'O nā ma'i o ke kai. 'O Irises: mālama waho

'O nā'ano nani o nā pua e like me nā ulu i aloha'ia a hānai nui'ia e nā mea kanu puaa a me nā mea kanu'ai i nā'ano like'ole a me nā anuanu o ko kākou honua. 'O nā'ano like'ole o kēia kumulā'au, i ho'opili'ia i nā'ano like'ole, he nui, a ma ko lākou kumu, ua hana nā mea hana i nā mea'ono. No nā'ano like'ole o kēia pua, nā hi'ohi'ona o ka mālama a me ke kāpili'ana, a me nā mea'eha a me nā ma'i o nā hui e hui ai, e hō'ike ana kēia'atikala.

Na wai i kapa kona inoa?

Ua kapa'ia e ka loea kilokilo kaulana'o Greek kahiko a'o ka mea ho'ōla'o Hippocrates kēia pua no nā'ano'oko'a o nā mea e ho'ohanohano'ia ai ke akua wahine'o Irida. 'O ia, e like me ke anuenue, ka mea pili i ka lani a me ka honua, e ho'olaha ana i ka makemake o nā akua i nā kānaka. Eia hou, i ka mea kahiko Helene 'ōlelo "iris" ke ano, ma luna o nā mea a pau, i ke anuenue, a laila, i ka inoa o ka pua. Ma ke kenekulia XVIII,'o Karl Linnaeus ka mea nāna i ho'okumu i kahi papahana o ka ho'ohui'ana a me nā inoa o nā mea kanu, i mālama'ia no ka inoa o ka inoa kahiko. Ma mua o ko mākou kama'ilio'ana e pili ana i ka hopena o nā ma'i o nā ma'i a me nā mea'eha, e ho'okoe pinepine kākou i nā'ano pilikino o kēia mea kanu.

'O ka wehewehe'oko'a

'O nā'ano pua e like me Iris, i'ike nui'ia e nā mea mahi'ai e like me nā'ōma'oma'a a me nā kupa, nā'ohana o Iris. 'Oiai, he mau rhizomes nui kēia, akā, aia kekahi mau lā'au kōma'a. I loko o kā mākou kelepa'i ka nui loa o ka'elele rhizome o ka iris, akā he mea kūpono'ole i ka mālama a me ke aloha wai. Ke kanu'ia ka māla nani o kahi māla nani ma kahi o ka honua a pinepine aku i waho, me ka lahilahi o nā a'a like'ole. 'O nā lau pālahalaha o kēia pua, he nani a pa'akikī, ua uhi'ia me ke kā'ei kapu o ka xiphoid form. I ka hapanui o nā'ano irises, ulu lākou i ke'ano o nā kukui pā. 'O nā līlū pua, ke kanu a mālama i ka mea e like me nā hi'ohi'ona o ka mea kanu, ka pua mai ka hopena o ka makahiki a hiki i ke kau waena o Iune.

Nā'ano o nā pua

Ma nā'ano'ano like'ole, aia nā pua nani ma kahi paepae ikaika a ikaika. I ka hapanui o nā'ano, he ho'okahi nā pua, akā i loa'a i nā'ano li'ili'i li'ili'i. 'O ka hō'ailona ke'ano like'ole - mai ke ke'oke'o a aneane'ele'ele. I kēia lā, aia nā'ano like'ole, a pena'ia nā pua i loko o'elua a'oi a'e paha nā laulā. Aia kekahi'ano pua orisa o'eono, a i kekahi manawa'ekolu mau pali,'o nā'ao'ao i loko a me waho o kēlā me kēia'ano e like me ke'ano, ka nui a me ka lahi. Ma hope o ka ulu'ana, ulu ka mea kanu i ka hua - kahi pahu elalani triangular i hu'i'ia, kahi i 20 mau'ano'ōma'oma'o nui.

He aha ke'ano?

Ho'opili nā mea kanu o nā mea'ē a'e a me nā mea kanu ulu i nā mea ulu irisua i ulu'ia i nā mahina'ai i 13 mau pū'ulu nui,'oiai ua mana'o lākou he'umikūmālua paha. Ma ko mākou'āina, he mea ma'amau ka ho'oka'awale i nā māla o ka catacomb (iris) i nā papahana 10 he 10.

• Puale;
• Siberian;
• 'Ipani;
• Ho'opili hou;
• Nā'āle'a a me ka aryl;
• Sporia;
• Louisiana;
• Evansia;
• Nā mea kanu o ka 'āpana Pākīpika;
• 'A'ole i'ike iki'ia.

Pono kēia'ano ho'ohālikelike, akā i loko o ke ola ma'amau,'o ka māhele māmā a ma'alahi ho'i o nā ka'ina o nā pu'upu'u i loko o'elua mau'āpana i hana'ia: he'umi'umi a'a'ole kanaka. 'O ka mea ma'amau i loko o nā kīhāpai he nui, nā pe'ehi nani i pena'ia o nā līkī loea. 'O kēia mau'ano he nui nā'ano o nā mea i kapa'ia he Helene.

'A'ole e like me nā mea i'oki'ia, ma luna o nā momona o lalo he "'umi'umi" o nā kī'aha i'ike'ole'ia,'a'ohe nani o ka helehelena. Aia kēia pū'ulu i nā'ano o kēia'ano:

- Siberian (I. sibirica);

- marsh (I. pseudacorus), ua kapa'ia ia he'anera-'ara;

- Iapana (I. japonica);

- Louisiana (I. Louisiana);

- sporia (I. hoopuka);

- Kaleponi (I. Kaleponi).

E ho'ā'o kākou i ke'ano o kēlā'ano kēia'ano.

'Ai'ia'o Sherbur

'O ka'ili'ili o ka pele ka mea i kaulana loa mai ka hui nui o iris. I kēia lā, aia kahi 35,000 o kona mau'ano like'ole, a i kēlā me kēia makahiki he mau mea hou kekahi. Ua hā'awi'ia kona inoa i kēia pua no ka mea'olu'olu e waiho ana i nā momona o lalo. Ma nā'ano he nui,'o ke kala o ka "'umi'umi" ke'ano like me ka laulā nui o ka pua, a he'eono mau momona. 'O ka ki'eki'e o ka iris, ua'oki'ia ka'umi'umi i'ekolu mau'āpana:

1. Nui -'oi aku ma mua 0.7 mika;
2. Ka nui-nui - mai ka 0.4 a hiki i ka 0.7 m;
3. Low,'o kona ki'eki'e'a'ole i'oi aku ma mua o 40 knm.

Hiki ke ho'ohui'ia nā'oni'oni i nā monopona ai'ole i hui pū'ia. I ka pae ana o ma kaʻumiʻumi paha irises mea a Iris germanica.

'O ka Whale Siberian

Haʻalele Hardy a me ka undemanding i ka hua'ōlelo o ka laha ' o Siberian iris, loko ma muli o nāʻano likeʻole ma luna o ka mea, o ka mea kiekie oia ke koi no ka wela a me ka mālamalama. Hiki i nā lālā o kēia pū'ulu ke ulu a hiki i 1 mika ke ki'eki'e. He'u'uku ko lākou mau lau ma mua o ko ka'umi'umi, a ua'oi aku ka māmā. Hiki mai nā māka'i kūlepa i nā'ano like'ole a me ka pua i ka hopena o ka puna. Hiki iā'oe ke koho i ka'ano like'ole a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai. 'O nā ma'i i ho'oulu'ia a me ka varietal iā ia,'a'ole ia he weliweli, a he mea pa'akikī'ole ho'i ia e hele i nā mea ma'i.

'Ike Irish (Marsh) Iris

Ho'ouka'o ia i kona kōma'oma'o gula, me nā "'ōkō" li'ili'i, nā pua i ka hopena o Mei - i ka mahina mua o Iune. Ke ulu nei kēia'ano ulu i kahi pāpa'u, a hiki i ka 40 mau wai wai wai, a me ko lākou mau palena. Kūkulu maika'i ia i ka lā a me ka penumbra.

Ma ke kakakū o waena,'o ke'ano o nā'ano i like'ole'o California, Louisiana, Iapana, a me Sporia, no ka mea, he mau'ano'ano like'ole ka mea i kūpono i ko mākou mau kūlana, a'o lākou, no ko lākou pilikia,'a'ole i'oi.

Nā pua pua'a: kanu a mālama

I ka kū'ai'ana i nā līlia, pono e ho'omaopopo i ke'ano o nā'ano āu e loa'a ai, no ka mea e pili ana kēia i ka koho'ana o kahi wahi e kanu ai. 'O ka hapanui o nā'ano'ano hou o nā'umi'umi a me nā lālani'ole i makemake'ia ka lā, mahana, a hūnā'ia mai ka makani. Eia naʻe,? Ueo e like me Marsh, malimali a me ka bristly i kanu ona mau-puni. 'O ka lūlū a me nā līlū, a me nā'ano i loa'a mai iā lākou, ua'ōlelo'ia e kanu i nā loko i'a i ka wai pāpa'u, a me ke aloha - i kahakai kahakai ai'ole i nā wahi momona.

Kūkulu'ia kekahi'ano'ano līlia ma ka waena waena i ka puna ai'ole ke kauwela, me ka manawa maika'i loa'o ia ka hopena o ke kauwela - nā pule mua o ke kau. Mamua o ke kanu'ana i nā rhizomes o kēia mau pua, pono e'eli'ia ka lepo i kahi hohonu o 20 - 30 cm, a pēlā nō ho'i e hana i nā momona momona a me ka waiūpona me ka humus. Ma hope o ka kanu'ia'ana o nā līlū,'o ka mālama'ana i ka'āina āpau ma hope o lākou, he hana mau i ka wai a me ka uhi'ana i nā mea kanu.

Pono e kanu'ia kēia mau mea kanu i kēlā me kēia'ekolu a hiki i ka'elima makahiki, no ka mea, ua ho'one'e'ia nā'āpana'āpana o ka limu i ka honua. Ma muli o kēia, ua emi iho ka'āpana o ka mea'ai a ha'alele lākou i ka'ōpu'u. Hiki iā ia ke alaka'i i ka ulu'ana o ka ma'i iris.

Pehea e ho'opili ai?

Hiki ke ho'olahalaha'ia kēia mau mea ulu e nā hua a me nā mea kanu. Ho'ohana'ia ke'ano o ka huahana ma ka hana koho a'o nā mea kanu i loa'a i kēia'ano e ulu i loko o 2-3 mau makahiki.

'O kahi'ano ma'alahi a me ka ma'alahi o ka ho'oulu'ana o nā līlū he mea kanu, kahi i māhele'ia ai ka māmā o ka makuahine, a laila ua kanu'ia nā mea kanu i ka lepo. No ka halihali'ana a māhele i kēia'ano momona ka maika'i ma loko o'elua a'ekolu mau pule ma hope o ka hopena o ka pua. 'O nā'ili'āina ka pae a me ke'ano ha'aha'a - no ka mea, ma luna o ka honua ka hopena o ka rhizome. Hiki i nā mea kanu nui ke ho'onāukiuki i ka ulu'ana o nā'ōpū o nā ma'i a me ka make. 'O nā mea kanu i loa'a i kēia'ano e ulu i ka makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu'ana.

Nā hō'ailona o ka ma'i a me nā mea hana

'O ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i loko o kēia hui e pale kūpono'ole i nā ma'i, akā me nā mea'ino'ole o ka'ino a me nā'ano'ino i ka'ōpala, hiki ke loa'a nā ma'i ma hope o kēia:

1. Geterosporioz (septoria ke kina ole), i hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka palapala melemele mau kiko o okoa-pepa paia o, randomly haawi ma ka holoʻokoʻa ili o lamina. Me ka ho'omau hou'ana o ka ma'i, e'āle'ele nā'āpana a ho'ohui'ia i ho'okahi. Kūle'a ka mea kanu, pua nani, a malo'o. Ho'opili kahi heterosporium me ka nele o ka pa'akai a me nā phosphorus i loko o ka lepo. Hiki i kona ho'omohala ke ho'olālā i ka ua lō'ihi a me ke ki'eki'e o ka wela. Mai ka maʻi iris pua i loko o ke kakahiaka nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kōkua sprayings 0,4% pāʻoihana o colloidal luaipele , a 0,3% o ke keleawe oxychloride.
2. Bacteriosis (pulu popoʻole) - ka noho pilikia loa mai, e like me ka ulu 'muli o kona kulana koke. 'O nā "hō'ailona" mua o kēia ma'i,'o ia ka malo'o a me ka hulu mele'ana o nā lau. A laila, ke kumu o ka "fan", a laila ua ho'ohālike'ia ka rhizome e ka palaha me kahi'ano maika'i'ole. 'O ke kumu o ka bacteriosis i kahi kūpono'ole - ka nui o ka komo'ana i'ole ka pouli a me ka'āina. I nā hō'ailona mua o ka ho'okahuli'ana i kēia ma'i, pono'oe e'eli i kahi lā'au a ho'ohemo i kahi'āpana o ka mākia. E ho'olālā i ka wahi o ka "hana" me ka pālolo pā'ani, a laila me ka ho'oulu'ana o ka ulu. Ma hope o kēlā, ua malo'o loa ka malo'o, a laila kanu'ia i kahi'ē a'e mai nā mea kanu'ē a'e ma kahi malo'o, e ho'ā'o nei e kanu'ole.
3. Fusarium. Me nā ma'i iris e ho'omau ana i ka ulu a me nā pua, akā eia nā lau e huli mua i ka melemele, a laila'ele'ele. E pale i ka ulu'ana o kēia ma'i, ma mua o ke kanu'ana i ka momona i kahi 0.2% o ka hopena o ka ho'okumu no ka hapalua hola. Inā ho'opilikia'ia ka lā'au ulu, a laila, ma lalo o ka momona e ho'okahe ai mākou i ka mea like baseazol.
4. Lau puaʻa pūkoʻa a hiki i hoʻomaka ai ma muli o ke kanaka ilihune ino ana. 'O nā hō'ailona mua he mau'ano like'ole o ka'ilima a me ka nui ma nā lau. Ma hope o ka'ike'ana iā lākou, e ho'oma'ama'a koke i ka mea ma'i i loa'a he 0.3% solution o ka copper oxychloride ai'ole 1% me kahi hui wai Bordeaux.

Nā hō'ailona o nā pua

Hiki ke ho'ololi i nā ma'i o nā ma'i a me nā mea hō'ailona. Ma waena o nā'īlio he:

• Medvedka, ho'okipa'olu'olu i nā rhizomes. No ka hakakā'ana, hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana i nā granite kūikawā kūikawā, e'eli ana iā lākou i loko o ka lepo e kanu ai i nā ulu.
• Kasatikovaya (ho'omaha) kāhā. Ho'opi nā caterpilla o kēia'ōwele i ka māmā, a'o nā kānaka'ōpio ke kuki i nā kumu o nā peduncles. 'O kēia hō'emi e kāko'o i ka ulu'ana o ka bacteriosis o irises. I ka manawa o ka ulu ulu o nā pua, he pono ia e pīpī iā lākou me ka mea kanu o ka wormwood: i loko o 10 mau lita o ka wai kohua he'ōmole o ka lehu ahi, he punetune o kekahi'ōmole wai a 300 g mau'u. Ho'opili'ia ka pahu me ka hopena a waiho'ia e ho'okomo no nā hola 5-6. Ma hope koke iho o kēia ho'ohana'ana i ka'ala. Hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana i nā'ano biologics i kū'ai'ia ma nā hale kū'ai kūikawā.
• Iris pua kaikamahine, ua like no me ka loa maʻamau nalo, pau ka hooilo ma ka honua, akā, i loko o ka luawai mea e kolo ana i a hoolakolako kona hua i loko o nā'ōpuʻu. 'O kēia ka hopena o nā ho'opi'i. 'O nā ma'i o ka'ōpū a me ko lākou make no ka mea i loko a me ka hānai'ana i nā i'a. Ho'opau'ia ka'ōpiopio i kāhea'ia a, a'o ka pono,'a'ole e hemo. Hō'oia nā kaumāku e mālama i nā mea kanu i ka'ikea'ana o nā lau, a ma ka ho'omaka'ana o ka wā o ka'ō'ō'ana me nā lā'au'oko'a. Pono e'oki koke'ia nā'ōpiopio i ho'opilikia'ia a luku'ia.

Ma waho a'e o nā mea lapa'au i'ōlelo'ia ma mua, hiki ke ho'opili'ia nā līlū e nā slugs, ka mahina Mei, nā alawili, nā'ano like'ole a me nā nematodes.