Nā hele ma Kaliningrad a me ka'āina

'O kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale maika'i a kaulana loa o Rusia,'o ia'o Kaliningrad. 'O nā holo a puni ke kūlanakauhale he mea hau'oli loa a he waiwai. 'Oia'i'o! Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki iā'oe ke kipa aku i ka hale nui'o Amber nui ma ka honua nei, e kipa aku i ka lua kupapa'u o ka'oihana akamai nui, e hele ma waena o ke koena o kekahi o nā pā kaua nui.

He nui nā huaka'i hele i Kaliningrad mai Moscow, St. Petersburg, Pskov, Polani a me nā moku Baltic. E hele kākou i kēia kūlanakauhale kūikawā kahiko loa!

'O Kaliningrad kahi kūlanakauhale ma nā makahiki

'O Kaliningrad he wahi nui'ole ia. Ke'ike'ia nei ka'uhane o'Europa ma kēlā me kēia wā. 'O Kaliningrad, a'o Koenigsberg ho'i, e like me ka mea i kapa'ia he wā, he waiwai waiwai nui a he nui nā mea'olu'olu. 'O ia ke kumu nui o ka hele'ana i Kaliningrad a me ka koi i kēia lā.

He wahi kūlana kūikawā kūloko o ke kūlanakauhale, no ka mea, he'āina ho'opuni kēia'āina ma waena o Lithuania a me Polani a'a'ole ho'i i pili i ka'āina me ke koena o Rusia. I kekahi'ao'ao'ē a'e,'o kēia mau hi'ohi'oko'a kūikawā o ka Russian a me ka Europa ke'oki nei i nā po'e malihini mai nā'āina kokoke.

Ua ho'omaka ka mo'olelo o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka'umikumamākolu haneli, i ka wā ma kahi e kū nei i ke kahakai, waiho'ia ka hale o Teutonic. "'O ka Mountain Mountain" (ai'ole, i ka German, Königsberg) -'o ia ka mea i kapa'ia ai nā naita koa ma kēia wahi. Ma ka manawa ho'okahi aia nā wahi pa'a ma nā wahi kokoke. Kūkulu'ia kēia mau kūlanakauhale kahiko i kēia lā i nā huaka'i nui e pili ana iā Kaliningrad a me ka'āina Kaliningrad.

I ka wā ma mua, ua lilo ka hale kākela i kahi kauhale kahi i kūkulu'ia ai kahi halepule, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi kulanui. Konigsberg koke lilo nui i waena konu o East Prussia. Ma muli o ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua'elua, ua lilo ke kūlanakauhale i wahi o ka USSR a kapa'ia'o Kaliningrad. 'O ka mea pō'ino, ua pilikia'o ia ma nā hana o ka'oihana: ua hō'oki'ia ka 80% o nā hale halepule. Eia na'e, he mea e'ike ai i ka po'e huaka'i hele i kēia lā.

'O nā hele'ana ma Kaliningrad e alaka'i'ia, ma ke'ano he kūlana, e nā po'e mea heluhelu i ka wā i heluhelu pono'ia, ka po'e i aloha nui i ko lākou'āina hānau. No laila, e hiki iā lākou ke ha'i nui aku i nā māka'ika'i a me nā malihini a pau o ke kūlanakauhale Baltic.

'O Kaliningrad:'o ka māka'ika'i, nā huaka'i hele

Ka loa kaulana oo? 'Ō a ma ke kūlanakauhale - ka mea, o ka Amber Museum, i ka Hale Pule Nui a me ka hale kupapau o ka poe akeakamai 'IMANUʻELA Kant, o ka hapa "Lawaiʻa Village" a me ka helu o ke koena pakaua o XIX kenekulia. 'O ka māka'ika'i'o Kaliningrad, ma ke'ano he kūlana, pili i ka nānā'ana i kēia mau hi'ona.

'O nā manuhiri o ke kūlanakauhale nui ke'olu'olu i nā hui kaiaulu. No laila, ma Koenigsberg, he nui wale nā'alele hau'oli, i ho'olālā'ia ma ka'ano Pelekane a me Pelekānia, kahi e hiki ai iā'oe ke'ono i nā mea'ono a me nā momona. Māka'ika'i e pili ana iā Kaliningrad a'a'ole hele wale ka'āina ma nā alanui kahiko a me ka māka'ika'i o nā pā kaua, akā,'o ia ho'i ka huaka'i i nā'ano maika'i maoli i piha i kēia māhele. Akā, e kūkākūkā'ia kēia mau wahi ma hope iki. I kēia manawa, e'ike mākou i nā mea'olu'olu loa ma ke kūlanakauhale.

Ka loa Popular hele ma Kaliningrad loaʻa i ka makaikai ana i ka ai-i kapaia mokupuni o Kant me ka Hale Pule Nui o ka XIV kenekulia, ka pāpū "King Frederick William I", Lawaiʻa Village, e hōʻike i nā iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me ke kulanakauhale puka kahiko, a me ka i koe iho o na bastions. Nui nō ho'i ka po'e makemake e hele iā Amalienau - he wahi e hiki ai iā'oe ke mana'o i ka mana'o kahiko o Prussian Königsberg.

Ka Moku'āina'o Amber

He pa'akikī ka hele'ana ma Kaliningrad i ka no'ono'o'ole me ka hele'ole aku i kēia'oihana kūikawā. 'O kēia ka hale mele amber nui loa ma ka honua, a'o nā mea'ano like'ole like'ole o kēia'ano ma ka'āina, i ho'ola'a'ia i ho'okahi mineral. A pehea lā!

'O Amber, e like me ka mea i'ike'ia,'o ia ka lālā o nā lā'au'ohe, ka miliona miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ke kai a ho'ololi'ia i kēia'ano i loko o ka mineral ikaika. Ua wehe'ia ka hale hō'ike'ike i ka makahiki 1979 ma ka hale kia'i'o Don.

Aia he 28 mau lumi kahi e'ike ai'oe i nā'āpana'āpana amber a'oi aku i ka 4 kilokanika, a me'elua paha mau mea mai ia mea. 'O kēia nā ki'i pena, nā ki'i ki'i, nā kī'aha, nā mea ho'onani, nā'ano o nā moku a'oi aku.

Ka i'a Village a me ka mokupuni'o Kant

'O kahi i'a i'a kahi mo'omeheu a me ka mo'aukala a me ka mo'omeheu, he wahi māka'ika'i punahele no ka po'e noho o Kaliningrad a me nā malihini o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua ho'omaka'ia nā hana i hana'ia i ka makahiki 2006. He pilikia kēia o nā hale i kūkulu'ia ma ka'ano Siamani, aia ma ke kapa o ka muliwai Pregoli, ma waena o nā Pōhaku ki'eki'e a me Honey. Aia kahi kikowaena i nā mea he nui. 'O kēia nā hokele, nā hale'ai, nā hale'ai, kahi hale kia'i, nā'ike a me nā wahi ho'okipa.

'O kahi hapa nui kahi o ke kūlanakauhale -'o ka Mokupuni o Kant me ka Cathedral Gothic Cathedral, i kūkulu'ia i ka makahiki 1380. Ua hana'ino'ia ka hale kapu i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua'elua. I kēia manawa, lawelawe'ia ke hale e like me kahi hale ho'olima a he hale ho'okipa no nā'ahamele.

I ka makahiki 1804, ua kanu'ia ke kākā'ōlelo'o Kelemānia'o Immanuel Kant ma ka hale kupapa'u o ka halepule. He 120 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua kūkulu'ia kahi pahu momona nui me kahi pahu pōhaku ma kahi kokoke i ka luakini e mahalo ai i ka mea mana'o. Akā,'a'ole i kanu'ia'o Kant i loko.

No nā pu'u kaua o Koenigsberg

'O ke kūlanakauhale no kona mō'aukala kāpili i nā pāku'i'ekolu manawa: ma nā XIV, XVII a me ka XIX mau kenekulia. I loko o ka manawa pale hope loa, ua ho'okumu'ia kekahi pūnaehana ikaika, nā puka pā a me nā pā kaua. Ua kūkulu'ia ka hope i 15 mau'āpana. Aia lākou ma ka'ākau a ma ka'ao'ao hema o ke Pregol.

'O ka mea maika'i loa: Ua pale aku ka Mō'ī Mua Mua iā Kaliningrad, no laila'a'ole i'ae'ia nā pakaua o ke kūlanakauhale. Akā i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua'elua, ua ho'ohana'ia lākou no ka mea i mana'o'ia. Hiki i nā pā o nā pā ke kū'ē i nā hīkū pololei o 305 mm nā pūpū!

'O ka pu'u waiwai maika'i ma ke kūlanakauhale'o Fort No. 3 ('o Kvednau ka inoa kahiko). I kēia mau lā, ke kipa pinepine'ia nei e nā po'e māka'ika'i.

Nā wahi maika'i ma ka'āina Kaliningrad

'O ka'āina'o Kaliningrad'a'ole i emi iki a mahalo nui i nā māka'i ma mua o kona kikowaena waena. 'O ka hoihoi i nā po'e kika'ika'i ke kauhale o kēia māhele: Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk, Baltiysk a me nā mea'ē a'e.

'O ke kūlanakauhale'o Svetlogorsk ka mua a me ka mua loa o kahi kaulana o ka moku Baltic. I kekahi manawa aia kahi mea kākau mo'olelo Thomas Mann a me ka mea ha'i mo'olelo Hoffmann. Aia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale he'ōpiopio nani, ka mea i'ike'ia no kona kani i ke kahawai o Baltic. 'O Svetlogorsk me ka nani o ka mālama'ia,'a'ole nō ho'i i nā makahiki i hala o ke kaua i loa'a'ole iā ia.

'O kekahi kūlanakauhale kaulana loa o ka moku Kaliningrad'o Baltiysk. Eia kahi helehelena ho'okipa nani, ka hale kaulana o Pillau a me ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o Baltic Fleet.

Ka Curonian kuha aku la: kaapuni kana o Kaliningrad

He kūlana kūikawā maoli ka Curonian Spit i kahi 50 mau mile ma ke'ākau o Kaliningrad. "Ke aupuni o ke kai, nā pu'u a me nā leo manu" - e like me ka mea i hō'ike mua'ia e kēia wahi lani'o Wilhelm von Humboldt.

'O ka one o ke one e kū ana no 98 mau mile. I kēia lā ua māhele'ia ma waena o'elua mau moku - Lūkia a me Lithuania. 'O ka whānui o ka Curonian Spit e kū ana mai 400 mika a 4 mau kauka.

Ke'ōlelo nei nā mea kākau mo'olelo'a'ole he'ano like'ole i kēia a'o kūlohelohe i ka holo'oko'a o'Eulopa. Ma kahi'āpana'āina li'ili'i hiki iā'oe ke'ike i nā wao nahele o ka wao nahele a me ka'āina o nā tundra. He 'aneʻi i ka lani kiekie loa, a loa'ākau Europa puʻu one Efa, o kona kiekie i hiki 64 mau mika.

Ho'onohonoho'ia nā hele'ana i ka'anu'u mai Kaliningrad i nā manawa a pau. Ma kahi o 37 kilomika o ke alanui, e kali nā malihini a pau e'ike me ko lākou mau maka i kahi'āpana pine pinepine'ole - ka hula hula i kapa'ia. Hāpai'ia nā lālā o nā lā'au i kahi alahele. Mana'o nā kānaka'epekema ke kumu o kēia mea kupaianaha,'o ia nō nā anuhe o ka ho'okele o ka pale, e'ai ana i nā'ōpu'u o nā pine wili pinepine, e ho'ololi ana i ko lākou ulu.

Hele mai Kaliningrad a Polani

'O nā pole a me nā Germani kekahi mau malihini i ka po'e ma Koenigsberg kahiko. 'O kekahi'ao'ao,'o Kaliningradians ho'i e makemake e kipa i nā'āina pili e like me nā huaka'i. No laila,'o nā huaka'i hele i Polani mai Kaliningrad e kaulana loa i nā po'e Lūkini. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he pōhaku ia e ho'olei aku ai i ka palena'āina hema o ka'āpana, a ma hope iho - he nui nā mea hoihoi!

'O ka mea mua, he mea kūpono ke kuhikuhi'ana i ke kūlanakauhale Polish o Gdansk me kona mau kumumana'o ho'okipa nui. 60 kilomita ma ke komohana o ka palena'o ke kūlanakauhale'o Olsztyn, ma ka hale kākela kahi i noho ai'o Nikolai Copernicus a hana. Ua nani loa'o Elblong me kona mau hale pule Gothic a me nā hale kahiko o ka Renaissance.

I ka hopena ...

Kaliningrad, nā kipa, nā huaka'i, ka huaka'i ... Kūka'i maika'i'ia kēia mau hua'ōlelo me kekahi. He mea pa'akikī ke kūlanakauhale o kēia kūlanakauhale me ka po'e malihini'ole a me nā po'e māka'ika'i mai nā wahi'ē a'e o Rusia, a mai Polani, Lithuania, Kelemānia.

Māka'ika'i e pili ana iā Kaliningrad a me ka'āina'o Kaliningrad i'oi aku ke kaulana a me ka noi. I ka "pae mua" o nā mea nui o ke kūlanakauhale, hiki ke kapa'ia ka Cathedral, ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o Amber, ke kikowaena "Fish Village",'o ka Palena 3 "King Friedrich-Wilhelm I", ka pu'uhonua'o Amalienau - he'āina ho'omalu'o Prussian.

'O nā mea kaulana loa he mau huaka'i hele i ka Curonian Spit mai Kaliningrad, a me nā kūlanakauhale'ē a'e o ka'āina - Baltiysk, Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk.