'Omara Khayyam: A Kawaihae. 'Omara Khayyam: hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

O Omara Khayyam, he pōkole Kawaihae i ua hōʻike ia ma keia pepa, i hānauʻia ma Nishapur May 18, 1048. Nishapur ua aia ma ka hikina o Iran, i loko o ka nohona panalāʻau o Khorasan. Kēia kūlanakauhale i ke kahi i ka maikaʻi hoakoakoaia mai he wahi lihi iki o ke kanaka, mai kekahi mau wahi o Iran, a hiki mai kokoke aina. Eia hou kekahi, Nishapur ua manaoia kekahi o na kumu nui moÿomeheu ioauoa o ka manawa i loko o Iran. Ma ke kūlanakauhale, mai ka 11th kenekulia hana madrasas - kula o kiekie ae, a kiʻekiʻe ano. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea, ua aʻoʻo'Omara Khayyam.

Kawaihae ma ka Russian komo ai unuhi o kupono inoa. I kekahi manawa, nae, o ka mea heluhelu ua koi 'ia a me ka' ōlelo Pelekānia mana, no ka kekahi laʻana, ka wā e pono e huli i nā mea i loko o ka'ōlelo Pelekane. Pehea hiki ke unuhi: "'Omara Khayyam: A Kawaihae"? "ʻo'Omara Khayyam: Kawaihae" - o ka pololei mana.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence Khayyam

Eia naʻe, 'ike e pili ana ia mea,ʻaʻole lawa, e like me ka' ike e pili ana i ke ola o na mea he nui kanaka kaulana o ka wa kahiko. Kawaihae aʻo'Omara Khayyam i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence paha ma ka oiaio i kona noho ana ma Nishapur. Mea i 'ike e pili ana i kona ohana. Khayyam inoa kapakapa, e like me ko oukou ike ana, 'o ia hoʻi "halelewa haku", "campers". Ua apono 'noiʻi e e ka mea mahuʻi i kona makua kāne i ka' elele o ka oihana koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Ka ohana, ma kekahi hihia, i na mea lawa paha kana e haawi i kana keiki i ka kohu kūpono hoʻonaʻauao.

Education hāliu aku i kāna hope ola. 'Omara Khayyam aʻo mua 'epekema ma madrasas Nishapur, ka mea ma ka manawa iʻikeʻia me ka aristocratic kula, i hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hana lehulehu o ke kiʻekiʻe ke kula. Ma hope iho o iaʻo'Omara hoomau i kona hoʻonaʻauao ma Samarkand a me Balkh.

Knowledge loaa Khayyam

He waiwai kekahiʻano o ka maoli a me ka kiko'ī sciences: anahonua, makemakika, kilohōkū, ke kālaikūlohea. 'Omara kekahi manaʻoi aʻo mōʻaukala, koranovedenie, theosophy, kālaiʻike, a hoonoho iho la o philological sciences, ka mea i hapa o ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ka manawa. He ike Apapika moʻokalaleo, poeko ma Apapika, a ike iho la i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka versification. 'Omara ua mākaukau ma ka hoola a me ka astrology, a aʻo mele kumumanaʻo.

Khayyam wahi aku me ka ike i ka Koran ma ka naau, au i ke ano o kekahi pauku. No laila,ʻo ka theologians koʻikoʻi loa, o ka hikina hoopii i'Omara no ka'ōlelo aʻo. Kona mau manaʻo,ʻaʻole naʻe, i i komo i loko o Hoʻomana Mohameka i loko o kona Orthodox ano.

Ka mua discoveries ma ke kahua o ka makemakika

Ka mua discoveries ma makemakika hāliu aku i kāna hope ola. 'Omara Khayyam i hana ai i kēia 'epekema i ka papa kuhikuhiE pulakaumaka o ko lākou mau haʻawina. I kona makahiki 25, oia i ka mea mua loaʻa i loko o makemakika. Ma na 60s o ka 11th kenekulia, ua paʻi hana ma luna o kēia 'epekema, a lawe mai iā ia i kaulana i ka poʻokela nä känaka' epekema. Patronage luna hoʻomaka e haawi ia ia i ka hoomalu ana.

Life i ke aloaliʻi Hakan mau hoʻokūkū akamai hoʻomaʻamaʻa AL-Mulk

Nā luna o ka 11th kenekulia hoʻokūkū ana me kekahi i kekahi, i loko o ka nani o ka Pakipika. Ka mea, lured ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i courtiers. Ka loa influential wale koi i ka pā hale i kaulana haku mele a me ka haumana. 'Aʻole i hookoeia i kēia hopena, a o Omara he. Service ma ka pā hale, a ua hookoia kona Kawaihae.

O Omara Khayyam, mua alakaʻi i kona 'epekema' oihana ma ke alo o Prince Hakan mau hoʻokūkū akamai hoʻomaʻamaʻa'ōlelo-Mulk, ma Bukhara. E like me ke kakaolelo o ke 11th kenekulia, Bukhara luna puni i ka hanohano o Omara, a i kau ia ma luna o ka noho aliʻi'ē aʻe,ʻo ia.

Kono ia Isfahan

Ma keia manawa ka mea, ua ulu, a hoʻokumu i ka Nui Seljuk aupuni a pau. Tugulbek, ka Seljuk alii ana, i ka 1055 lanakila Baghdad. He hai aku la oia ia ia iho i ka luna o ka hou aupuni a pau, Suletana. Caliph lilo ka mana, a ia ia i ka au o ka moʻomeheu? Acaeoey, i kapaʻia ka hikina mai pakebona.

Kēia mau hanana loli i ka hopena o Omara he Khayyam. New wā mau kona Kawaihae. 'Omara Khayyam i ka 1074, ua kono i ke alo alii, e lawelawe i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Isfahan. I keia manawa, i ka rula o ka Suletana Malik Shah. Kēia makahiki ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka 20-makahiki au o kona hoohua? Iie hana, loaʻa nā hualoaʻa i huli mai maikaʻi loa. i ke kapikala o ka Seljuk mana, i'ō, mai ke Kaiwaenahonua a hiki i na palena o Kina i ke kulanakauhale o Isfahan i kēia manawa.

Life ma ke alo o Malik Shah

'Omara lilo i honorary He kokekau wale i ke Suletana nui. Wahi a ke kaʻao, Nizam AL-Mulk a hiki i kaumaha aku ia ia, e kahu ai Nishapur, a me ka puni. 'Omara mai la oia ia ia i hiki ole papa aku, a kauoha mai ai i mea e pono ai ka hooponopono ana o kanaka. Ke Suletana i kauoha mai ai ia ia i ka uku o ka 10 tausani. Gold dinars ka makahiki (me ka nunui puu dala) i Khayyam ke olelo huna ole komo ma ka 'epekema.

'ōnaehana Observatory

Khayyam Ua kono e kahu ai i ka hale pele. Suletana ua ohi i ka mea maikaʻi o nā astronomers ma ka pā hale, a anao? Aou nui kupono no ke kuai ana o ka pipiʻi lako a pan. i ka hana o ka e pili ana i ka hou 'alemanaka i ua waiho i loko o ke alo o Omara. Ma ka 11th kenekulia ma Central Asia a me Iran i ka ia manawa, he mau nenoai: i ka poe a me ka Helu calendars. Ua he hemolele. By March 1079 ka pilikia i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina. Khayyam i hāpai 'alemanaka ua 7 kekona kiko'ī a me ke kapuai i keia la Gregorian (hoʻomohala i loko o ka 16th kenekulia)!

'Omara Khayyam alakaʻi i ka pele Astronomical loina. Ma kona au mai o ka kilohōkū ka mea i pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka astrology, i loko o ka Middle Ages, mea he 'epekema no mea hiki mea. Aʻo'Omara ua hapa o ka pu o Malik Shah me kona Kuhina, a me ka poe kilo. ua nui kona kaulana me ka Makaula.

New E hana 'ia ma ka makemakika

Ma ke kahua ma Isfahan, o Omara Khayyam i kekahi pū ma ka makemakika. I ka 1077, oia i hana geometric hana hoolilo ai i ke ano o ka pilikia wahi, i hiki Euclid. He mua i ka exhaustive Mea Maluna o ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano o nā helu kaulike - cubic, heʻahā like, laina (huina 25? Ueony), a ua hana i ka pähola 'ana o ka hoʻoponopono cubic nā helu kaulike. Ua i ka mea nana i hoala mua o ka ninau e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o 'epekema o ka anahonua me ka hōʻailona helu.

No ka lōʻihi manawa Khayyam puke, uaʻikeʻole i kaʻEulopaʻepekema nana i hana 'ole-Euclidean anahonua, a me ka hou kiekie ae hōʻailona helu. A ka mea, ua i hou-lawe i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ala e hele aku, a ua 5-6 kenekulia mua ia i mua, ua waiho Khayyam.

kālaiʻike papa

Khayyam i kekahi hana i loko o nā pilikia o ke akeakamai, këia ka 'epekema hoʻoilina o Avicenna. He unuhi i loko o Persian mai Apapika, kekahi o kana mau hana, hōʻike HOU, mai i keia manawa i ke kūlana o ka 'ōlelo o ka' epekema hoʻokani Apapika.

Ka mua philosophical hoonoho ia i hanaia i loko o 1080 ( "hoonoho ma ke ola ana a me ka hala"). Khayyam olelo mai ana oia mea he follower o Avicenna, a ua kaheaia manao e pili ana i Hoʻomana Mohameka, mai ke kuanaʻike o ka hikina aristotelianstva. 'Omara, keʻikeʻia ke ola ana o ke Akua, e like me ke kumu kumu o nā mea a pau, ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'mea o nā mea a pau me ka nānā' ana i nā kānāwai o ke ano, ia mea i ka hopena o ke kilokilo akamai. Mau manao ikaika kū'ē'ē 'oe me ka Muslim dogma. I ka hoonoho aku i kau mai ka mea, concisely, a me ka mea keʻakeʻa, Aesopian 'ōlelo allusions a me innuendo. Nui aku wiwo ole, i kekahi manawa, wiwo ole mai defiant, Anati-Islamic olelo la hoikeia ma ka poetry o Omara he Khayyam.

Kawaihae: poem Khayyam

Nā poem palapala wale Rubaie, oa quatrains, ma i rhymed 1st, 2nd, 4th, a me nā mea a pau eha -No-. He hana ia i ka wā e ola ana. i ole palapala Khayyam laudatory odes luna. Rubaie mea ano o ka poetry mea ole, me he haku mele, i ike ia e kona mau wā o Omara Khayyam i. Aʻo ia i paʻa i ka mea nui i kā lākou mau poem. Ka mea,ʻikeʻia paha offhand, casually.

'Omara shaky manao i ke alo o

I ka pau ana o 1092 a wawahi i ka 20-makahiki mālie wā o kona olaʻana ma ke alo o Malik Shah. I keia manawa, ke Suletana make i loko o unclear ana. A Ua e kaua kīmopō i ka mahina mamua aku Nizam AL-Mulk. I ka make ana o nā waihona Khayyam ka medieval kumu wahi i ka Ismailis, kuhikuhi na elele o ka haipule-pili aupuni ana e ku ei ka Turkish hanohano. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Malik Shah, ka mea, terrorized Isfahan ike. Lawe wale a me ka denunciations i hanau makau waikahe i ke kūlanakauhale pepehi kanaka mea ikea ole. A paio no ka mana, hoomaka e popopo nui aupuni a pau.

Deteriorated a me ke kahua ma ka pā hale o ka wahine kāne make o Omara Malik Shah Turkan Khatun. Ka wahine i ole paulele He kokekau wale Nizam AL-Mulk. 'Omara Khayyam ua hana no kekahi manawa i ka pele, akā, ua i loaa i kekahi mua maʻiʻo,ʻaʻohe kākoʻo. I ka Ia manawa,ʻo ia i mālama i ke kauka a me ka poe kilo ma Turkan Khatun.

E like me ka 'oihana o ke aloaliʻi iʻoki pōkole Khayyam

Ka moʻolelo o pehea hanaʻino akula ia i kona 'oihana' aha hoʻokolokolo, Ua e lilo i puke. Ka mea, no ka 1097. Sanjar, ke keiki muli loa a Malik Shah, hookahi ano moa pox, a me Khayyam, ka mea i hana ia, inadvertently kaheaia kanalua i ke keiki 11-makahiki-kahiko e ola. i overheard Scooter oleloia hua'ōlelo e ke kauwa, a ua hoolilo i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka hooilina. ʻO wai ka mea i loko o ka wā e hiki mai Suletana, ka mea i alii iho la oia mai ka 1118 e 1157 ke Seljuk moku'āina, Sanjar a pau kona ola ke awa o manaʻoe hōʻeha i Khayyam.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Malik Shah Isfahan poho kulana o ka papa 'epekema kikowaena a me ka noho aliʻi. Derelict, a ma ka hopena, ua hoʻoneʻe i ka pele, a me ke kapikala a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Merv (Khorasan) i paa. 'Omara haʻalele i ke kahua, a mau loa aku, hoi aku la a hiki i Nishapur.

Life ma Nishapur

Here ia i noho ai a hiki i kona make ana, wale kēlā wā i kēia wā e waiho ana i ke kulanakauhale, e kipa Balkh a me Bukhara. Eia hou kekahi, hana iho la oia i noho malihini ai lōʻihi a hiki i ka Muslim wahi ho'āno i loko o Mecca. Khayyam aÿo ÿana i loko o madrasas Nishapur. He ua he uuku pōʻai o ka haumana. I kekahi manawa, e lawe i ka rocket nä känaka 'epekema, ka poe i imi i ka halawai me ia, i kekahi i loko o ka' epekema paio kālaimanaʻo.

Ka hope wā o kona ola ua paʻakikī loa, ua pili i deprivation a me ka kaumaha nui loa i ua ua ua loaʻa ma ka uhane loneliness. Ma Nishapur makahiki i kaulana o Omara he like me ka astronomer a me ka mathematician i huiia me ka nani a me ka apostate freethinker. Huhū o adherents o Hoʻomana Mohameka kapaia kona philosophical wale.

ʻepekema, a philosophical hoʻoilina o Khayyam

Kawaihae o Omara Khayyam (pōkole) hiki ole kamailio ma ka au mamuli e pili ana i kana hana. Mākou e hoailona oukou i kona uuku,ʻepekema, a philosophical hoʻoilina wale. Haʻalele Avicenna, kona, hoʻokomo, Khayyam i i hana i kekahi manaʻo aukahi philosophical kahua. Kona hoonoho hōʻike wale i na ninau kanaka o kālaiʻike, eia nae ka mea nui. Kekahi o ia i kākau 'ia ma muli o ke noi' ana mai o ka naita ma a me ka uhane ē aʻei kūpono. Ua Ua ola wale 5 philosophical kākau o Omara. i concise, pōkole a pau o lakou, i kekahi manawa, lawe i kekahi mauʻaoʻao.

Ke noho malihini ai ia Mecca, a me ke ola i loko o ke kauhale

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, i ka hookui ana me na clergy lilo ai pilikia i Khayyam i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hana i ka pilikia a me ka lōʻihi noho malihini ai i Mecca (i loko o nā makahiki ano kūpuna). Ma keia au ana o ka hele ana a hiki i na wahi hoano kekahi manawa ka mea, he mau makahiki. O Omara he ola no kekahi manawa ma Baghdad. E ao ana i kona Kawaihae ia i ua makamake nui ma Nizamiyya.

O Omara Khayyam, e pili ana i kona ola, ua ike, Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole he nui, hoi mai i ka hale, hoomaka ae la oia e noho i loko o kekahi kauhale kokoke Nishapur i loko o ka hale secluded. E like me ka hoike ana o ka medieval biographers, ia i ua ole i mareia, a me nā keiki,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i. He noho paʻa ma ka mau pilikia, no ka hoʻohuoiʻia a me ka hoomaau.

E like me au i hoʻohala i ka hola hope o ke ola ana o Omara he Khayyam

Pōkole Kawaihae ma Russian o ke nä känaka 'epekema, poe akeakamai a me ka haku mele, i kākauʻia e ka helu o nā kākau. Nā kumu 'aelike i ka makahiki o kona make ana ua i kaʻoi loa i ike ia. Ka loa paha ka lā ua manaoia e e ia i loko o 1123. Mai ke kumu o ka 12th kenekulia hiki iā mākou i ka moʻolelo e pili ana pehea Khayyam malaila i ka hora hope o ke ola. Ua lohe mai i kona poe hoahanau, Abu-l-Hasan Beyhaki kēia moʻolelo. Ma kēia lā,ʻo'Omara malama aʻo i ka "Book o Healing" i kākauʻia e Avicenna. A hiki i ka "hookahi, a mau" Hayam i ka toothpick ma waena o ka a lahilahi, a noi no na kanaka pono, e hana i kona makemake. Omara i ole ai a inu a pau lā. Ua noho hope pule, ia i kulou iho la i ka lepo i loko o ke ahiahi. A laila,'ī akula Khayyam, haliu ae la ia i ke Akua, i ka mea i ike i ka nui i hiki, a ua ike no ia - keia mea i ke alanui no ia. A make iho la ia. Ma ka Hawaii photo lalo - i kona kupapaʻu i loko o Nishapur.

Mai aha nā kumu 'oe ke aʻo e pili ana i ke ola ana o ke kanaka e like o Omara he Khayyam? Kawaihae TSB (Great Soviet puke noiʻi kūʻikena) e hoopii oe ina oe e kumu o ka 'ike e pili ana ia. E hiki no hoi i kapa aku i ka puke o ka puke Khayyam, ma ka kakaʻina no a pinepine haawi aku i ka ho'ākāka 'ana o kona ola. Ua hoomakaukau mākou wale nō kumu o ka 'ike e pili ana i ke kanaka e like me o Omara he Khayyam. Kawaihae, i kona aupuni 'ē aku, ka mōʻaukala o kona ola, poem a me ka apana - keia a pau o ka hailona ana o kanaka i hoihoi i loko o kēia lā. Ua olelo no ka nui o ka hoʻoilina i āna i haʻalele, ke kūlana nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka o Omara he Khayyam.