He aha mea he engraving? Vintage engraving (Hawaii photo)

He aha mea he engraving? Kēia ninau mea o ka hoihoi ana i na mea he nui. Ma kekahi sonorous haole hua'ōlelo ua pili i ke kiʻi o ka Mea Paipala moʻolelo ma ka metala paha pohaku papa, 'ē aʻe manaʻo i kēia mea pono i ka unuhi, kiʻi kālaiʻia me ka pahi ma luna o ka papaʻaina.

Aka hoi, o ka ninau: "He aha wahi?" - hiki ole ke pane aku unambiguously, e like me ka 'ike loea o ke kiʻi i loa eiiieaena. Akā, i kekahi hiki me ka oiaio e olelo aku nei. Engraving - keia mea he kūikawāʻano o Kimia nō, a i kona mau poʻokela Artists, a me ka hoopau haku.

engraving lako a

Ke no o ka pena, aole ia e pū kekahi oaoieei-paha, ma ka hou ana i ka lākou o ka noʻeau brushes, koho waihoʻoluʻu a me ka easel. ʻO kekahi mea - wahi mea e noi mai ana i ka nunui-iiaie oaoieei aʻo, me ka hailona o ka hookolokoloia holo. Akā, laila, no ke aha la ka mea pono? 'Aʻole ia maʻalahi e kikoo aku i ke kiʻi, a mai hoomaunauna i ko oukou manawa a me ka ikehu ma luna o kona mau kope mau. Ka nui i kaʻoiaʻiʻo nō 'aʻole e tolerate repetitions. Akā, iʻaneʻi, i kēia rula 'aʻole e hana. engraving hookoia ke moe i loko o kona hana, unuhi aku la ia 'ole kuhihewa ia.

Kiʻi loaa mīkini hana i kapaia "puka". Naʻe, i ka puka - i ka puka, mai kekahi mai o na palapala a me ka puka - ua imprinted me ka kii plaque. He aha mea he engraving, mai ka oiai ua ike mai o manufacturing 'enehana? Simple manipulation, a ma ia mea, he pono e holo ikaika aku nei i ka pepa pepa a hiki i ka papa, i mea i mua pili HW. Keia pepa Ua laila, pono e kaawale mai ka papa - a ua kokoke no ia e kakau.

Metal a me ka laau

ole Art wahi mea ma ka puka, a ma ka hana ana i ka palapala, a au hiki laila e kekahi helu o ke kope. Ka ikaika o ka mea o ke kūkulu o ka "papa", e e loaʻa i ka nui nā manaʻo. Nā kaha mea a mau ano: kiʻekiʻe a me ka gravure pai. Ka papa hana mua o ka palapala noʻeau recess o ke aniani, i loko o ia ke ala i ka kalameaʻai hoololiia a hiki i ka pepa mai ka pā ili o ke oki kumu. A lua o iaoia? Eaaaony i ka HW hele ma luna o ka pepa o ka pepa mai o na recesses piha ia i ka "papa".

Ke akamai originated i loko o ka 15th kenekulia, mai laila pinepine ae la oia Hoʻololi '. Engraving papa mua i ka pahu keleawe me ka loa pahee metala. Ma hope, he mau xylographic 'enehana ma i ka papa i oki mai ka paa lāʻau. Kēia papa hana i ua emi manawa-hoopauia'na, aole hoi i heluia ka mea, ua hiki i ka ho okumu ana i nunui-waihoʻoluʻu wahi. No keia mea ka mea, ua pono ia e kekahi mau papa me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha okoa o ka unuhi hehee wale. I ka pepa i hoopili alternately i kēlā me kēia papa, me ka waena ka maloʻoʻana, a ma ke ano kiʻi i loaa.

pā waina engraving

Wahi lilo he ākea ma ka 15th kenekulia. Ka loa waiwai wahi i ua hana i ka mea ia manawa, i loko o nā nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao o ka German artist Martin Schongauer a me Albrehta Dyurera. Mākou e haalele ole oia ia ia Italians Andrea Mantegna a me Antonio Pollaiuolo.

Ma ka 16th kenekulia nō pukaʻoe i ua hoʻomano ike ma Europe engraving i hoala mai ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe nō, ka hapanui hoomaikai i masterpieces ma Dürer, e like me "Ka Lau nā hoʻoholo lio o ka Apocalypse," "ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Make," "Melancholia".

I ka pau ana o ka 16th kenekulia ia i ka Hopu i loko o ke akamai o ka engraving, noonoo ole nō i loko o ka hala, ua he kiʻiona, a oki ma ka 'enehana ua lilo hou eiiieaena, ia laua a me keʻa-hatching ke loaʻa iā fantastic hualoaʻa ma ka hoʻokō' ana aku hoopuni iho kani kanawai a me ka hula o ka malamalama a me ka malu. Ke Kii loaa na hoailona o ka ano hoohanohano a mea i ka impetus no hou hou 'ana i kūpono.

ulu ana wahi

hoomaka ae la e pili i ka etching o ka metala waihona ipu Artists, a loaa enehana etching, i pua i ka piha ikaika wale nō i loko o ka 17th kenekulia. A maikaʻi loa portraitist Rembrandt i komo wahi, a loaʻa nui i ka pomaikai ma keia kahua. Artist Zhan Kallo loa hoʻolaʻa i kona ola a hiki i ke akamai o ka engraving, a hana i ka gale o nā kiʻi o kona wā. Klod Lorren lilo hoihoi i loko o ka unuhi ana i kona poe i pena i loko o kaha. A Rubens hoʻonohonoho i ka kūikawā Workshop, i paʻi i kona mau pena.

hiʻona

Ke 17th kenekulia i ke gula makahiki o ka ulu ana o ka hou nō - kahakaha ana a me etchings. Papa Inoa o ka Huli i ma a ka artist hana, a pau hoʻonui. He mau kiʻi a me nā Landskap, pastoral, kaua, e hoohuli, nō lifes, na holoholona a me ka poʻe e noho ana i ka moana kai hohonu. He nui Artists o ka manawa i loaʻa 'e ho'āʻo i ko lakou lima ma ka no o ka engraving. Aia ua pau albums, hui thematically ma Wale a me ka noʻeau kai. Koke lilo kaulana satirical etchings o Hogarth, Daniel Chodowiecki'āhihi moʻo o nā kaha o Maui Goya.

Art wahi ma Japan

Japan, i ikeia no kona noʻeau i waha, i ole hele aku. Japanese wahi - mea he okoa ahu iho la ka moʻomeheu aupuni, kekahi hapa o kona aupuni nō. Ka moʻolelo o nā wahi mua, "ukiyo-e" i kona aʻa ma ka 17th kenekulia. A laila, i ka Japanese woodcut pai iʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. I ke kakahiaka nui 18th kenekulia, ua wahahee Artists waihoʻoluʻu pai, a me "ukiyo-e" hoopahaohao.

Engraving ma Iapana loaʻa inexpensive, a keia manawa, napoo koi. Ka mea, eh ÷ ike ai, e hoohuli mai i ke ola o ke ano o kanaka. Keia mea kuhikuhi i ka nani geisha (ka mea, ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumuhana), a laila, hele sumo wrestlers, a ma kolu o ka wahi, ua kaulana nā mea hana keaka o Kabuki hale kiaka. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ka mea i hele mai i loko o vogue panorama engraving.

Hoomalu ana o ka loa waiwai 'ikamu

Ka loa kaulana etchings, o ka poe kahiko a me ka hana i loko o nā manawa, e systematized. Engraving kiʻi i loaʻa i ka lehulehu, i kona mau kakau helu, a, e like me ka rula, ua kakau. Kēia mea e hōʻoia 'ia kona noʻeau cia koe untouched. Pohihihi he nui, e like me masterpieces Albrehta Dyurera, ma lalo o ka malu o UNESCO. Ke ao nei-kaulana a pakahi aku la ia waiwai kaha, kiʻi a me nā kumu kāki i o i i ke aupuni 'o kūikawā nā palapala kuhikuhi Interpol, hoomaluia ma kuikawa lawelawe.

modernity

I ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, i ka ulu ana o ka engraving me ka oe palapala hoomauia. Ma lalo o Soviet rula, ua he a pau ka hanauna o ka loea Artists ka poe i hana ana i loko o ke kula o etchings a me ka wahi. I loko o kēia wā engraving ua hoano e kona aʻe ala, unuhi aku la ia i oi huikau, kona 'aoʻao o hele mai i kona climax. I ka 30-ies hana Lūkini, a ma hope Soviet engraving kula, a hooku iho la ma ka loea Artists, e like me kā lākou mau haumāna. Ke ana o ka hou? Acaeoey o ke akamai o ke etching loomed anuenue. A laila, ma ka prewar makahiki, engraving lilo i ka pelaha, a me kona hiʻona ua hoole mai markedly.

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II no aneane 20 makahiki, wale na wahi i hua mai la i ka mea o inexpensive pono akā, Soviet propaganda. Currently, ka no o ka engraving mea i loko o ka stalemate,ʻaʻohe hou enthusiasts, Artists a 'oi pū i loko o kālepa pāhana. ʻOiai i keia la ma ka ninau o mea ka engraving, i kekahi Lūkini ma ka oihana, e haawi aku i ka hulina olelo. Paha ma laila e e houʻano o nā wahi i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, no ka mea, ka mea akamai i ka hana, e hoʻomaha hoʻi i ka hou guises.