Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bazhenov: hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo. Moscow kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 18th kenekulia

I ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ke kulanakauhale o Moscow makemake ole e piha me ka hai ana mai i ka inoa o ka mea koʻikoʻi Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone like Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov.

Palupalu Kokika - keia mea i ke kaila o ka hapanui o na koena hana o Bazhenov. Ma keia ano, i ka luna 'ua kūkuluʻia Tsaritsyno. Ka hapa nui o nā hale a me nā hale i nui loli mai ka manawa i ka manawa, akā, hoihoi hou hana i mālama 'ia i ka Soviet a me kia-Soviet manawa, kokua, e hoʻihoʻi aku i ka hapanui o ia mau mea.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Ke mau wahi a me ka la o ka hanau ia iʻike Vasily Bazhenov. He Ua hanau March 1, 1737, a me 1738, make ma luna o Augate 2, 1799. Great Russian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ua, mai ka ohana o ka uuku ekalesia kūhelu. E like me kekahi mau kumu, ua hanau ia ma Moscow, ma ka 'ē aʻe - i loko o Maloyaroslavets, a ua neʻe i Moscow i ka ekolu-malama elemakule. I ka 1753 Vasily komo aku la na haumana i Dmitry Uhtomtsevu. Mai ia ia ia i loaa i kona haʻawina mua ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, a kukulu. Piha aʻo wā e hiki mai kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bazhenov i ole i hala hope ka pilikia kālā kahua o ka 'ohana puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia, e haawi mai i kona haʻawina, a hele aku i ka hana. I ka 1755 hoomaka ae la oia këia ma ka Moscow State University. Bazhenov ka mua biographer, ka Kauhalenui o Kiev Eugene Bolkhovitinov, kakau iho la ia i aʻo Basil ma ka Slavic-Greek-Lakina Academy. Mahope noiʻi, keia mea i hōʻoleʻia kāna. Paha, ma keia aoao o ka uhane kanaka UOAAaOON e hoala mai i ka prestige o ka subordinated kulanui ia.

hoike ana o ke talena

I ka 1758 Vasily Bazhenov i waena o ka luna 16 haumāna ma ka hoike o Ivan Shuvalov la oia i hoouna mai ai i St. Petersburg i loko o ka lānai hou kukuluia Halau o Nice Arts. Ka mua ninaninau loea haumāna Vasily Bazhenov hele brilliantly a lanakila mua wahi i loko o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ana. Ke kahuna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka Russian Admiralty Chevakinsky lilo i ka aʻoʻia loa i olelo mua iaʻi, loa hiki hoi a me ke akamai kanaka opiopio.

Ekolu makahiki ma hope Vasily Bazhenov a me Anton Losenko lilo i nā haumāna o ka Halau o Arts, hoʻolilo-hoʻonaʻauao mua.

E möakäka hou apprenticeship i wahi ma Palika ma ka o Nuioka ma o Charles de Ka Wailly. A laila, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bazhenov ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE ka mea hoʻopaipai o ka Farani neoclassicism ma Rusia, a ma luna o nā manaʻo o De Wailly hoʻonoho stylistic Canon o neoclassical Moscow.

He hoi aku ia Rusia ma May 1765 me ka glowing'ōlelo hoʻomaikaʻi no kāna mau impeccable 'oihana a me ka pono ano. Aka hoi, me ka hou ana o ka Academy hookauwa aku la ia ia i kekahi rigorous ninaninau ana i ka hana i koi 'a i ka hou papahana hoʻi hana. Ka mea opiopio Russian kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i kikokiko e Ana II a me Paulo i kana keiki. Ia ka hoʻoilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi, kauoha Bazhenov manao a me ka rula o ka hale ma luna o Stone Island, a ma ka 1766 Grigory Orlov ao mai ai ia i ka hana o ka Arsenal. Ma keia hana o Vasily Ivanovich ma St. Petersburg i pau ai. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bazhenov neʻe i Moscow, kahi āna i noho ai, a hana a hiki i kona make ana.

Kremlin Palace

Ana? Aaeaaaaony i ka manaʻo o ke kūkulu houʻana o dilapidated hale aliʻi o ka Moscow Kremlin. Bazhenov enthusiastically kau e hana. Kela manawa, i ka 1767 a hoike aku i ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa noonoo o ka fantastic manao o ka Big Kremlin Palace. Orlov ninau i ka feasibility o ke kūkulu o ia hale he nui, akā, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i loko o kona hihio o ka imperial noho hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau, a me ka hope o ke kau makahiki 1768, pau i ka hoʻokumu o ka papahana. E like me kona manao ka mea, ua i huli Europe ka lua hale eiiieaen, i loko o ka neoclassical kaila. He Ua manao ia e puku i ka mea kahiko Kremlin loa. Ka ua hoʻololiʻia? Oaony e mālama wale nō i ka ekalesia, i lilo ole hiki mai o ka muliwai, no ka mea, i ka wā e hiki mai i uhi mai ia paia o ka hale. Ma lalo o ka manao, a pau, mai ke kukuluhema alo, oa shestisotmetrovuyu pa o Konstantinovskaya hale kiaʻi ma ka hikina a hiki i ke komohana, a me Borovitskaya hou a ke komohana paia o ka Arsenal a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau, i, e lawe i ka hou eha-moʻolelo hale. His Bazhenov? Oaony i ka waiho 'ana ma luna o ka pali hene ma waena o ka plateau, a me ka Kremlin pa, a i manao iho e lawe. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone aka stacking pohaku buttresses e pale aku i ka ka hāʻuleʻana o ka 'ole i loko o ka muliwai. ? Oaony e hooikaika i ka embankment kahakai, a tarred pauku.

E like me ka papahana i ka mōʻaukala Hale Pule Nui āpana ua malamaia, a ma ka hikina hapa o ka Kremlin poe e uhai hou. Ua ua hoomaka ka hou kahahānai alanui, e hele ana, mai ka piko a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau, ma ka akau-komohana a me ka akau-hikina. I ka hale aliʻi i? Aaony mai ma Tverskaya Street. Ka pāhana Ua manao ia e ka hoʻomaka o ka modernization o ka pau ana o Moscow. I ka 1775, ka ami hooikaika ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Petero a me Nikolai Kozhin Legrand manao i formally aponoia.

Tsaritsyno

I ke kauwela o 1775 Bazhenov Ua ulu i ka hei ana mua o Tsaritsyno, i ka lā i ole, ua malamaia. Hale Bazhenova he pahuhopu nei kau o noa-e ku ana na hale ma ka Lūkini Neo-panina kaila. Ma hope o ka pau 'ana a me ka apono ana o ka Empress o ka manao i aponoia. Ke Hoʻohaku kumuhana ua ia ia i ka hale aliʻi, iloko olaila a mau hale, ai pili aku conservatory. Kekahi'ēheu Ua manao no Ana, a me ka lua o ka - no kana keiki, a me ka hooilina Paul. E like me ka mea i manao ai? Oaony kahiko Lūkini i nā pōpō nā kile me nā mea e nani ai. Ana kū'ē'ē 'ana a Koi ikaika ma luna o ka simpler kēia - pa o kaʻulaʻula pōhaku lepo me ka keʻokeʻo e nani ai, a melemele glazed nā kile ma luna o ka hale.

Bazhenov hoomaka ae la e kukulu ana o ka luna 'a hiki i ka mua lalani o ka hale liʻiliʻi, a me nā'īpuka a me na alahaka, hoʻonaniʻia me ke olonā i leo hone hoʻopau ana i hope, ua nalowale. I ka 1776, ka mea i hope pau Nani Loa kii alahaka ma luna o ke awāwa. Nā hana, he paʻakikī no ka mea, o ka nele o ke akamai poe paahana a me ka hoʻohuikau 'kaʻoihana kālā.

I ka 1777 Bazhenov wāwahi i ka kahiko laau hale o na mea nona kahiko o ka waiwai, a hoomaka ae la ka hana o ka papa kuhikuhiE pā kaua. Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o iaʻewalu makahiki. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kino elua i huiia kekahi hou - Central Paul mau keiki i. Kiaaina James Bruce, ka poe i kipa i ka Tsarina i ka 1784, i Puzzle ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ka luna, me ka kūhelu hale. Akā, oia kana i hoouna nonetheless i hoihoi hoike ia Ana.

Cessation o ka hana ma luna o ka papahana Tsaritsyn

Ma June 1785 Ana palaka kipa Tsaritsyno koe i hauʻoli i ka mea uuku ae o ka hana. Empress Palace auhau like uala pono no ola: he loa pouli wahi maikai loa, haʻahaʻa nā kaupaku, ololi staircase. Kēia makahiki, i ka pilina ma waena o Ana a me Paulo irreversibly deteriorated. Ka Empress Ua hoʻoili i loko o mea o ka succession. A me ka Palace o ka kŰia māhoe lilo politically pololei ole. Ana i kauoha e wāwahi i ka hale, a kūkulu i ka papa kuhikuhiE hale hou. Bazhenov a Kazakov i kauoha e hoʻomōhala hou pāhana. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bazhenov hooku iho la ia i kona pāhana a hiki i ka hope o 1785, akā, ka mea i hooleia, a me Vasili hookuu aku la ia. Ekaterina Kazakova i wae papahana. Bazhenov ka hale i wāwahi i loko o ke kauwela o 1786. Ua Ua manaoio ia Ana i ole lawe Bazhenov ka papahana no ka Masonic symbolism a me ka Kokika kaila. Ua hiki ole eʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka Cossacks i loko o kā lākou papahana, hoopaa mai la, a puana Kokika a me Masonic hoʻi.

lumi kuke Building

Ma Tsaritsyno koe hoʻokahi hou 'ole Bazhenova - lumi kuke hale, a me ka berena House. He He huinahalike hale me ka ua hoʻokōʻia kihi mua papahana no eooie, aee, keʻena, a neo? Aaiiai? No ka hana. Nā manaʻo e hana i ka mea ma luna o ka loko o - i na waiwai a me ke kauwa ole hoʻoneʻe ma ka maka o na hoa a me na kaua Manor. Ma ka honua palaoa o ka pohaku hoalaala ia me ka keʻokeʻo hauneneʻe i mea nui, e malama i ka mahana. Ka mea helehelena holoʻokoʻa ua hoʻonaniʻia me nā hōʻailona :. popo berena o ka berena me ka Diosekouro ka, makaaniani lei, Masonic laina, etc. I kēia manawa,ʻo kaʻai House ua hoʻohana no ka 'aha mele a me ka moʻomeheu hanana'ē aʻe. I kekahi manawa, he mau banquets.

Medium Palace

Opera House, a Middle Dvorets Ekateriny, me ka papalua-hina aeto ma ka parapets facades kope manao e hana no ka poe liilii, kūhelu? Eaia, e like me ka 'aha mele, a hana i loko o ke kauwela. No ka lōʻihi manawa i hoʻohana 'ia i ka hale aliʻi i loko o kekahi alanui. Mai ia ia he wale paia. I ka 1988, ua hoʻomaka 'ewalu-makahiki hoihoi hou ana hana. Maikai loa Acoustic o ka hale e leie aku ia i ka 'aha mele. Aloha no hoi kaua i'ōlelo mai nā hōʻike o nā hana o ke akamai.

Pashkov ka hale

Vasily Bazhenov - i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nana i hana kekahi o ka honua-kaulana hoʻailona o Moscow. Ua Ua kūkuluʻia i loko o 1785-1786 makahiki Pashkov House. Recognizable 'ole hiki pinepine e loaʻa i loko o ka pena, kaha, nā kāleka poʻoleka, Ka Uku Leka A hehi ihola au, pahu o ke kanakē, etc. Ma hope o kona wehe 'ia mai ka papahana "Tsaritsyno" Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov hoomaka lawe malū kauoha mai waiwai Muscovites. No laila, ma luna o ka puu Vagankovsky āna i kūkulu ai i ka nani hale aliʻi o ke keʻokeʻo pōhaku no ka luna-lutanela Semenov regiment a me kana wahine. hale mea helehelena nana i Starovagankovsky Lane, a me ka Kremlin huli konaʻaoʻao hoʻi. Ua Ua ea ae ia ma keia aoao o ka kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoike mai i kona kāʻeoʻeo o ka Empress Tsaritsyno.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o keiki ole nona Pashkov House ili mai iā ia i ka mamao hoahanau, ka mea, hauʻoli e mare i ka heiress, ua hiki ke komo i ka 'ole akau ke kaikamahine a Gold hoʻouku. A laila, i ka Pashkov House kūʻai waihona waiwai.

Russian hou kaila o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone

Russian adherent o neoclassical kula o kuhikuhipuʻuone, Kimia artist, theoretician o kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka mea aʻo Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov a me kona mau nā hoapili haumāna Matvey Kazakov a me Ivan Starov hana i kekahi Lūkini aupuni kuhikuhipuʻuone 'ōlelo a me ka mea i keʻakeʻaʻia e Peter I. At ia manawa, i ka Lūkini hoʻokiwikā kūpono' ana i ka leo o na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone - Quarenghi, Rinaldi, Kailee a me na mea e ae.

Ke kaumaha hopena o ka loea kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone

An kakahiaka hoike ana o ke talena mai o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bazhenov alakai aku i loko o ka pōʻai o ka waiwai ma ka mana tycoons a me nā loea kālai'āina, courtiers. Inexperience ma kalepa a me ka diplomacy, kena ae la i ka pōʻino nui ma ka pilikino a me ka 'oihana spheres o ke ola Vasily Ivanovich. Elua o kona papa kūkulu papahana i haalele no ka manaʻo politika a me kālā kumu. He ua hikiʻole i ka lawe mai i kona pāhana no ka ho'āla houʻana i ka Luna Nui Kremlin Palace. Ua lukuʻia Ana II Ka imperial Palace ma Tsaritsyno, ua e lilo i ka 'ōlelo o nā mea a pau Tsaritsyno eiiieaena a. Kekahi pāhana, ka Moscow State University hale, haawi ala i ka pāonioni paʻa pahikaua me mamua he poe hana lokomaikai, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, Prokofiev Demidov, a ua alakai aku i ka piha panakalupa Bazhenov. Ma mua o kona make ana, Vasily loa nui kou manaʻo e pili ana i ka hopena o kā lākou mau keiki, no ka mea, makau loaʻa o ka mea, ia lakou iho hoʻomau ana i loko o ka hana hana, i kona manaʻo like me ka mea o ke kolohe a me ka hoʻopunipuni.

Ka ho'oilina Bazhenova

Bazhenova'āina hoʻoili nō koe aole i hiki maopopo hoomaopopo. Aia nā mea pohihihi e pili ana i ke kilo wahi ia ia i kekahi mea. Ma kekahi, e like me ia paha ka hale Bazhenov kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Pashkov House? Ua Ua manaoio aku i keia mea i ka hana ana o kana poe haumana, ka mea ana i hoomakaukau ai no na makahiki o ke ao ana ma ka Halau o Arts. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Ana Paul au i kauoha mai ai Vasily Ivanovich Hope-Peresidena o ka Academy. Study o kona hoʻoilina nui noiʻi, ma ka nui, Igor Grabar, Shvidkovskiy hana Mahalo iā ia i ka hailona, akā,ʻaʻole nā mea a pau i maopopo. Ma "Notes ma na mea makau o Moscow" Karamzin hoʻohālikeʻana Bazhenova pāhana me Plato ka Repubalika a me Thomas More ka Utopia. Malia paha i ka ke kumu ka mea, i ole eeiaeea.