'O nā mea i kapa'ia he mau pūnaewele e hiki ke hana i nā mea'elepelu. Kahi i hana'ia ai nā pūpū

I kēia lā, e a'o kākou pehea e hea aku ai i nā pūnaewele e hiki ke ho'oulu i nā mea'elepelu. Eia nō ho'i, e kama'ilio e pili ana i ke kumu a me ke'ano o ka hana'ana i nā pū'oko'a. E no'ono'o i nā pale palekana o ko mākou kino a me nā'ano o ka palekana.

He aha ka mea nui e ho'omaopopo ma mua o ko mākou ne'e'ana i ka mana'o nui o kā mākou'atikala? 'O ke kūkulu'ana i nā mea'ele'ele i loko o ke kino e hana'ia ma lalo o ka mana o nā antigens. He mau inoa'ē a'e ka inoa o nā'Anipodila - immunoglobulins, a he mau'ano o nā glycoproteins. He aha ke kuleana no ka ho'okō'ana i kēia mea pono? 'O ke'ano,'o ka pūnaewele pa'a'ole, e komo ana kekahi mau ohe:

• Loumus;
• 'O ka manu;
• Nā hanana Lymphoid.

'O ka mea hope loa ma kēia papa inoa he kuleana ia no ka ho'olālā'ana i nā'ano kelepona'ekolu:

• Nā T-lymphocytes;
• Nā B-lymphocytes;
• 'O Macrophages.

'O nā pale palekana i ke kino

Inā he kino o nā pūnaewele ke kino (multicellular), a laila lilo ia i nā mea kino, microbes, parasites a pēlā aku. 'O ke'ano, no ka hana maika'i a kūpa'a o ke kino, pono mākou i nā mea ākea e pale ai i nā parasite mai ka komo'ana i loko o ke kino. Ma ke'ano laulā, loa'a'ekolu mau palekana i nā microbes:

• Ko'o;
• 'O nā membrane Mucous;
• Ka ho'omalu āpau;
• Ke kū waena o ke kino.

'O nā'ili a me nā mucous'a'ole wale he pale ākea. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i ka momona, ka momona, nā waimaka, ka hou a pēlā aku. 'O kēia mau mea he mea weliweli i nā umauma.

No ka pale o ka hale, ke kama'ilio nei mākou no nā hua'ona microhana kūpono ma ka ili o ka'ili a hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i ka huakiko pathogenic.

Ma hope hope mākou i ka hō'ailona. 'O ia, ka hiki ke mālama i ke kūpa'a o ka'ōlohe i loko. Eia ka'enemi:

• 'O ke koko;
• Lymph;
• 'O ka wai i'a a pēlā aku.

I kēia manawa ma kahi e hea'ia ai nā pūnaewele, hiki iā'oe ke hana i nā mea'elepelu. Ua hana'ia lākou ma lalo o ka mana o B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte a me macrophages. No laila, ua ho'omohala'ia nā pūpena plasma, i hana'ia i ka hana'ana i nā mea'ele'ele a me ko lākou ho'ololi'ana i ke koko. He mea nui no hoi ke ike aole i loaa na pu a pau i ka hana ana i na mea pale, kekahi hana i ka hana hoomanao, e hana hou i ka wa e pilikia ai.

'O Immunity a me kona'ano

Ua'ōlelo mua mākou e pili ana i nā pūmomi plasma e hana ai i nā mea'elepili i hana'ole i kēia hana. 'O kekahi o lākou e ho'omana'o i ke antigen no ka hana'ana i nā'epikopoko inā pono.

I kēia manawa, e kama'ilio mākou e pili ana i'elua'ano o ka hō'ailona:

• Kūikawā;
• Pāku'i'ole.

'O ke'ano hope kēia e ho'okō'ia e phagocytosis. Pono ia e kū'ē i ka komo'ana o nā'ōpena'ē a'e i loko o ke kino. No kēia kumu i loa'a ai iā ia ka inoa'o "nonspecific".

Ho'ohehe'e'ia ke kikowaena i ka hana'ana i nā antigens. A laila hele mai nā pū'ali e kōkua i ke kino. Ma ke'ano o ka antigens hiki ke hana a me nā mea'ino, a me nā huapalapala, a me nā'ano pūnaewele'ē a'e e like'ole me nā mea i loa'a i ke kino.

Eia kekahi, hiki ke ho'opili'ia ka palekana e like me kēia:

• Cell (hā'awi'ia e nā phagocytes);
• Ke Kopa (mau mea'eha i loa'a i ke koko kanaka).

I kēia manawa, e hele mākou i nā mea kiko'ī e pili ana i ka mea i kapa'ia he mau pūnaewele e hiki ai ke hana i nā'elepila. A, no ka mea, i ka wehewehe'ana i ke'ano o ka helehelena.

'O ke kūkulu'ia'ana o nā mea'ele'ele

No laila, ua kama'ilio mua mākou e pili ana i nā inoa o nā pūnaewele e hiki ke hana i nā mea'elepili. Akā,'a'ole lākou i ha'i i ke ala i komo ai lākou i ke koko.

E no'ono'o i ke'ano o ka pilina o nā mea'ele'ele a me nā antigens. Inā paha he kino'ē a'e (antigen), no ka mea he lapa'au, ua komo i loko o ka'ōlohelohe o kahi kanaka. Loa'a ka'āpana o ke koko, inā kēia kino i komo mua i ke kino o ke kanaka. Inā'a'ole, alaila hana'ia kekahi mea hou. 'O'Anetene a me ka mea kū'ē i ke'ano kū'ē i nā mana'o mana'o. Mau mea waiwai i kupono pu e like me ka Sol Hoopii a me ka kī. Ke hui lākou, ho'omaka lākou e pilina. 'O ka hopena, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi pu'upu'u hana'ole a hana'ole.

Ho'okumu'ia nā kinakoki i nā pūnaewele plasma, i kūkulu'ia ma ka hui pū'ana i nā papahana ma lalo nei:

• Nā T-lymphocytes;
• Nā B-lymphocytes;
• 'O Macrophages.

He mea nui no hoi e ike aole nae o na kikoo plasma a pau e hiki ke hana i na haipule, o kekahi o lakou i loaa ka hoomanao e hoopuka koke i ka mea i makemakeia e kue i ka moho hou.

'A'ohe pūnaewele

Ua a'o mākou e pili ana i kahi e hana'ia ai nā'elepila, a me ka hopena. I kēia manawa e pili ana i ka'ike'ana i ke antigen. 'O ka pane ho'opunipuni o nā koko koko i loko o:

• 'Oone;
• 'O Thymus (T-lymphocytes);
• 'O Lymph nodes (B-lymphocytes).

'O kēlā me kēia pā'ani ke hō'ike i kāna hana kūikawā,'o ia ho'i:'o ka'ike'ana o T-lymphocytes i kahi hua haole a ho'ouna i ka'ike i nā B-lymphocytes. 'O ka hopena,'o ia ka hua o nā'epena e pono ai.