Ka maikai loa i pena e Durer. "Melancholia" ma Dürer

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), German pena, Kimia artist, he koʻikoʻi theorist o ke akamai, i hānauʻia ma ka ohana o ka nui o Hunakalia Albrehta Dyurera Sr., a Barbara Holper kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ka ohana i noho ai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Nuremberg ua aia ma ka hema-hikina hapa o Germany. I ka makua kāne, he mea hana gula, i ke keiki ho'āʻo i ka haʻaheo lāhui pono i loko o ka jeweler kaʻoihana, akā, no ka opiopio Albrecht i makemake e lilo i artist. A i ka wā i 15 makahiki Dürer muli loa, i hoouna aku ai i ka Workshop o kaulana Nuremberg pena Michael Wohlgemuth ia.

Ka mea mua a me ke kapuai o ka opiopio artist

Albrecht hoao i ka makemake a me ka hiki haumāna,ʻo ia i loko o ka pōkole manawa E ke Kumu i ka walaʻauʻana canons o ka pena, a kakau iho la kekahi mau mea uuku i pena. Dürer pena i ua apono ia e ke kumu. Wohlgemuth, i hou ia e pili ana i pena, aʻo kiʻi. Kona wahi, i ke kanaka ma muli o woodcuts (engraving ma luna o ka wahie), hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kona puke "Nuremberg Chronicle" Hartmann Schedel, he Kelemānia cartographer. Ki i Wohlgemuth a me kona mau haumāna aha ke kumu nui loa o ka puke, a hele ae la ia ma ka moolelo like me ka hana ana o ke akamai. Ka mea kākau no kekahi o na wahi i loko o ka puke "Dance o Holo Malie" ua Albrecht Dürer.

makakū hele ana

Ma ka 15th kenekulia i loko o Kelemania, ua he mooolelo o ka haumāna huakaʻi, oiai i ka apprentice kama'āina me ka hana ana o Artists, mai nā wahi mai o ka aina. He i ia i ka hele ana, a me ka poe hou pena Dürer. Kona holo ana makahiki eha, mai ka 1490 a hiki i 1494-la. Ma waho aʻeo no nā kūlanakauhale Kelemānia o ka artist Dürer, nona ka pena i mua loa ai ua kaulana, i kipa i ke kulanakauhale ma Kuikilana, a me ka Netherlands, e loaa invaluable ka hoao ana mai o ka haku nui o Flemish pena , a Hawaiian akamai ma ka engraving. E hoʻomaka ana i kona hele ana, Dürer makemake e hālāwai ai me ka artist Martin Schongauer, āna i manaʻo like me ka hae o ke poʻokela i loko o ka pilikia makapō au kahiko. Ia Schongauer ma Colmar i noho ai, a hana kahakaha ma ke keleawe. Naʻe, i ka halawai ana o nā Artists i ole lawe wahi, me Martin koke ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o Albrecht make.

Basle

Albrecht Dürer, i pena a me nā kaha i i muaʻikeʻia i loko o ka pōʻai o ka poe akamai, halawai me ke kaikaina o ka hopena o Martin Schongauer, Ludwig, ka mea i kahakahaia ma luna o ke keleawe. Ludwig a Albrecht haawi i kona hoao ana. Nā mīkini home keleawe engraving Jewelry koi 'ia nā mākau, a me ka mea, ua noho Durer, mai like me ka teenager, oia kana a mau makahiki e kōkua ma ka Jewelry Shop i kona makua kāne. Albrecht neʻe i Basel, pai ana i waena. Ma Basel, ua ola ia kekahi o Schongauer kaikaina, Georg. Cooperating ana me ia, E ke Kumu Durer a pau na subtleties o e pili ana i ka buke o ke kaha, a ma hope o ka manawa i hoomaka ai e hele mai i loko o ka ki io, na buke o Basel i loko o ka hou, mamuaʻike, kaila. ʻike hoʻokumu Durer hemolele, oia ana hoʻohana i ka hou palapala. Ma ka puke "moku kaua o ka poe" ma ka German satirist Sebastian Brant, he 75 o kona Kimia ki io. ¶ A i loko o Basel Dürer i hana mai i ka moʻo o kahakaha no ka puke o comedies Popelio Terence, i ka Roma Comedy. Basel Albrecht hele i Strasbourg, kahi āna i kākau ihola i kona kaulana "pakiko-Makuahine me ka pua kala", a ua hoouna mai ai i ka wahine mare.

E hoʻi iā Nuremberg

Ma Nuremberg Albreht Dyurer, i pena i i kākau mamua i loko o ka uhane o Kelemāniaʻono, hoi aku la i ka 1494 me ka nui nui o ka ike i loaa mai i eha makahiki o ka hele maʻEulopa. Koke oia i mare Agnes Frey, respectable kaikamahine, ke kaikamahine a Hansa Freya, kahua i Workshop pololei ana kani. Marriage haawi Albrecht ka manawa e hoʻomaka kā lākou mau hana. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hoʻokumu i kona iho Workshop ma Nuremberg,ʻo ia wale nō i loko o 1495, no ka mea, elua mahina ma hope o kona mare ana, hele i Italia, kahi ana i ike lea i ka hana o Giovanni Bellini, he pena o ka Venetian kula, a me Mantegna, sticking hoopaapaa a me kaʻoʻoleʻa kaila o ka pena Padua. Kekahi mau pena e Dürer i hope i kākau i loko o ka oia e like. A sketch o ka panorama ano, Dürer i i ka hele ana i Italia, hope lilo kahakahaʻana.

kaha

Ma kona hoʻi mai Italy Albrecht Dürer wehe i kona Workshop, a malaila i ka aʻe 10 makahiki i ke-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o woodcuts a me ke keleawe ulaula. Hana pū 'ana me nā hoapili Nuremberg-haku - Hans av Kulmbach a me Hans Shoyfelinom, lako Dürer kaha ka hōʻikeʻana a paʻi o Pindar, a me Goltselya Koberger. Albrecht hana ua hohonu poʻomanaʻo ano, o ko lakou mea e like ai ua ma ke kiʻekiʻe noʻeauʻilikai. Dürer Ua manaoia he hoopau haku o ka puke kaha kiʻi. I ka 1498 i ka hoʻopuka Koberger paʻi i ka puke "Apocalypse", i nā 15 woodcuts Kimia artist, a me "Ka Lau nā hoʻoholo lio" a me "Ke kaua o Arhangela Mihaila me ka deragona." Na pena "Apocalypse" Dürer ua noʻonoʻo i ka pono o kana hana. Ke theme like e hoohui mai ia 15 moʻolelo i loko o ka manaʻo aukahi a pau, i brilliantly lewa ka artist. Kēlā engraving me ia mea he hoomau o ka mua, a ma mua o ka mea e hiki mai ana. A me ka mea hope, i ka 1514, ka mea, ua i hana pohihihi keleawe engraving me ke kuleana "Melancholia". Dürer pena ma luna o ka mea i hānauʻo anela, a, apparently, ua i wehewehe aku ma ka mea naʻau inā pilikia ka haumāna.

pena

"Apocalypse" Albrecht Dürer i lawe mai ai nā hualoaʻa a kaulana, a me ka "Melancholia" ma Durer komo i ke gula dala o ke olonā i kilokilo. Kekahi nui hana o ka artist ka puke "ke kuko o St. Brigid", i komo pū 30 kaha. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka hana ma na ki o ke kālā no na buke, Dürer kekahi hana etchings no na hana o ka wa kahiko kākau e like me Aristotle a me Theophrastus, Aristophanes a me Lucian. Lālau kiʻi, aole ia i waiho a me ka pena Albrecht, Durer kekahi manawaʻikeʻia i mua o ka lehulehu. Nō hoʻi i loko o nā makahiki 1497-1499 ka mea, kiʻi i pena: Albrehta Dyurera ka hiapo, i ka artist ka makua kāne, i ka poe koho Frederick III o Saxony, Oswald Krell, he kālepa hope paha. Kekahi o ka loa ma ko hana i loko o ka pena ua noʻonoʻo Durer pena "ka Adoration o ka Magi." Next hele mai i ka "Dresden Altarpiece" a me ka "ehaeha ehiku" - he nui polyptych.

Venice

I ka 1505 Dürer hele i Italia hou. Ma Venice, i palapala mai "ka ahaaina o ka lei kolona i", akā, i i hana i ke kiʻi ma luna o ka hana kuʻuna canvas, a ma luna o ka papa o ka popela maka, me ka manao, e waiho ia ma ka ekalesia o San Bartolomeo kokoke i ka German kālepa ka hale o Fondaco Dei- Tedeschi. Kauoha kiʻi o kaulana Kelemānia poe kuai. Currently, ka "ahaaina o ka lei kolona i" i loko o ka National Gallery ma Palaka. Ke au o ka manawa paha ma na hana o na haku nui, Titian, Palma Vecchio, Giorgione. Eia naʻe, Albrecht Durer gravitated iʻike hoʻokumu Dzhovanni Bellini, a ua ai no ia i kumu hoohalike inimitable waihoʻoluʻu. Ma ka hopena,ʻo ia i mau hoaaloha me ka Italia pena, a ma kana noi, kakau iho la oia i kekahi o kona mau Venetian pena - "Madonna me Chizhik". Kekahi hana i hanaʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o Venice, Dürer, "Kristo i waena o nā kumu," e hoi i ua hoʻolaʻa ai i kekahi hoa o Albrecht.

Bologna

Nānā 'ole o ke aloha me Giovanni Bellini, Dürer ua i ka hanohano, a koʻi kaua ke kanaka ma Venice. Ka City Council i mai i ka holo koke i ka loea pena, me ka hāpai 'ana i ia 200 ducats me ka makahiki bonus. Ua Ua ea ae ia Albrecht Dürer e komo i loko o hoʻokiwikā pāhana. Naʻe, i ka artistʻaʻohe mea kuka i sedentary ola,ʻo ia i piʻi wale i ka ike o ka mea hou no lakou iho, a no ia mea ka mea, ua pono ia mau holo. Ma hope o kekahi wā Dürer ua ma Roma, i kahi āna i manaʻo e hālāwai ai me ka Emperor Maximilian. I ka halawai, aole loa i wahi, a Albrecht hele i Bologna, e kipa i ke kulanui, a halawai me kaʻepekema. He ua hoihoi ia ma na ka manaʻolana 'ia ninau, këia i kona makemake e hiki ke oi ka maiau kūkulu lākou i pena. Kona kūkā me ke mathematician Luca Pacioli, a laila, i ka noho lōʻihi me ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Donato Bramante hui i ka hale kūʻai o ka ike o ka artist, a me ka pena ma Dürer lilo hou grandiose.