Nine a me physical waiwai o ka mea

I kēia lā, aia nō ma kahi o 2,5 miliona o likeʻole i huiʻia, nā maoli 'ia a me ka artificially synthesized ma ka ke kanaka. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau loa okoa, i kekahi o ia mau mea - nui i komo i loko o liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia ma ka noho ana meaola. Hui oko mai kekahi i kekahi waiwai o ka mea waiwai. Hoakaka a me ka mea nō e hiki ke kuhikuhi i ka kekahi Nine Inch lātoma, i ho'ākāka 'ia ma lalo nei.

He aha ka ka mea?

Inā 'oe e haawi aku i ka ho'ākāka' ana o kēia manaʻo, ia mea pono, e kuhikuhi mai kona pili me ka physical kino. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka waiwai a ua manaoia e e pono i ka mea, he o kēia mau kino. No ka laʻana, aniani, hao, luaipele, wahie - he waiwai. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hiki ke lawe infinitely. Hiki pono e maopopo i nā kēia: mākou noonoo i ka manawa pili ia i na mea a pau i loko o ka honua, aia i keʻano o ka okoa ana o nā lātoma, e like me na mea monatomic (particles).

Penei, ka wai, ka waiʻona, nāʻakika, alkalis, nā polokina, carbohydrates, ka paakai, kōpaʻa, ke one, ka lepo, daimana, kinoea, etc. - ka mea, o ka waiwai. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hiki e oi pono hoʻopio i ka pā o kēia manaʻo.

Na physical kino - ia mea he hoonui, a ma ke ano maoli paha ma ka ke kanaka e hana ana ma ke kumu o ia wahi i huiʻia. No ka laʻana, aniani - he kino a he o ke aniani, a me ka pepa o ka pepa - ke kino i mea o ka hoʻokō 'kelulose a ka laau.

O ka holo ana, ua okoa na nā lātoma a pau. He aha ka ke kumu o ko lākou mau oko ao, kapa iho la lakou i ko lakou mau waiwai - physical, Nine Inch a me organoleptic waiwai. Ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ka hoʻohana kūikawā' ana i kūpono i kēlā me kēia 'epekema kona. Ua hiki e makemakika, mākau, mana, vocal ki ina hana like, a he nui hou akuʻano. No ka laʻana, ka 'epekema o kemika hoʻohana no kela waiwai, a aho, e hōʻike ia, i kou hope paha. He Ua koho 'ia ma ke kumu o mall hiʻona o ka lātoma a kilokilo Nine Inch waiwai. A laila, ho'āʻo experimentally apono a ua paa ia ma kaʻimi naʻauao kulanui.

Mea Maluna o ka waiwai

Ke kumu o ka papa i loko o hui o ka hui ke ke i nā hiʻona okoa no na mea he nui. No ka laʻana, o ka moku'āina o aggregation. A pau o ia hiki e ma luna o kēia ololi o ka meaʻehā.

• wai koko;
• kinoea;
• wai;
• mea pōakaʻia (paa).

Inā mākou e lawe i ke kumu no ka "hohonu" hoailona hou, a pau pono hana hiki ke maheleia i:

• ke aloha - ka nānā 'ana i ka kaulahao a me nā pōʻaiapuni o ke kalapona a me ka hydrogen nā'ātoma;
• 'okanikaʻole - a pau i ke koena.

Ke elemental haku mele 'ana o ka i Hōʻike' na i huiʻia o ka haʻilula, ka mea i:

• poe noonoo ole - he hookahiʻano o Nine Inch nā'ātoma;
• eiiieaena - elua a oiʻano o nā 'ikamu.

I huli ai oe, ano o māheleʻia i loko o ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals. Ka Uluwehi O Ke i nui na papa: paʻakai, kumu, nāʻakika, oxides, nā mea kemika, hydrocarbons, waiʻona mai ke kino, nukelea nāʻakika, a no laila, ma luna o.

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'ano o ka hui o nā papakuhikuhi

He aha ka maopopo, i mea mea kiʻi, ia ka pili 'o Randy? O ka holo ana, i kēia haʻilula waiwai. Ka mea, uaʻokoʻa. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka' ike i loko o na ia mea no hoi okoa ma ka lātoma. No laila, ma laila nō nā koho:

1. Empirical ole hakakino. Ua Hōʻike 'ka laupaʻi, a qualitative haku mele' ana o ka waiwai. Ua nā hōʻailona pili ana i na kumu mua, a me ka 'inideka i loko o ka haahaa hema kihi o ka mea, e hoike ana i ka helu o nā'ātoma i loko o ka lātoma. No ka laʻana, H ₂ O, Na ₂ ¶ _4, AL ₂ (¶ I _{4) 3.}
2. Huina'ine diffraction. Kēia haʻilula hōʻike i ka helu o ka valence electrons o kēlā me kēia hehee ai aha i ka hui. Nolaila, e like me heʻano mea, ua hiki no ke wńnana i kekahi o ka Nine Inch, a physical waiwai o ka waiwai.
3. Ma ke aloha kemika, he pono ole, e hoʻohana piha, a abbreviated mall nā papakuhikuhi. Ka mea, noonoo i ka mea o na nā'ātoma i loko o nā nā lātoma, eia hoi, maopopo hoike i ka waiwai e pili ana i ka kekahi papa o ka hui. A me ka mea e leie aku oe i ka pololei hooholo i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ano o nā lātoma a kilokilo a pau na ano no kona alu like' ana.

Nolaila, Nine Inch hōʻailona a me nā pono formatted i huiʻia o ka haʻilula - i ka nui loa o ka hana a me nā waiwai i ike ia. 'O kēia kaʻimi naʻauao kulanui i na mea a pau e ike i ka haumāna i Haʻawina kemika.

physical waiwai

A mea nui ano o ke kino ai ka waiwai i hōʻikeʻia e kekahi mau kumuhana. I haule i loko o kēia hui?

1. Helu moku'āina ma lalo o kekahi mau rula, me ka hae.
2. ka reflux mahana, heheʻe, ke kūpaleʻana, omoāea.
3. Organoleptic ano: kala like 'ole, oluolu, ono.
4. Solubility i loko o ka wai a me ka 'ē aʻe nā'uheheʻe (ke aloha, no ka laʻana).
5. I ka pa apŘ a me ka fluidity, (viscosity).
6. Uila a me ka thermal conductivity, wela nona iho.
7. Kiʻikuhi permeability.
8. Radioactivity.
9. Omo a me ka ea puka.
10. Inductance.

Aia Ua hoi he moʻo o nā hoailona, a ua nui loa no ka i ka papa inoa, hōʻikeʻana i nā waiwai o ka waiwai. Eia naʻe, ka mea, i waena o ke kino ai 'a me ka Nine Inch. Ka mea, e:

• 'ūholo uilaʻia ;
• kikokiko i aniani puka olu oia i;
• electronegativity;
• paakiki a me ka brittleness;
• malleability a me ka ductility;
• volatility paha omoāea;
• liluwelo 'ole ma luna o meaola ola (make, kńnaka, nā aʻalolo konohiki,'ākilikai, pono, etc.).

Pinepine i ka olelo me kēia mau kii i ka wa a ua hana pololei me ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka waiwai. Eia naʻe, 'oe Hiki ke koho' ia i loko o ka pauku physical i kuhihewa e ole e.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o ka waiwai

Kēia pūʻulu nā mea a pau i ka hiki ano o AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka lātoma a me nā mea a me ka luna 'waiwai. Ia mea he pololei Nine Inch naoh. No kēlā me kēiaʻano o ka pili ana ka mea i pololei kekahi. Eia naʻe, kaʻawale, he pono ole hui waiwai no i pau ka papa o ka waiwai.

No ka laʻana, a pau kaʻakika hiki o reacting me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, e like me kā lākou wahi ma ka electrochemical hopena o ke hooheheeia voltages. Hoi kekahi poe kanaka no a pau typical neutralization naoh me ka mekala 'åkilikai, reacting me insoluble kumu. Eia naʻe, i kia sulfuricʻakika a me nitric hana, mai nā huahana o ko lākou naoh me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia oko, mai ka poe i loaa mai ma ka like reactions me nā lālā 'ē aʻe o ka papa.

Nine waiwai o ka hailonaʻana o kēlā me kēia waiwai. Ua nānā 'ko lakou helu ana i ka ha awina o ka hui, i mea, no ka hiki e pane koke me nā eiiiiiaiou. Aia i nui kū'ē, he meaʻaneʻane inert. He mea pololei he kanaka aiao.

na mea mea

Kēia nā poʻe e komo ana i ka hookahiʻano o ka'Ātoma, akā, okoa i loko o lākou ka helu. No ka laʻana, S _8, O _2, O _{3, Au,} N _2, P _4, Cl _2,'Ara, a me na mea e ae.

e hoemiia ke Nine Inch waiwai o ka poe noonoo ole waiwai e pāʻani aku me:

• mea hiki ke hooheheeia;
• ole-ke hooheheeia;
• ka wai;
• nāʻakika;
• alkalis a amphoteric hydroxides;
• ke aloha i huiʻia;
• paʻakai;
• oxides;
• peroxide a me ka anhydride, a me nā nā lātoma.

Hou ia E e kaulana ia ia mea haka kekahi 'ano o kēlā me kēia mau hihia. No laila, i ke kino ai a me ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka poe noonoo ole waiwai i manaoia pākahi.

eiiieaena waiwai

Kēia pūʻulu nā mea i huiʻia, na nā lātoma o i i hanaʻia e nā a oi okoa Nine Inch hehee wale. Ke dala o kela a me keia o ia i iaʻokoʻa. E maopopo i ka makana i kekahi mau mea examples:

• H ₃ PO _4;
• K ₃ [Fe (CN) _6];
• Cu (OH) _2;
• LiF;
• AL ₂ O ₃ a me na mea e ae.

No ka mea, a pau no i kekahi papa o ka 'ona, hōʻike, he pono ole ke kino a me ka Nine Inch ano no a pau ole i ke Akua. Kēia kekahi waiwai, kū hoʻokahi a me ka kanaka i loko o kēlā me kēia hihia.

inorganics

Ia i keia la, ma laila nō ma luna o 500 tausani. Aia nō nā hemahema hoi a me ka eiiieaena. A oaeii, loaʻa nō kekahi mau nui papa o'okanikaʻole i huiʻia, aʻo kā lākou 'ano a pau.

1. Simple waiwai ke hooheheeia.
2. Oxides.
3. Simple waiwai 'ole-ke hooheheeia.
4. Noble a inert kinoea.
5. Peroxides.
6. Anhydrides.
7. E yiaeaiiacaaeneiie hydrogen i huiia.
8. Hydrides.
9. Salt.
10. ʻakika.
11. Base.
12. Amphoteric i huiia.

Kekahi 'elele o kēlā me kēia papa i kona huapalapala iho o physical a me ka Nine Inch ka waiwai e ae e maopopo ia mai nā hui, a kuhikuhi.

Waiwai o ke aloha 'ona

Aloha - mea he māhele o ka kemika e epa me ke ao o ka hui 'ē aʻe ma mua o'okanikaʻole, a me kā lākou mau waiwai. kalapona nā'ātoma underlie kā lākou 'ole, i hiki hoi ke ai pili aku me kekahi i kekahi i loko o nā hale:

• laina a manamana ai ke kaula gula;
• pōʻaiapuni;
• onaona apo;
• heterocycles.

Ola meaola i haku pono o ka hui, e like me ke kumu o ke ola - e nā polokina, i ka momona, a me nā carbohydrates. A pau o ia - elele o ka ke aloha 'ona. Nolaila, o ka waiwai o ko lākou mau hiʻona. Akā, ma kekahi hihia,ʻaʻohe mea i ke ano o ka lātoma ma ka ninau, ia mea nō no ka mea, e e wehewehe aku ma ka kekahi kau o ke kino a me ka Nine Inch ka waiwai, a mākou i oleloia mamua.

He aha mea he ola mea?

Ua kapa ola mea ana i ua haku o ka holoʻokoʻa biomass o ko mākou Honua. Ia mea, ua mau meaola i e i ola ma luna o ia:

• koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi;
• protozoa;
• mea kanu;
• holoholona;
• Fish;
• kanaka.

Mai ka bulk o na i huiʻia ma nā mea ola - ke aloha, he mea hiki, e lawe aku ia lakou a hiki i ka pae ana ola mea. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole a pau. Wale ka poe i mea nui i ke ola ana o na elele e ola ana o ka biosphere. Ka mea, i nā polokina, nukelea nāʻakika, hormones, nā wikamina, bipi kūpaluʻia, carbohydrates,'amino nāʻakika a me na mea e ae. "Ola mea" i ka manawa i hoʻolauna Vernadsky, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka pähola 'ana o ka biosphere o ka Honua.

Nā waiwai o ke ola mea.

• e noho ai o ka ikaika a me ka manawa kūpono o kona huli ana;
• pakiko-hooponopono;
• ka naau mai neʻeʻana;
• alternation o nā hanauna;
• loa ka nohona.

Nā pōaka a me ka mea hao waiwai

Ua pili ia i nā mea a pau i huiʻia mea pōaka me kekahi mauʻano o ka puka olu oia i 'ole. Aia i pili 'o Randy i ka'ātoma, hakakino a mea hao aniani puka olu oia. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano a me ka waiwai o ka mea okoa mea pōaka waiwai. Typical paa i huiʻia me ka manao fine- a lohi crystallites e likeʻole paʻakai.

He nui no hoi na mea waiwai me ka like 'ole, e like me graphite paha daimana, maikai a me ka kalaka nui-he pohaku maikai, nā minelala hao, pohaku. Ka walaʻauʻana waiwai o ia mau mea:

• paakiki;
• fragility;
• awelike heheʻe, a baila aʻela i mahana.

Eia naʻe, e like me ka manawa, kēlā me kēia hiʻona i ole e pono no ka kela mea keia mea.

Metal waiwai waiwai ho'āʻo ke hooheheeia, kā lākou oka a pau. No ka ia, he lākou no kekahi mau 'ano:

• malleability a me ka ductility;
• kiʻekiʻe baila aʻela i wahi, heheʻe wahi;
• uila a me ka thermal conductivity;
• mea hao alohilohi.