Oihana a me ka ano o ka'aʻaʻa (kālaimeaola)

Ke kino o na mea he nui meaola e noho ana ua i mai o nā'aʻaʻa. 'Ia nō nā mea a pau unicellular a me ka multicellular, kekahi, no kekahi laʻana, haʻahaʻa mea kanu, i nā līoho, a me lichens. Ma kēia 'atikala, e nana aku kakou, i ke ano o ka fabrics. Kālaimeaola Hawaiʻi ke kumuhana, o kona pauku - histology. I ka inoa o keia kahua ua loko mai o ka Greek hua'ōlelo "lole" a me ka "ike." Aia mau ai na ano o fabrics. Kālaimeaola haʻawina, a me nā mea kanu a me ka holoholona. Ka mea, i nui kaʻokoʻa. 'aʻaʻa,'aʻaʻaʻAno kālaimeaola haʻawina no ka lōʻihi manawa. Ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma no ka manawa mua,ʻo ia mau mea haumana kahiko e like me Aristotle a me Avicenna. 'aʻaʻa,'aʻaʻaʻAno kālaimeaola mau e makaikai i hou - i loko o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, e hoʻokolokolo i ka pono-ikeʻepekema like Moldengauer, Mirbel, Hartig a me na mea e ae. Me kā lākou komo, hou ano o ka halepaahao populations aʻo kā lākou mau hana i loaa.

Kind o fabrics - kālaimeaola

Mua o nā mea a pau, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i nā nā'aʻaʻa i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka mea kanu, e ole typical o nā holoholona. No laila, i keʻano o ka'aʻaʻa kālaimeaola hiki ke maheleia i mau pūʻulu: mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ua hui pu iho la he nui loa o nāʻano likeʻole. Mau mākou, e hoomau aku i ka hewa o ka lawehala.

Ano o ka holoholona nā'aʻaʻa

I hoʻomaka me, ia mea kokoke ia iā mākou. No ka mea, ua pili i ka holoholona aupuni, ko kakou kino ninoieo kaʻoi loa o ka'aʻaʻa, aʻano likeʻole e manawa e hoakakaia. Animal'aʻaʻaʻAno hiki ke Hoʻohui 'i loko o eha ka laulā pūʻulu: epithelial, Muscle, connective a me ko mākou hopohopo. Ka mea mua ekolu e māheleʻia i loko o nāʻano likeʻole. Wale i ka hope pūʻulu ua poe ma ke 'ano hoʻokahi wale nō. Next, noonoo a pau ano o fabrics, 'ole a me ka oihana i ano o ia ma ka mea.

ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa

No ka mea, o kekahi wale nōʻano, hoʻomaka me ia. Ke keena o ka'aʻaʻa kapaia neurons. Kēlā me kēia no ia ninoieo o ke kino, he axon a me dendrites. Na hope - ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana ma a ka uila impulse ua pū i hiki mai ka aeea i ka halepaahao. Ke axon o ka neuron i loko o hoʻokahi - ka mea, 'o ka lōʻihi kaʻina, kekahi mau dendrites, ka mea, ua uuku ma mua o ka mea mua. Ke aeea kino o ka Kora naʻEsau. mea like endoplasmic retikulluma, mitochondria e paka ikehu, a me ka neyrotrubochki e komo 'ana i loko o ka conduction o ka impulse mai kekahi aeea i kekahi - Eia kekahi, i loko o ka cytoplasm i no laila, i kapaʻia Nissl aeee ke aupuni'. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lakou oihana, ua māheleʻia ka neurons i loko o kekahi mau ano. Ka muaʻano - sensory, a afferent. Ka mea, hana impulses mai ke ano nā loko i ka lolo. I ka lua o kaʻano o ka neuron - associative, a me ka hoʻololiʻana. Ka mea, kālailai i ka ike i loaa mai ka makaukau, a paha i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale hoʻi. I na ano o neurons loaʻa i loko o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Na hopeʻano - Hawaii a afferent. Ka mea, e lawe aku ka lāʻau ikiʻai, mai ka associative neuron i nā loko. ¶ A i loko o ka'emi'aʻaʻa i intercellular waiwai. Ua hanaʻia kekahi papa loa nui, e like me ka mea 'oi aku ka paʻa wahi i loko o ka makahiki o neurons mea hoʻomau ana ma ka wehe' ana i keena mai hua'ōlelo i makemake 'ona.

epithelial

Mau mea i nāʻano o nā'aʻaʻa kona keena pili loa e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi. Ka mea hiki i kekahi kinona, akā, mau nō kokoke. A pau i keʻano o nā fabrics o keia pae e like me ka ua i ka intercellular waiwai i loko o ia mea,ʻaʻole lawa. Ua Uaʻano nui na poe ma ke ano o ka wai, i loko o kekahi mau hihia ia i ole ia. Kēia 'ano o ke kino, nā'aʻaʻa, a i ka hoomaluia mai, a me kekahi hana secretory kuleana pili i. Kēia pūʻulu nā kekahi mauʻano likeʻole. He He palahalaha, paukūʻolokaʻa, cubic, nano, ciliated a me glandular epithelium. Mai i ka inoa o kēlā me kēia i kekahi ke maopopo mai ka palapala ka mea, i haku no keena. ʻano o epithelial nā'aʻaʻa i okoa a me kona wahi i loko o ke kino. Ke'ī mai, ka mea i lalo laina i ka lua o ke keena digestive'āpana - ka waha a me ka esophagus. Columnar epithelium i loko o ka'ōpū a me ka naʻau liʻiliʻi. Cubic hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kaʻaʻa puʻuwai tubules. Hoopa iki ia mau laina o ka nasal lua, ma luna o ka mea, ma laila nō kūikawā villi, hoomaopopo ana i ka pokole o ke ala. Ciliated epithelium keena, e like me ka mea hala ole oe i kona inoa, e komo cytoplasmic cilia. Kēiaʻano o ka'aʻaʻa naʻau i ka Hawaiian Airlines i mea ma lalo o ka nasal lua. Ke cilia, i loaʻa kēlā halepaahao hana i ka papa maʻemaʻe - ka mea, i kekahi mau mea i wae 'ea i hele ma na kino Yuuki kūlanakauhale i kēia mau manao epithelium. Ka hope? Ueo o keia pae'aʻaʻa - glandular epithelium. Kona keena hana secretory kuleana pili i. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka glands, like hoʻi me ia ma ka lua o kekahi mau nā loko e like me ka'ōpū. Keena o kēia 'ano o ka epithelium e hormones, earwax, gastric wai, waiu, sebum, a ua nui no hoi na waiwai.

Muscle'aʻaʻa

Kēia pūʻulu Ua maheleia i ekolu ano. Ke Muscle mea he malimali, striated a me ka naau. All Muscle'aʻaʻa e like me ka poe e i haku o ka lōʻihi keena - puluniu, iloko ona he nui loa ka helu o ka mitochondria, e like me ka mea pono i ka puu o ka ikaika no ka neʻe. Ala apuupuu Muscle'aʻaʻa laina i ka lua o ka mea na nā loko. Ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka Muscle hiki ole mākou i ka pāʻana lakou iho, e like me ka mea i innervated ma ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Keena striated Muscle nā'aʻaʻa e wehewehe aku i loko o ia ka mea, aia no iloko olaila nui mitochondria ma mua i loko o ka mua. Keia mea no ka mea, ka mea e pono hou ikehu. e hiki ke hoole nui aku hoʻomaka koke ma mua o nāʻalā Striated nāʻiʻo. Ua ninoieo o skeletal Muscle. Ka mea, i innervated ma ka somatic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, no laila, ua mākou hiki consciously ka pāʻana ia. Muscle naau'aʻaʻa hiehie kekahi ano o ka mea mua elua. He hiki no i 'Imi, a hoʻomaka koke huli like striated, akā, ua innervated ma ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e like me nāʻalā.

Manoukian ano o fabrics a me kā lākou mau hana

A pau na fabrics o keia pae i wehewehe aku ma ka helu nui o intercellular waiwai. Ma kekahi mau hihia, eia kahi mea akaka ma ka kinowai moku'āina, kekahi - i loko o ka wai, a me kekahi manawa - ma ke ano o ka amorphous nuipa a. Kēia pūʻulu nā ehiku ano. He anuanu a me ka moe kolohe puluniu, iwi, cartilage, reticular, adipose, koko. Ma ka oko mua o ka puluniu Kīwala'ō. Ua Ua Aia a puni ka na nā loko. Kona kuleana pili i ka mea, e haawi aku ia lakou i kohoʻia a me ka palekana. Ka mea e wehe ai i fibrous'aʻaʻa amorphous nuipa a ka i lanakila ma ma na olona. Ua loa hoopiha ana i na wahi i wāhiʻia ma waena o ka mea na nā loko, oiai anuanu fibrous pepa wale nō keʻano o ka iwi a puni ka hope. Ua Radio no hoi he kūlana aiiay. Iwi a me ka cartilage'aʻaʻa ho okumu i ka iwi. He hanaʻia i loko o ke kino o ka papa kākoʻo, a me ka aiiay hapa. Na keena, a me ka intercellular waiwai predominate iwi 'okanikaʻole waiwai, ʻano nui kalipuna i huiʻia a me nā phosphates. ʻIkepili kūkaʻi o 'ona ma waena o ka iwi a me ke koko hooponopono hormones e like me calcitonin a me ka paratireotropin. Me Kinohi Kākoʻo maʻamau iwi ka hana 'ana ma o ka huli ana phosphorus a me ka kalipuna Ion ma ka ke aloha hui, ua waiho i loko o ka iwi. A lua, conversely, me ka deficiency o kēia mau Ion i loko o ke koko hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka loaa ana ia lakou mai skeletal nā'aʻaʻa.

Ke koko kekahi, ua kapaʻia he wahi lihi iki o ka wai a intercellular waiwai ia i ka wai koko. Kona keena aho svoebrazny. Ka mea, ua maheleia i ekolu hoailona ia mea: platelets, ulaula koko keena, a keʻokeʻo koko keena. Ka mua, ua kuleana no ke koko clotting. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, mea i hana i ka mea uuku thrombus i ua ālai 'hou ia ke koko me keia poho. Red koko aeee i kuleana no ka amo ana o o oxygen ma ke kino a me ka hoʻolako 'ia i nā mea a pau na nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. Ka mea, i e aglyutinogeny ua loaʻa nō nāʻano - A a me B. ke koko wai koko ke aglyutininov maʻiʻo o Alpha a Hoʻokolohua. Ka mea, ua Anati-aglyutinogenam. No kēia mau waiwai, a ua hooholoia i ke koko pae. Ka mua pūʻulu i loko o ka ula koko aeee ua i mālama aglyutinogenov a me ka wai koko i mau ano aglyutininy koke. Ka lua o ka pūʻulu i aglyutinogenom aglyutininom A a me ka Hoʻokolohua. Ekolu - B, a me Alpha. I wai koko, i ka ha i aglyutininov, akā, me ka ula koko aeee i aglyutinogeny nā A a me B. Inā A ua loaʻa i loko o Alpha a Hoʻokolohua, he mea ka ai-kapaia agglutination naoh, kūpono i ka ula koko keena make a me ke ano clots. Kēia kānāwai ina koko transfusion nonconforming pae. Ua haawiia ia e hoʻohana wale erythrocytes transfusions (wai koko ua eliminated i loko o kekahi o ka koko aaioee kuʻina), ke kanaka hiki ke transfused i ka pae mua wale i kona koko o ka pae a me ka lua o ka - koko mua a me ka lua o ka pae, ke kolu - o ka mua a me ka kolu o ka pūʻulu, ka ha - o kekahi pae.

Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka ula koko aeee i ia na antigens D, a hoʻoholo i ka RH ololi, ina paha lakou maanei, me ka hope, ua 'oluʻolu, ina he mea ole -ʻaʻohe. Lymphocytes i kuleana no e hoʻonele. Ka mea, ua maheleia i mau papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu: B lymphocytes a me T lymphocytes. First hua mai la i loko o ka iwi lolo, i ka lua o ka - ma ka thymus (he gland aia ma hope o ka breastbone). T-lymphocytes e hoʻolaha i T-inducers, T-kōkua a me T-suppressors. Reticular connective'aʻaʻa haku o ka helu nui o extracellular'ōpū mai, a anei i keena. O kēia mau mea, kuahene koko keena. Kēia lole o ke kumu o ka iwi ka lolo a me ka 'ē aʻe hematopoietic nā loko. Aia ka hoi ka adipose'aʻaʻa, na keena o ka i pihaʻi me lipids. Ua hanaʻia ka papaʻa, a me kekahi manawa thermal'īpale aiiay kuleana pili i.

Pehea i na mea kanu?

Mau meaola, e like na holoholona, i haku no 'Ohi o aeee a me intercellular waiwai. Ano o ke kanu'aʻaʻa mākou hōʻike e hiki mai ana. A pau o ia e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau nui nā pūʻulu. Kēia mea he hoʻonaʻauao, ka penaʻana, lawelawe, me mechanical a me ka walaʻauʻana. He 'ano o nā mea kanu nā'aʻaʻa, no ka mea e pili ana i kekahi mau i kēlā me kēia hui.

ka hoʻonaʻauao '

O nā apical, kīloi paʻewa, a me intercalaryʻeha. Lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE papa - e hōʻoia i ka ulu ana o ka mea kanu. Ka mea, he poe keena liilii, i mea 'Imi mahele ana, a laila, differentiate e lilo i kekahi ano o ka'aʻaʻa. Apical nō ma nā manaʻo kōkua o ka kumu, a me nā aʻa, ke kīloi paʻewa - i loko o ke kumu, ma lalo o ka uhi, ka hookomo aku la - i loko o nā waihona ipu interstices, hahau - ma ke kahua o ka hewa.

uhi

Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e mānoanoa aeea paia haku o ka kelulose. paani ka mea, he kūlana aiiay. He ekolu ano: na epidermis, Cork, Cork. Ka mua uhi nā wahi a pau o ka mea kanu. Ua hiki i ka aiiay waxy ka penaʻana, e like me ka mea i kona lauoho, stomata, cuticle ili. Cork meaʻokoʻa i loko o ia mea, i ole ia, no ka mea, a pau na ano, ia mea i 'ano like me ka epidermis. Pani - coverslips, ua make nā'aʻaʻa mea nāna i hana i ka laau wauke.

lawelawe

Mau fabrics e hele mai ana ma nāʻano likeʻole: ka xylem a me ka phloem. Kā lākou hana - amo o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe 'ona i loko o ka wai, mai na aa i nā nā loko, a Hope versa. Xylem ua hanaʻia o nā wahi i hanaʻia ma ka make keena me kaʻoʻoleʻa leho i transverse Pūnaewele Puni Honua. Ka mea, lawe aku i ka loli keu. Phloem - kānana paipu - ola keena, a e ole i nuclei. Keʻa membranes i nui ili. Me keʻano o ke kanu nā'aʻaʻa 'ona ua hoʻopau i loko o ka wai, e kaʻi aku e kō ana.

mechanical e

Ka mea, i hele mai i loko o nā 'ano: ka collenchyma a me ka sclerenchyma. Lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE hana - e hōʻoia i ka ikaika o nā mea a pau na nā loko. Collenchyma poe e noho ana keena me ka woody leho i paa i pili i kekahi i kekahi. Sclerenchyma ua haku o elongated make keena me ka paakiki leho.

ka papa kuhikuhiE

E like me ka hala ole oe i ko lakou inoa, ka mea, i ke kumu o nā mea a pau kanu nā loko. Ka mea, i kaʻaluna a me ka hope. Ka mua o loko o ka uliuli hapa o ka lau a me ke kumu. Mau keena e na chloroplasts, i nā kuleana no ka kāʻamaʻai. Ka pūnaewele nā'aʻaʻa loaa ke aloha mea i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia i kēia pia.