Naikokene'okikene lua

Naikokene Nine Inch hehee ai me ka'ātoma helu 7 ke aupuni '5 pae o ka Mendeleev papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu. Kēia diatomic kinoea ma lalo o maʻamau olelo o ka pono inert. Ma ka Honua i ka lewa, e hoike no ka ekolu hapaha. Ke hehee ai wehewehe aku ma ka kēia'okesaside Huiia: -3, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. He hapa o na mea he nui i huiʻia. Kekahi mea i ka lepaʻano-eleeleʻawahia kinoea (wehewehe aku ma ka hiki i ka mea nāuki mai i ka ÷ naehana hanu'āpana, ma o na la pulmonary edema ma kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like), me ke ano lena, pungent ala - ka naikokene'okikene lua. Ke haʻilula o NO2. Molar nuipa 46,01 g. / Mol. Nuʻa 2,62 g. / Dm³. Baila aʻela i wahi 21 ° C. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai reacts me ia. Ke refractive Index o 1.449 (ma 20 ° C).

Naikokene'okikene lua Radio nui i kūlana i loko o ka lewa kemika, a me ke kahua o ka tropospheric'okikene kolu. Ka poʻe, ia mea he nui ea pollutant a me ka waena i loko o ka hanalima hoʻololi kemikala o nitricʻakika, a i hua mai miliona o tons kēlā me kēia makahiki. 'O kēia kekahi o kekahi mau naikokene oxides (aeaie 'okanikaʻole i huiʻia o ka naikokene a me ka oxygen) me ka'okesaside:

• I - N2O naikokene'okesaside;

• II - NO naikokene monoxide;

• III - dinitrogen trioxide N2O3;

• IV - NO2 naikokene'okikene lua a me ka dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4;

• V - dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5;

• trinitramide N (NO2) 3.

Naikokene'okikene lua ua hoopuni liquefied. He mea kaumaha ia ma mua o ka ea. Ma lalo o maʻamau kumu NO2 hui (o ka hola 1: 1) i colorless waiwai (kona dimer) N2O4. NO2 kemika ua maopopo.

By naoh i ka wai ua hydrolyzed, ka kūpono elua i hana ʻakika (nitrous a me ka nitric): 2NO2 + H2O → HNO2 + HNO3.

Ma reactions me ka mekala 'åkilikai paʻakai i hanaʻia e like me kēia mau nāʻakika: 2NaOH + 2NO2 → NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O.

He He He ikaika oxidant hiki o oxidizing SO2 i SO3. Ma keia hana ka mea, ua nānā 'waiwai nitrous sulfuricʻakika. Ka meakino NO2 na waiwai, a me ke aloha i huiʻia, luaipele, kalapona a me phosphorus, puhi.

Naikokene'okikene lua ua nui hua mai ma'okesaside o ka naikokene'okesaside ka lewa oxygen ma: O2 + 2NO → 2NO2

I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, NO2 i hoomakaukau ai i mau kapuwai: dehydration o nitricʻakika e dinitrogen pentoxide, i ua laila, thermally decomposed:

2HNO3 → N2O5 + H2O,

2N2O5 → 4NO2 + O2.

E like me ka hopena o thermal decomposition o kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia nitrates i kekahi e makaukau NO2:

2Pb (NO3) 2 → 4NO2 + 2PbO + O2.

Ke'okesaside hiki ke hanaʻia ma ka reacting nitricʻakika (i kia) mai ke hooheheeia (e laʻa me, ke keleawe):

4HNO3 + cu → 2NO2 + cu (NO3) 2 + 2H2O.

Ma lalo o ka aoao o nitricʻakika (i kia) piuta hou i ka naikokene'okikene lua, ke tinaʻakika i hanaʻia me ka ma-huahana.

4HNO3 + Sn → H2O + H2SnO3 + 4NO2.

Kekahi kumu'okesaside N2O4 (IV) Ua haawi ia i like naikokene tetroxide. Akā, i kēia mea he misnomer, e like me ka waiwai i dinitrogen tetroxide. NO2 i koe ma equilibrium me ka colorless kinoea N2O4: 2NO2↔N2O4.

No keia koena mea exothermic, ka mea, ua 'oni iki a hiki i kaʻaoʻao o ka NO2 i kiekie ae ana wela, a ma lalo - i N2O4. Deamer ae i loko o ka paa ana i ka wela o ka hua 11,2 ° C. I ka wela o ka 150 degere decomposes: N2O4 → 2NO2, laila 2NO2 → 2NO + O2.

Nitricʻakika ua lohi ke hookuu aku oia NO2, a haawi mai i ke ano melemele kala like 'ole o ka hapa nui o nā Eia kekahi laʻana o keiaʻakika.

4HNO3 → 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2.

Naikokene'okikene lua ua hikiwawe 'akomi i ka honi, a hiki ma haʻahaʻa nā hoʻohui like, inhalation o ka mahu e e käpae'. Hookahi Loaʻaʻia kumu o ka NO2 ua fuming nitricʻakika i allocates NO2 ma ke anawela ma luna 0 degere. kaʻapu kōheoheo symptoms (pulmonary edema) IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ikea ma hope o inhalation o ka palena papaha lethal nā māhele o kekahi mau hola. Aia o kekahi hōʻike i lōʻihi-kau waiū i NO2 ma nā hoʻohui like ma luna o 40-100 mg / m³ e emi akemāmā papa a me ka hoomahuahua i ka pilikia o naehana symptoms. Ma haʻawina o kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema hoʻokumu i ka loulou ma waena o ka lehulehu o NO2 a me ka ulia ke keiki make maʻi pale.

Naikokene'okikene lua i hanaʻia i loko o ka hapanui'ā keʻano o ka hanaʻana kahi ea ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka oxidant.

Ma ke kiekie mahana, ka naikokene hiehie me ka o oxygen, e lilo nitric'okesaside: O2 + N2 → 2NO, laila NO ua oxidized ma ka lewa, e lilo'okikene lua O2 + 2NO → 2NO2:

1. Ma lalo o maʻamau ka lewa lehulehu o ka loa kali kaʻina.

2. Ka loa paha kumu o ka NO2 e kūloko ma'ā kiko'ī, thermal mana kanu, a, i ka uuku loa,ʻiʻo pepa mea wili.

3. Kinoea heaters a me ka umu i kekahi kumu o keia'okesaside. Koi naikokene ua hoʻolauna i loa'ā lewa, a ua hoohuliia mai i ka naikokene oxides ma kiʻekiʻe mahana.

4. Ma ka hale kerosene heaters a me kinoea heaters i kekahi kumu o NO2.

5. naikokene'okikene lua ua loaʻa ma ka lewa nukelea ikea ai (lepaʻano waihoʻoluʻu Fish ao).

6. Kekahi mahiʻai mau mea o kona ili nā hoʻohui like ke hiki 30 g. / M³.

7. NO2 ua hoi maoli ai hua mai ma ka hekili, ka ua.