o ke kahua o ka ili i ka weld ua nui hoemiia.

Ke hoʻohana 'ia ma o ka mokulele hana

Mokulele Aluminum oka a mua hana manaʻoi no ka hana o ka mokulele. O kēia mau mea, no ka hale noho ua i ka mokulele engine wahi, kaʻa, wahie poʻina nalu, a me nā paʻa ana hoʻi na manao ona. Details o ka mokulele Aluminum e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke Keena Kalaiaina ohua pahu.

2xxx moʻo Aluminum oka a pau i hoohana ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka māheleʻana i ka kiʻekiʻe mahana. Details hoʻowahāwahā ukana aka wahi, wahie, a me ka neaa aila nenoai i i ka oka a 3xxx, 5xxx a me ka 6xxx. Ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana ma o ka mokulele hana ua oka a 7075. Mai ka mea, na kumu mua i i i ka hana i ka haawe nui, me ka haʻahaʻa mahana, kiʻekiʻe ia'ku i ka popopo. Ke kumu o ka oka a ka Aluminum, a me ka nui alloying hehee wale makanekiuma, kiniki a me ke keleawe ulaula. Mai ka mea, ua i ka mana piliʻike o ka mokulele hale, o ka iwi wahi.