He aha ka na biomechanics o Meyerhold?

Mawaena o ka nui keaka alakaʻi Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda inoa ku kekahi ma ke kaʻawale. Paha ke kumu me ka nānā 'misunderstood a overly huali kanaka. A i 'ole ka Soviet Aupuni ho'āʻo e retouch i kou mau hewa a me ka ho'āʻo mai i ka hōʻike i ka inoa o kekahi loea kanaka nana i pana aku la ia i ka 1940. Akā, me ka hooulu ana o ke keaka, la oia i ke Kiure Nui na makana. Created ma ka mea nāna i hana nui o ka'ōnaehana o ke aʻo no a pau na nā mea hana keaka komo i ka maʻamau o ke ola ana o ka hale kiaka i kapaia "Biomechanics o Meyerhold."

hoʻololi mooolelo

Vsevolod Meyerhold? Ac? Biomechanics - ole wale kekahi o ka loa nui nenoai o nooaai? I ka Mea Keaka, ka mea iʻikeʻia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui iwakālua kenekulia, a loaʻa kona kūpono 'ana i loko o nā hana o mau hope lehulehu a me ka haumana. Ma kona ano, na biomechanics o Meyerhold - o ka luna 'a me ka intriguing makakū kaʻina, a e e hoohalike ana i ka nui pōʻaiapili. Ka, a oi papalua semantic wa ke keʻena o ka makaukau ana o ka Mea Keaka ina he mea kekahi mau incarnations. Kekahi o ia mea hoihoi i loko o ka kūlike loa me mechanical functioning o ke kanaka kino - he ka naauao a me ke wńnana i. Kekahi ke keʻena e like ana, e pahu aku ai i ke kino maoli, e hoala i ka nui o ka? Acaeoey, e kū ai i ka maikaʻi.

Ka loa hoʻokahuli aupuni 'ana i kūpono i kapa like biomechanics o Meyerhold, mea i kona kanaka haku manaoio i ka hana o ka playwright, a me ka mea kuhikuhi wale i ka hoomakaukau ke kahua. A pau i ka mea naʻau kaumaha o ka hula i ia e hana me Kāʻeokūlani, ma ka K'lauea aoao elua - ka Mea Keaka, a me ka hoolohe.

Meyerhold (1874-1940): He pōkole Kawaihae

He mea hiki ole e maopopo i nā elue o ka iaoiaeii ua i ike mau ia me ke ola o kona mea nāna i hana. He Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka Hui ohana Russified. He Ua hoʻonaʻauao ma ka Moscow keaka a me ka mele kula (papa VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). He hana i loko o ka Moscow Art Kino, a ma hope hoʻonohonoho i ka hale kiaka pae ma Kherson.

Mai ka 1905, ua hana ia ma Moscow. E like me ka mea kuhikuhi, au i kono ia K. S. Stanislavskim (Kino Studio ma kānaka poʻo kuke), a me ka hope V. F. Komissarzhevskoy (Schauspielhaus). I loko o kēia wā, Meyerhold o ke kahua i ka helu o ka hana i loko o ka mālama '-symbolic ano - na huapalapala i ole huapalapala i? Anoee, a me ka'āina i hala conditionally.

I ke kakahiaka nui 20-ies i hana o ka hou mea kākau o ka manaʻo, a i vigorously hoʻolaulaha Meyerhold - biomechanics. E hoohana i hoʻohana 'ia iʻana, e leie aku no ka papa hoʻolaukahi, efficient hana o na Artists pae. Ka papa hana i AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka moku'āina o ka mea a pau lehulehu. He Ua huli no ka mea maikaʻi incarnation o collectivism. I kānāwai Constructivism a me Biomechanics hoole aku i ke noi mai o ka pahale ao nei a hiki i ka pilikia makapō 'ia. Meyerhold manaoio i? Aneie aʻe pāʻani he kūlana kuleana, a ma ia mea mea e pono ke kamaʻilio i ka Mea Nānā ka Emotions a me ka loko ao o ka huapalapala. A hoʻomaʻamaʻa Mea Keaka-hale, a nona pono pāpana a me ka pāʻana i kou kino - i ka mea i ai i ia i ka luna hoʻokele no ka mea e kō o kona mau manao. Over manaʻo o ko lākou mau manaʻo i loko o hana kau wela, ua hana a kona mau lā hope.

Ma June 1939, i hopu ia e ka NKVD i hoopii wahahee V. E. Meyerhold. Ma lalo o ke alahouana,, Hai akaka mai la ia i ka Anati-Soviet haʻawina, akā, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ke recant i kona hoike. I ka hoohewaia e Ua haawiia mai ai o Pepeluali 1, 1940. I ka mea e hiki mai ana ka lā. I ka 1955, Meyerhold i rehabilitated (posthumously).

Ma ka hou o puppets

Great ole i ka hana o Meyerhold i na hana o ka German dramatist a me ka mea kākau Heinrich av Kleist (1777-1811), pakahi aku la ia i kona (essay) ma luna o ka puppet hale kiaka. Nā kākau manaʻo i kanaka nā papaha mai ole nei kū kaʻawale, akā, e hoi malalo o ko kiekie mana. na kanaka a pau i loko o kona naauao, ua wale puppet mea, subordinate i ke Akua. E uhai i kēia pilina ke alakai i ka kala ana o ke kanaka, a hoʻi ia a hiki i ka moku'āina o ka piha primitive lokahi. ʻOiai ka mea kākau i hoʻokomo 'ia ia kekahi hanana hiki paha a unimaginable chaos. Biomechanics o Meyerhold nuiʻelemakule ma na manao i hoikeia Kleist.

Ke kau wela a ua kauoha aku e hana i kekahi ano o ke aʻo, ma a ka Mea Keaka ke hoʻokō ike lea ana, ua hahau mai i kona kino. E nā ka mea nāna i hana, a me ka mea no ka manaʻo, hooponopono, a e noho mana ana i loko o kona ea - i ka mea i ka hana e 'alo he moʻolelo keaka wale Biomechanics o Meyerhold.

'Aʻole wale nō i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ke kū hoʻokahiʻano hana o ke aʻo nā mea hana keaka i ua poina no na makahiki, a ua ole, ua aʻoʻia e akamai. Ua hiki ke ike like politically ohohia hoomaau mai ana i ke ano akamai kau wela ma ka pau ana o kona ola: o ka Stalinist hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka, e like me ka hopena o ka i huli mai e e liquidated Meyerhold Kino, hopu ia ia, a me ka pana ma Pepeluali 1940. I mea, a hiki i kēia lā i nā biomechanics o Meyerhold hiki ole hiki. Hana nui, mai ka oihana mōʻaukala o ke keaka, i ka manawa, nalowale mai o ka 'oihana e kamailio nei.

I loko nō o ka declassification o na palapala, i nalowale i nā subtleties a pau o ka palapala 'ana i kūpono ma nā 90s. Kekahi lāliʻi i ua malamaia wale i loko o ka palapala o na haumana a me ka ukali i ka wa a ka luna hoʻokele o ke ola hele i ka haku ka papa ma na biomechanics o Meyerhold. He ana ia ia iho i loko o kona mau mooolelo i i waiho i kekahi clarification o nā kumu a me nā kumu o kona 'oihana, a me ka hoʻohana' ana i kūpono kēia manawa i ka nānā 'ana wale nō ma luna o eyewitness iaiyoe.

nohona, ao ke ano

Ole o biomechanics ma ka noʻeau kahua a me ka ulu ana o ka Mea Keaka ka nā papaha mea, alahula mau. Akā, ka mea, ua i kaupalena 'ia kona Loaʻaʻia. He hiki i ka'ōnaehana i ole wale noʻeau waiwai. ʻOiai ka Meyerhold loa e mai o ka maka o ke kumu i ka hale keaka, akā, ke manaoio nei au i ka Loaʻaʻia mea nui nui biomechanics. I mea e maopopo i kēia wahi o ke hoomaopopo, he mea pono e noonoo i ka mea a na biomechanics o Meyerhold, i loko o ka mōʻaukala pōʻaiapili.

Ka'ōnaehana Ua hanaia me ka hopena o ia mea i kauoha ia i kahiko moʻolelo keaka wale Huli i: Comedy dellʻarte a Japanese hana keaka Kabuki. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa keʻano hana i hanaia i kekahi manawa, i ka wa Meyerhold maopopo kākoʻo Communist nā manaʻo. He makemake i nā mea o ke keaka oe , e lawe i wale i ka pokole o ko ke ao nei ma ke artist. Ka papa paio, ka nohona nīnūnē, ka hanaia'na o ka hou kanaka type - e hana aku i kēia mau nīnūnē me Meyerhold. Biomechanics a me kia pokole noonoo i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka manaʻo nui o kona manawa - ka ami hooponopono, hoɃoponopono i hana a me na mea e ae. Akā,ʻo ia i hooki i ka e ke ano akamai i loko o ka noʻeau ano, he maikaʻi physical aʻo a me ka moʻolelo keaka wale iaoia.

Biomechanics a me sotsiomehanika

maopopo i ka loa o ka pā o ke kaʻina mea pono, e hoʻi i kekahi manawa ka wā i hanaʻia biomechanics o Meyerhold. Kekahi o kona mau hoa ua he ao alohilohi i ideologue o ke kipi, a me ka hou o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni A. V. Lunacharsky - hana keaka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka mea mua People ka Commissar o Education o ka Soviet Rusia. He mea pinepine noho pilikia no ka ike maopopo ana o ka mea kuhikuhi, akā, ua manaoio ia, i lana ai, he loea a me ka palapala makakū kanaka. Lunacharsky hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o "sotsiomehaniki" - He'ōnaehana ke hoʻololi i ka noiʻi i kanaka ano i loko o kona kino nohona āina a puni, a nāna hoʻi i hana maoli nā kiʻi o ka Contemporary ke kahua pela.

I loko nō o ka nohoaliʻi Akä naÿe ma waena o nā kulaʻelua, Meyerhold pili kēia like me kona counterpart. Like me ko lakou manao i ka hana a me ka manao ana o ke akamai. 'Aelike i ka mea maikaʻi i ke kanaka ua wehewehe aku ma ka papa ike paka a me nā hana i ka hui, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ke kanaka me ka psychologist. Biomechanics, Meyerhold hoʻomohala, ua lilo i ka manaʻo o ke kipi ma luna o ke kahua. Penei nō au noonoo wale kona nuʻukia maker o ke kahua.

Mai ka scientific wahi o ka nānaina

Ma ke kumu o ka mea iʻikeʻia e hoouna ae maloko Biomechanics Meyerhold? Hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni'ōnaehana ua hapa ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka ike, mamao wehe' ia mai ka poepoe o ke akamai. Ua waiho iho la i ke kahua haʻawina Amelika lunaʻenehana Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Kona pähola 'ana o ka efficient hoʻolālā o ka hana i hoʻohana' ia ma luna o ke kahua. I ka pololei o na nā mea hana keaka neʻe a me ergonomics i loaʻa debilitating kino a me ka mahele ana ma luna o ka holoholona hihiu loop: manao, hana, reactions. Ua hiki kauoha analogy me Taylor "hana kalapona".

A helu o ka holomua ike i kona manawa i hoʻohana i nā biomechanics o Meyerhold. he ano o ka hoʻokō 'ana i ka lńkou na nā mea hana keaka ma muli o kaʻike manaʻo o Ivana Pavlova noiʻi (1849-1936), hoʻohana i ka hana o V. M. Behtereva (1857-1927) i loko o ke kula o ka reflexology. Ka manaʻoʻike moku'āina o ka meʻe o ka hula me ka lākou o nā reflexes hiki ke Hahai I loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hula "Ka Forest" A. N. Ostrovskogo: e auou caiaiai ka meʻe ka manaʻo ma Lele. Kēlā me kēia hou ala hou ma luna o ka mua launa kino mamua. Na Ka Mua o ka hula i wahi i loko o ka Meyerhold Kino i ka makahiki 1924.

biomechanics o Nuioka ma

Ho'āʻo mea kuhikuhi Meyerhold huli pono pa no ke aʻo ana i kā lākou mau'ōnaehana i lewa a hiki ma caricatures o ia mau makahiki. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea o ka eha Meyerhold E kiʻi i ka na hale a pau, a hiki a hiki mai i ka. Ka mea, ua, a me Alexandrinsky Kino, a me Suvorinsky a me atelier ma i kona makemake, e hana i kona iho Workshop. E like me ka hopena, i loaʻa ka lumi, a komo aku la i ka mōʻaukala o ka hale kiaka me Borodino Studio.

Ka maʻamau pū papa ma ka mokomoko, ai i na, gymnastics, panina a me ke kālā no ka hula, ke oli, diction, juggling. Ma waho aʻeo i keia ao aku keaka mōʻaukala,? Aneia iainiiaaiea, a me ka kālaimeaola. Ua haawiia i ke 'ano o ke kanaka, ua hiki ke olelo aku me ka maluhia i na biomechanics o Meyerhold - ka Mea Keaka mea he piha aʻo kahua.

he houʻano o ka Mea Keaka

na nā mea hana keaka i waiho ai imua stringent koi. Ka mea, he poe i hui ma ke kahua o ka hana keaka a me ka hihiu Chinese keaka mele, choreography a me ka tightrope-hele, gymnastics a me clownery. Mau mea i nā Pahuhopu hoonoho Meyerhold. Biomechanics pokole, a ma ka pōkole manawa e leie aku mākou i loaʻa ai i ka makemake kanawai. Mahalo i ka ia, kela mea keia mea o na nā mea hana keaka hiki mau hoʻoikaika 'ana a me ka pololei i ka ukana o kona mauʻano o ka hōʻike. Meyerhold manaoio aku i ka hale kiaka, aole ia i tolerate immobility, mau i loko o ka wikiwiki, a me ke hoʻomaopopo iho i wale i ka makana. A me ke kahua Mea Keaka e ole blindly hele me ka manawa, a ua koiia e imi mai a me ka hoʻokolohua.

hoʻokolohua

Hookupaaia o Nuioka ma e ole e ke kumu o ka hou keaka, a i ole lawe i ka Mea Keaka ka kula pilikia. Kona manao ua okoa - lilo i kekahi ano o ka moʻolelo keaka wale keʻena hoʻokolohua. Biomechanics Vsevoloda Meyerholda ninau mai këia hana lula a me ke kahua me ka hele, improvisation a me ka ikaika adherence i ka wela a ka manao.

Creative hoʻokolohua ma ka hou'ōnaehana ua i kaupalena 'wale i ka hana me na nā mea hana keaka. Unuhi i ka ulu mai circus aesthetics fairground keaka, Comedy dellʻarte, ka luna hoʻokele? Aeiino? Kalaiaina a puni. He haawi mai i ka ike weliweli a me ka hookaawale ana o ke kahua a me ka auditorium. No ka mea nā mea hana keaka i hana mai i ka ekolu-dimensional metala hale, a kapa aku la ia i ka "hihiu mīkini". Me he ki i - hoonoho iho la i ka hula "Ka Magnanimous Cuckold" ma muli o F. Fernand Crommelynck (1886-1970). Moʻa i ka uliuli nohona ma nā mea hana keaka hoʻokani ma ke kahua me kaʻikena hoʻopuniʻia e ka gymnastic i hoʻomākaukauʻia. I nā hana mākou i nunui-hoʻohana paepae, scaffolding, ke alahaka a me scaffolding, ai pili aku ana me ka hoolohe.

Ka mea hikiʻano

Kekahi o ka? Aaei kino kuhikuhi 'ku i ko lakou mau haumana. "E lele i ka pahu" - ike me ka hōʻikeʻana i nā manawa kūpono mohai aku ma na biomechanics o V. E. Meyerholda. Kona simplest incarnation i ka lewa ma ka mea inoa. Kekahi o na nā mea hana keaka e ku ana ma ke kahua, e waiho ana ia i kekahi wāwae i loko o ke alo o ka mea'ē aʻe kūpaʻa oweliweli. Ka lua o ka haumana holo mai, a Lele pono ma luna o laila. I ka Ia manawa, ua hookomo i kona mau wāwae lena ma na kuli i mua, a E kiʻi i ka ka hoapili ia ka ai. Ka Mea Keaka mua hooponopono iho i ke hopu i kekahi paha mau lima wāwae ma lalo o nā kuli lele.

Ka Ikepili o keia ao hōʻike mai ana i pono e papa hoʻolaukahi ma ka makahiki nā nā mea hana keaka. e lawe mai lākou ka neʻe 'ana i ka automatism. lele koaʻano, a me ka holo ala ua loa subordinated i ka kūpili o hoɃoponopono i hana i ka pahu hopu o ka mea kuhikuhi. Eia hou kekahi, kela mea keia mea o na nā mea hana keaka hana lākou mau kanaka hana nona ma ka hoʻokō 'ana i ka hoʻomaopopo like, ami hopena. I ua ke kumu o ao haawe ana, a lawe i nā biomechanics o Vsevoloda Meyerholda.

I ko makou manawa,

I loko nō o nā makahiki intervening, Meyerhold ka nenoaiu o ke aʻo nā mea hana keaka i ole nalowale kona hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana. He no ka mea o ke kūkākūkā a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka moʻolelo keaka wale koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Mākou ke olelo aku i ka wā eʻikeʻia i nā biomechanics o V. E. Meyerholda mamao mamua o ka manawa. He nui o na haumana i ke kemu Vsevoloda Emilevicha'ōnaehana i loko o kona o Nuioka ma, lilo loa-ikeia nā mea hana keaka a me nā alakaʻi. Kā lākou mau hana mau manao kaulana haku hala ma i mahope hanauna, a me ka hana i keʻakeʻa i ka manawa me ka ona pana, puhi muffled i loko o nā hale ahu o ka Lubyanka i loko o ka hooilo 1940.