Neoclassicism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone: ka kaulana hale a me nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone

E hoʻi i kahiko canons ma ke akamai i hiki mai ai Hoomau. Po nani a me ka harmonious i ke kūkuluʻana, kiʻi kaula, pena o ka panina wā. Muli o kona kulana i ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke akamai ua kapaia neoclassicism no ka hou ana o ka canons kahiko o ka maikai a me ka hou 'o ia ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mea o kēia au nei. Neoclassicism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone hana i kekahi mau mea okoa i kekahiʻEulopa'āina. O kekahi panee i ke ano o ka Classic nā loina o Lūkini nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone hoike.

idiosyncrasy

Kona papa kuhikuhi hana i loko o ka Neo-panina kuhikuhipuʻuone i ike ai i ka hoi ana a hiki i na aa o Europa moʻomeheu. Ka hoʻomaka o ka hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana i loko o Helene a me Italy ma ka XVII kenekulia ua kena ae la i kekahi kilo hoihoi o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i na kumu mua o ke au kahiko o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Kēia i alakai ai i ka nānā aku o ke kaila, i kapaia o classicism, a hoʻomōhala i ka a me ke kiʻekiʻe o iho i loko o neoclassicism. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka pilina o ka moolelo me ka pilialohaʻuʻumi iho i. Ma mua o kēia mau styles mau hoʻokūkū ana i kekahi i kekahi, akā, hope loaʻa ka hailona no na lepo.

Ole-panina hale i oi aku nanea ana, o ka lokomaikai a me ka directness hoʻohālikelike me na Classics. E hoi neoclassicism mea kūikawā noonoo ana i ke ana o huliāmahi kēia, no ka makemake no ka monumentality, i pomposity. Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i mānewanewa wale i ka'ōnaehana kahiko o ka mea, akā, e mālama, e hana hou memo. No ka laʻana, kanaka o Aigupita a me Etruscan. Ke kaila Ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea keʻakeʻa, a i mea koʻikoʻi ia. Nui, nui-unahiʻole, i na hale me ka Greek hehee wale - e ua kue i ka Neo-panina kaila hale.

Periodization o neoclassicism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone

Kaʻia "Neo-panina" kuhikuhipuʻuone i kekahi inconsistencies. Keia mea kuhikuhi manawa i ka hoʻokokoke mai Europa, a me ka Lūkini i ka auaaeaiea o kona manawa. Ma Europa, e hoohana kaawale classicism (XVII kenekulia) a me ka Neo-panina (lua o ka hapalua o ka XVIII, ke kaila o Louis 16th - ka mua hapakolu o ka XIX). I ko kakou aupuni, i ke kahua o kekahi okoa. No ka laʻana, ma Rusia, a Germany, i kēia manawa pono noʻonoʻo classicism. A ma lalo o ka hou Classic kuhikuhipuʻuone hana i ka pau ana o ka XIX - i XX kenekulia. Ma Rusia, kahi neoclassicism ua like kaulana, a ukuia no ka mea, ua maheleia i ekolu manawa.

Mua, ka laina XIX - i kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia, originated like me ka pane ana i ka ulia o ka modernism. Kona brevity ka mea, ua kue i ka excessive Nani Loa Art Nouveau. I keia manawa, aia no he au retrospectivism e imi ana, e hoola i ka Classic huliāmahi a meʻia. Ka lua o ka manawa - 1930 makahiki o ka XX kenekulia. Ma Rusia ka mea, ua i kapa Stalin ka aupuni a pau. He hui ka Baroque hiʻona o ka classicism, Art Nouveau a me ka oihana mua o ka lahui kuhikuhipuʻuone kula. Ke kolu - na 1950s. He ka hapanui ano o 'Amelika kuhikuhipuʻuone, kahi i loaʻa ka mea, i ko lakou hou incarnation poe noonoo ole a me ka monumental' ano apau loa.

Neoclassicism ma ka honua kuhikuhipuʻuone

Classicism ua ka loa ikaika noʻeau kaila. He Apo aku la ia i ka mea akamai a pau. Kona ulu i alakai ai i ka muli o neoclassicism, i i kūkulu,ʻaʻole ma ka Mohai maemae o kahiko ana hoʻohālike, a me kā lākou reinterpretation. Style paʻi kahiko canons, hoʻohuiʻia ia me nā kūʻiʻoa o kēia a me kekahi mau aupuni e piʻi like. Nā kumu i waiho hoʻi i loko o ka XVII kenekulia ma Andrea Palladio, nana i kukulu ia i ka puu o ka hale i loko o Vicenza. Ua lilo kēia mau hale a he kumu hoʻohālike no ka hanauna e hiki mai ana i nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. He hookonokono i hoihoi i loko o ka? Eaia o kahiko nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, aʻo ia i hooki i no kekahi mau kenekulia.

Ke mua na hale i loko o "Neo-panina" kaila me symmetrical ano, lalani o kolamu, na¯ haʻawina puhi, a mau huinahń facadesʻikeʻia i loko o Farani. Hope, ka mea kū i ke lalau aku la ia ia e nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o nā'āina oʻEulopa. A me ke kiʻekiʻe o ia "dokatyvayutsya" i Amerika. Neoclassicism - ka mea, aole hiki anei i ke kaila. Kaupalena naʻe, ia mea heʻano o nā mea kū o ka manaʻo o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka hala. Akahele pēpēʻana o ka mooolelo hoʻokumu a me ka? Ieoaeunoai ma luna o lākou muli o kēia hale me ka hou manao a me ka meaʻai manaʻo - kēia mau mea na nā loina o neoclassical economists.

Neoclassicism ma France

Ka mua Neo-panina kuhikuhipuʻuone masterpieces i hanaia e Claude Ledoux, ka poe i hoomaka kā lākou hana ma mua o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana. Kona saltworks ma piʻo-listen-Senans, ka aoao kukulu ana ma ka puka o iā Paris, ke keaka ma Besançon ola ae la ia Helene moolelo, a ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka maikaʻi loa ana nou i loko o ka Palani Neo-panina kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ka 'elele loa kaulana o kēia kaila o Jacques Ange Gabriel. Ma ka hapalua like-50s o ka XVIII kenekuliaʻo ia i hana i ka nani hale o ke Koa Kula ma ka Champ de Ka Mars, nani ke keaka mele Garnier, ka Petit Trianon ma Versailles, Concorde Square ma Palika papahana. Kana hana i ka mua o ka heyday o Neo-classicism ma Farani.

He Ua ukali ma ka hailona ana i loea nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i kūkuluʻia i loko o kēia kaila. It me Nikolao de Ka Maiziere, nana i hana i ka mōhaiʻai market, Jacques-Denis Antoine, a me kona pīhoihoi ka mineta ma na kapa o ka Seine, Sharl De Wailly a me ka nani hana keaka "Odeon". Neoclassicism mea he apo o Paris pela mamao. Kukulu ana me harmonious huliāmahi, Dome, triangular porticos a me nā kolamu e lilo kona haaheo.

Neoclassicism i loko o ka UK

I ka 60 makahiki o ka XVIII kenekulia Neo-panina kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka loa koiʻana iā kaila maʻEnelani. Kona Mamua, he mau mea nui nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone Robert Adamu laua me Uilyam Chembers. Lakou, e like kā lākou Farani nā hoapili, kūkulu ka hapanui? Eeuo hale. Adamu kipa Italy, kahi loa iho la i loko o ke aloha me ka kahiko hale a me nā hale A. Palladio.

English Neoclassicism mai nā Palani hou ka lokomaikai a me ka nanea ana. Eia, i uku ai i ka Kalaiaina, ka loa kaulana o i mea no ka hoanmike Syon House me Etruscan motifs nui noonoo. Ka hope o ka Beritania Neo-panina waha o Dzhon Soun a me Dzhordzh na ana. Ka mea, i kokuaia mai e hoʻomau "kaila o Adamu." Ke kukulu ana o ka Bank o 'Enelani, a me ka halepaahao ma Newgate he examples maikaʻi o ka leo hone Neo-panina Pelekania.

I ka laha ana o neoclassicism ma Europe

Loea 'elele o ka neoclassicism i nā mea a pau ma luna oʻEulopa. No ka laʻana, ma Hawaii, o ka maikai hana i loko o kēia kaila hana Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Rigorous a concise hanaia'na o mau ana nou ma ka neoclassicism. Kona hale, he elemakule, a me ka hou e neeaaia ma Pelelina guardroom e Turtle reworked kokoke i ka panina 'ana i kūpono a me nā mea kuka.

Ma Italia, i ke neoclassic i mea hiki ole huliāmahi. A. Palladio, a me kona'āina hoʻohiwahiwa na hale ma Venice, a Vicenza, Dzhuzeppe Permarini a me La Scala i na momi o ka honua kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ma hope, Marcello Piacentini Ua kauoha aku ma kona aoao iho, e hoomaopopo i ka waiwai hooilina o kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone, a me ka Palladian kaila i loko o ka hapaha mua o XX kenekulia. He hana i kū hoʻokahi luna 'pā kula i loko o Rome, a Victoria Square ma Brescia.

Russian neoclassicism: ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona

A kūikawā a Mānoa Ua loaʻa neoclassical kaila ma Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ke kahua mua i pili i ka lanakila i ka ulia o ka modernity, he hoʻi i ka panina aʻa, nanea ana o ka huli 'oe. Ivan Fomin, Vladimir Shuko, Ivan Zholtovsky hana i loko o ke ao o ka panina, gula huliāmahi. Ka mea, e makaikai i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone masterpieces o Italy a me Farani, i hoʻokō i hoʻoholo 'i loko o ko lākou mau hale. I ka lua o ka pae ana o neoclassicism i ka hana o ka pili ana nani na hana me ka hoonani aku i ka mana o Stalin. Kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a me ka unahiʻole o kēia mau hale nō me ka haohao kanaka.

Famous Lūkini nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone

Russian kuhikuhipuʻuone hiki e haʻaheo o ka pau Wiliau Hōkū o ka poʻokela Artists ka poe i hana i loko o ka neoclassical kaila. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā Ua manaoia e ia Ivan Fomin. No ka mea, he nui na makahiki ia i hoolilo ai i ke ao o ka panina loina i loko o ka Lūkini moolelo. He nona kaʻimi naʻauao hana e ho'āpono aku i ka Neo-panina mika, a me na koʻikoʻi hale me Polovtseva ka hale i loko o St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute ma Ivanovo, Moscow Soviet hale ma Moscow. Mawaena o na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone ka poe i hookohukohu manaʻo ia kekahi neoclassical ku Zakharov, F. Lidval, St. Seraphim, A. Belogrud, a he nui na mea e ae. Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone Moscow a me St. Petersburg i lilo wale i ka haaheo o nā Lūkini mau poo, akā, i hoonoho i ke kamaʻilio no ka hooulu ana i na kulanakauhale e ae ma ka aina.

Neoclassicism ma ke ano o Moscow

Ke kapikala o Rusia hiki e hoʻokiʻekiʻe hōʻike 'ana i ka mea kū hoʻokahi kuhikuhipuʻuone masterpieces i loko o ka neoclassical kaila. He mau manawa o kēia kaila haʻalele i ka nui hoailona ma na alanui. Moscow nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone skillfully hoʻonaniʻia punahele kulanakauhale. Mawaena o ka loa pepeiaohao nui hale e ke kapa i ka hale lāhui ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka "Hale Tower" ma Smolenskaya Square I. ZHOLTOVSKOGO hale Mindovsky kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Nikolai Lazarev, ka palena manawa no ka Moscow Art Theatre F. Shechtel, i ka hale o ka State makauliʻi Bank Ivanov-Shicai. Stalin au o ka neoclassicism mea maʻa i kela Lūkini kupa. Ua kaulana skyscraper L. Rudnev, D. Chechulina A. Mordvinova a me 'ē aʻe nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Neoclassicism ma St. Petersburg

Keʻano o kekahi mau ano o ka Neo-panina St. Petersburg i ka kaulana "hale me ka hale kiaʻi" K. Rosenstein. Ma ka mea i intertwined medieval mooolelo me ka oihana mua o kēia, a Classic. Northern kapikala ke kaena ana a me ka hailona no nā hale o kēia kaila. Ua kaulana loa i ka poe iauaeoia: o ka hale-Abamelek Lazarev kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone I. Fomin,-oaio? Tom de Ka Thomon, 'elele o ke kakahiaka nui Neo-panina hale Betlinga hana A. Kalehuawehe, keʻena hale papahana e J. Timofeev Kovarskii a me nā loea hana.