'O ke kūlana metro maika'i loa, Moscow. Ke papa inoa o nā kuene pūnaewele maika'i loa o Moscow

I ka makahiki 1935, wehe'ia ka lālā mua o Moscow Metro Sokolniki - ka Park of Culture. 'O ka kime "Volunteers", i aloha'ia e ka po'e Soviet, ua ho'ola'a'ia no ka hana. 'O ka'oihana metrostroevtsa i kēlā manawa,'o ia kekahi o nā mea i mahalo nui'ia, a me ka hanohano.

'O nā mea nani loa

I kēlā manawa, ua kūpono'ole ke kumukū'ai o ke kūkulu'ana i ka lepo, a'o ka nīnau no nā hi'ohi'ona kūpono o nā ke'ena ke kū'ole ma ka papahana. Ua kūkulu'ia ke kūlana metro ki'eki'e (Moscow) ma hope aku, i ka manawa i hō'ike aku ai ka lāhui lanakila i ka honua holo'oko'a'a'ole wale he pōmaika'i i ka ikaika o ka pū'ali koa, akā i ke'ano o ke ola,'oiai he nui nā papa kaua mua ma waena o nā'umi he'umi.
I mau, ka holoʻokoʻa kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho ma Moscow, 44 wahi o ka i 190? Ueony ike i nä mea o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi, hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka loa nui i loko o ke ao nei. 'A'ole i ma'a mau nā papa inoa o nā mea ko'iko'i. No laila,'o ka papa inoa "'O kahi kūlana metro ki'eki'e (Moscow)" e alaka'i'ia ana e "Kievskaya",'o kekahi - "Komsomolskaya", a'o kahi ma kahi o ka mua'o "Arbatskaya". 'O ka hapanui pinepine i nā'ike a pau e pau ana "Komsomolskaya", "Kievskaya", "Revolution Square", "Mayakovskaya" a me "Novoslobodskaya". 'Oiai he mea ma'alahi ke mana'o inā inā he mau ho'oilina ho'oilina'āina he 44, hiki iā lākou ke koi aku i ka inoa o ka nani loa. Makemake au e hō'oia i ka hō'ailona ma nā pale o ke po'o - he nui nā pūnaewele like'ole e noho ana ma nā kūlanakauhale'ē a'e o Rusia a kokoke i nā'āina'ē a'e.

Ka maika'i o ka puka a me ka helu

"Ma lalo o nā hale ali'i," he mea'olu'olu a ho'onani loa i nā mea a pau a he mau makahiki nō ia e lawelawe ai i nā kānaka, ua kūkulu nui'ia a hiki i ka waenakonu o 1950,'o ia ho'i, a hiki i ka make'ana o Stalin. 'O ka hapanui pinepine, ua kapa'ia ka mea'oi loa i ka mea ho'okūkū "Mayakovskaya", a'o kāna papahana i ka World Exhibition in New York i ka makahiki 1939, ua ho'okumu'ia ka Grand Prix.
Ua hā'awi'ia nā makana o ke ao holo'oko'a iā Kropotkinskaya (Grand Prix ma ka hō'ike 1951 ma Brussels), a me ka puka Red Gate (Grand Prix ma Paris i ka makahiki 1938), a'o ia nō ia mau makahiki i ka wā i hala'ole ka inaina o ka'āina o nā Soviets. No laila,'o kēia mau papahana he kūlana maika'i loa o nā'ano, a ua komo pono lākou i loko o nā puke o ka honua e pili ana i ka ho'olālā'ana.

Lost Beauty

'O "Stall's Metro" - nā wahi i kapa'ia he nani kūikawā me ke alahaka me nā kī'aha, nā ki'i, a me nā mosaics nui a me ka hale mō'ī,'o ia ka inoa o ka puke i pa'i'ia i ka makahiki 2011 i ho'ola'a'ia no ka papa. Ka puke Ua pono, no ka mea, pela no ka nui o ka palapala nani o kēia mau mea ua lilo i ka hopena o ka? Aeiino?, Hana hou a me ka hooponopono ana o ka Stalin kanaka cult, i kūpono i ka luku na mea a pau i mea i hanaia me ka like ke aloha a me ka servility.

"Nā hale ali'i"

Ma muli o ka nui o nā manawa ma mua o ka laina mua o ka papa inoa "Noho Kūlana Kūikawā maika'i loa" (Moscow) e "Komsomolskaya" -'o ke pēpē ho'okahi - a laila pono e ha'i mua iā ia. Ua like ke'ano o ka hale ali'i, a no ka mea,'a'ole i kapa'ia'o ia:'o "apotheosis o ka'āina'o Stalin", a me "ka luakini hope loa'o Shchusev".
Mai ka hope loa i maopopo loa'o AV Shchusev, ka mea kākau o Kazan Station, Lenin Mausoleum a me nā hale kaulana'ē a'e, aia ma ke po'o o ka papa o nā mea kākau e ho'olālā i kēia papahana. I wehe'ia i ka makahiki 1952, aia ma waena o nā kūlana "Kurskaya" a me "Prospect Mira." A kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho noaioee "Komsomolskaya" i ka wehe i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli Sokolniki laina. He kaulana ia no ka hō'ea'ana o ka huaka'i mua i'ane'i, a ma ka'ike'ana he'elua papa kūlana kūlana kūikawā i hana'ia e like me nā ki'i o E. Lansere. I ka makahiki 1952, ua ho'ohui'ia e ka pilina me ka Komsomolskaya-Ring. Ua ho'onani'ia ka hope i nā papa nani 8, e pili ana i kahi kumumana'o - nā lanakila nui o ka spirit a me nā mea kaua Rusia. Ho'okumu'ia lākou mai nā pōhaku kūikawā a me ka pa'alī e like me ka PDEN mau ki'i.

'Ike'ia e ka po'e o ke ao holo'oko'a

No laila, ho'omau mākou e ho'omana'o i nā hale mīkini maika'i loa ma Moscow. Hiki iā ia ke ho'omau i "Mayakovskaya", i wehe'ia ma ka lā 11 o Kepakemapa, 1938. Aia ma waena o nā kūlana "Belorusskaya" (ma ka'ākau) a me "Tverskaya" (hema) ma ka laina'o Zamoskvoretskaya. Aia ma lalo o ka piko o ke kapikala, ma ka rohe'o Tver. Kākau o ka papahana mea kanu i kapaʻia ma hope o V. V. Mayakovskogo - he lâlâ o ka Academy o kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka USSR, ekolu manawa e uwa o ka Stalin uku Aleksey Nikolaevich Dushkin. 'O ia nō ke kumu o nā papahana no ia mau mea metro e like me Revolution Square, Novoslobodskaya (ka hope post-war), Avtozavodskaya a me Kropotkinskaya.

Pioneering station

'O ka mea kākau i nā ki'i mosaics o ka mea ho'okūkū "Mayakovsky" he kanaka kaulana'o Soviet'o Alexander Deineka. 'O Mayakovskaya ka pae honua hohonu loa (34 meters) o ke'ano o ke ka'ina. 'Ekolu ia i'ōwili'ia.
He aha ke'ano o kēia? A'o ka mea kūpono loa i kahi kūkena metro (hiki i Moscow ke ho'ohanohano i nā mana'o nui a me ka'olu'olu o nā mea hana o kēia'ano, akā he mea kūikawā kēia) he'ekolu hale nui - ma waena a me'elua'ao'ao. 'O nā pā hale'elua e pili ana me nā apo ākea o ka uhi'ana i ko lākou mau pulou, ua kāko'o'ia e nā kolamu ma'amau no lākou. No laila, ka inoa ho'ohālike he columnar'ekolu. 'O ka longitudinal arcade ka mea i hā'awi i ka mea hanohano.

Nā mea ho'onani nani

Ho'onani'ia'o ia me 35 mau mosaic nani i loko o nā hale, aia ma ke po'o o ke ke'ena waena, ma waena o nā paepae. Eia na'e, no ka no'ono'o'ana iā lākou, pono kākou e ho'oki'eki'e i ko kākou mau po'o. Hō'ike kēia i nā hemahema o ka mea i kapa'ia'o "Mayakovskaya". Hiki iā'oe ke hō'ano hou i ka inoa o ka hopena o ka ho'olālā - "Triumphal Square", a ua ho'onohonoho'ia e ho'olālā i ke'ano o ka Renaissance Italia. Akā,'o ka "Place Triumphal", kahi i ho'olālā'ia ai kēia hale, ua kapa'ia'o "Mayakovsky Square", kahi inoa i loa'a ai ka inoa ho'okahi.

Ua'ōlelo pinepine'ia ma mua o nā mea'ē a'e

'O ka mea hea ka mea pinepine ma ka laina mua o ka papa inoa "Ke kūlana metro'oi loa o Moscow"? "Ke Kiev"! Ua wehe'ia i ka Malaki 14, 1954. I ka ho'omaka'ana, ua mana'o'ia he nani loa. 'O ke aupuni Khrushchev,'o ia ho'i ka mea e noho mana nei, no laila ua makemake'o ia e ho'omau i kona moku'āina aupuni. Ua ho'olaha'ia kekahi ho'okūkū, a ma 73 o nā papahana ua koho'ia ka hana a nā mea kākau Ukrainian.
Ua ho'okomo'ia ka ho'okomo'ana o ka mea e like me ka 300th anniversary o ka hui hou'ana o Ukraine me Rusia. Ho'opau ka mea pani i ke kaula kuhi. 'O ka ho'okumu hohonu'ana, akā, he pylon ('o ke kahua kāko'o) he pylons. 18 nā paneli mai ka smalt e ho'olili ai i kēia hana akamai o nā'oihana'oihana.

'O ka nani a me ke kumu

E ho'omau i ka papa inoa o "nā kuhiala kūpoki maika'i loa ma Moscow", a ma kekahi manawa e alaka'i pono ia i ka "Revolution Square" - e kāpae ma ka laina Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya, i wehe'ia i ka makahiki 1938, i Malaki 13. "E pili ana iā Kurskaya" a me "Arbatskaya". Ho'oka'awale ia i nā mea'ē a'e no nā laina mua i nā'ike, akā ma ka'ike maoli'ana'a'ole i kaulana no nā panana mosaic, akā, no nā ki'i ki'i. He 76 mau'ili keleawe ma 18 mau 'ākau ma luna o nā aisles a hiki i nā paepae pae. 'O nā kaupae e kau ma luna o nā poupo o ka hale keena. 'O nā ki'i a pau e ho'olālā i ka po'e o ka USSR i nā manawa like'ole (mai ka mahina'Okakopa i ka makahiki 1917 a hiki i ka manawa i kūkulu'ia ai lākou i ka makahiki 1937) a ho'okomo'ia i loko o ka papa hana Leningrad e kahi hui mo'olelo e alaka'i'ia e Matvei Manizer. Inā'a'ole kēia'o kahi'oi aku ka nani o ka metro i Moscou, laila'o ia ka mea nui loa a me ka mahalo.

Ho'opuni'ia e nā mana'o'i'o

Ua aloha'o ia iā Muscovites. Nui nā mana'o'i'o e pili ana i nā ki'i keleawe. Inā'oe e kākau iā lākou ma kekahi wahi, a laila e ho'opili'ia ka "hau'oli" ma luna -'o ia ke kumu o ka nui o nā ki'i kālai'āina i'oi aku nā'āpana māmā me nā kī o kahi'oi a'e o ho'okahi mau hanauna o ka po'e noho o ke kapikala. Eia kekahi la'ana, e pa'i ana nā haumāna i ko lākou ihu me kahi'īlio kilonelo, a ho'omaka lākou e kohi a kokoke i ka manawa o ka ho'okumu'ana. He'ehā mau'īlio, a ua ho'onani'ia nā lobe i kahi kukui. Aia nā ki'i o nā pahu - ko lākou kolo i ka ho'ohui'ana i ka uku.
Ma kahi hua'ōlelo, he mea maoli ka station i Muscovites, a nui loa lākou i ke aloha iā ia. A'o nā mea keleawe i ka wā o ke kaua i ho'ouna'ia e holo i Kazakhstan. 'O ke kūkulu'ia'ana o ka "Revolution Square" he pylon'ekolu kuakumu. He ho'ololi'o ia i kahi mea ho'okūkū "Teatralnaya", a he wahi loli like'ole lākou.

'O ka hana hope loa o kahi luna kaulana

'O ka hana hope loa o A. N. Dushkin - kūlana "Novoslobodskaya", i wehe'ia i ka makahiki 1952, ua aneane mau'ia i loko o nā papahana'elima o ka papa inoa ma lalo o ke po'o inoa "Nā kūkaho kuhi ki'eki'e Moscow". Hō'ike ka ki'i ma lalo i kona kuleana i kahi ma kēia papa inoa. Ma waho a'e,'o kona wahi wale nō e waiho nei, ma ke alanui o ka inoa ho'okahi, ua like ia me kahi luakini kahiko,'o ka'īpuka i mua o kona helehelena he 6 cannoned (me nā poho o ke po'o). He'ano nani a nani nō ho'i ka hale mua a me ka hale pahū. 'O ke kūkulu'ana o kēia pūnaewele he pylon hohonu. 'O kāna "'āpana", ai'ole ka māhele mālamalama o ka ho'olālā, e ho'onani'ia me ke akamai i 32 mau puka makani mata. Ua hana'ia e nā mea hana pa'i o Latvian mai nā aniani i ho'ohāli'ia no ke kī'aha'ele'ele o nā halepule. Ho'onohonoho a ho'oku'u'ia nā chandeliers. Pono e ho'ohui'ia ka'ike e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ke'ena o ke Metro Moscou, ma kahi o ka po'e e pili ana i ka ho'oilina mo'omeheu, kahi i loa'a nui, me ka ho'olālā'enekene.

'O kekahi "nani nani Lūkana"

I loko o ke kapikala he nui nā kūlana nani, he mau mālamalama mālamalama ia no Moscou, a ma ka manawa like'ole i ka wā e hele ai nā huaka'i huaka'i huaka'i. No laila, e like me nā mea he nui,'o kahi'oi loa o ke kūlana nani o ka metro o Moscou,'o Arbatskaya, i wehe'ia i ka makahiki 1953. Ho'okomo'ia ia i loko o ke kōpuni waena nui loa. Kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka kūikawā papahana: kea-pauku o ka pylon, hohonu-ʻilikai noaioee he elliptical kinona, kaila o ka Kalaiaina mea hoʻonani e pili ana i ka Moscow baroque. "Arbat" - lō'ihi lō'ihi, ka lua ma hope o ka "Sparrow Hills", a'a'ohe ona hi'ohi'ona pili. Mahalo i ka koho'ana o nā pua, he mea'olu'olu loa ia.

'O nā monumoku kū'ai o ka manawa'o Stalin

"Belorusskaya" a me "Novokuznetskaya", "Taganskaya" a me "Teatralnaya", "Kropotkinskaya" a me "Prospekt Mira", "Smolenskaya" a me kekahi mau mea'ē a'e i hiki ke koho'ia no ka inoa "Ka mea metro maika'i ma Moscow". E like me ka mea i hō'ike'ia ma luna nei, hiki i kekahi o nā 44, i'ike'ia he mau waiwai o ka ho'oilina mo'omeheu, hiki ke ho'okomo'ia i loko o nā'elima a'elima paha o kahi kūpono loa o Moscow. A pehea nā mea i kūkulu'ia ma hope o ka make'ana o Stalin? Ua ho'opau'ia ka wā o "nā ali'i palauaha" me ka make'ana o ke alaka'i ...

Nā mea hou

'O kahi kūlana nani loa o ka Metro Moscou, i kūkulu'ia i ka 21st century,'o ia ke alanui Boulevard Slavyansky. Ua wehe'ia i ka makahiki 2008. Heʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ke ao nei o ka lua o ka haawe (lua wale i ka Tokyo) kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho, malia paha,ʻaʻole i ka nani. Akā'o ka'oia'i'o, ke kūkulu'ia nei nā kūhaka o ka nani nani i kēia manawa, e like paha me Dubai.
Ke makemake nei wau e kūpono i ka Moscow Moscow Metro, kahi i ho'okipa hou'ia ai kona 80 mau makahiki a i kēia manawa e'ike nei i ka ho'olālā kūkulu, e "ho'onui" i kēia manawa, kūpono, e hālāwai me nā koi a pau o kēia mau lā, akā i ka manawa like me nā kūlana nani.